Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị, otu n'ime ndị guzobere cosmonautics Yuri Kondratyuk: biography, rụzuru na-akpali eziokwu

Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk - ọkà mmụta sayensị nke USSR na White Nche ikpeazụ. A mụrụ ya na 1897, June 9. Ná mmalite XX narị afọ, ọ na-gbakọọ kacha trajectory na ọnwa - "Kondratyuka track." Mgbe e mesịrị, ya mgbawa ji mee NASA na mmemme "Apollo". Tụlee n'ihu karịa ọbụna ama Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk.

Biography si mụrụ nhapu

Real aha nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nke pụtara ìhè na nkà mmụta sayensị na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nnọọ iche. Yuri Kondratyuk - utu aha Alexander Ignatievitch Shargeya. A muru ya na Poltava, n'ezinụlọ Russified Germany na ndị Juu, ndị were Katọlik. Great-nna nna bụ Anton Andreevich Shlippenbah, bụ ndị na-agha nke 1812

Alexander nọrọ ya na nwata na nne nne ya na ulo, na nke abụọ nke di ya. Ọ bụ a ndi a, o - a mba dọkịta, na mgbe e mesịrị isi nke atọ alaka nke Exchequer. Mgbe ọ dị otu afọ, nna ya wee gaa Germany, na Darmstadt, na-amụ na Higher tehshkole. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, ọ malitere a echiche ọrịa na nne ya, nke mere na ọ nọ na-enịm ke ọgwụ n'okpuru s. Obere Budyscha. Ebe ọ nọrọ niile nke ndụ ya.

Na 1903 nna kpaliri nwa-ya nwoke St. Petersburg. Ebe a, ezinụlọ ha ghọrọ Helena Petrovna Giberman. Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke a ma ama ọkachamara n'ọrịa ụmụ nwanyị, na translation nke ọgwụ mbipụta P. I. Ndọrọ-Gibermana. N'afọ na-esonụ, na 1907, Alexander na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ n'àgwàetiti Vasilveskom. Na 1910 a mụrụ ya ọkara nwanne Nina. N'otu afọ nna ya nwụrụ na mberede. Alexander laghachi n'ụlọ nne nne ya.

Site na 1910 ruo 1916, ọ natara a abụọ ruo n'ókè na nke abụọ Poltava emega ahụ, na gụsịrị akwụkwọ na a silver nrite. N'elu ẹkụre nke ọzụzụ, Alexander abịarute Petrograd Polytechnic Institute, n'ibu ngalaba (ugbu a - St. Petersburg Polytechnic State University). Otú ọ dị, na November 1916 na oku na-aga nke ndị agha a kpọfere ya ka ụlọ akwụkwọ ikike. Tupu demobilization nke mmiri nke na 1918 abuana ke agha na Turkish n'ihu. Dị ka ihe uweojii nke tsarist agha, mgbe mgbanwe nke 1917 ọ nọ na-chịkọtara ndị agha gaa agha nke na-acha ọcha, ma gbahapụrụ.

Mgbe kpọọ nke Kiev Alexander Red Army gbalịrị ịgbapụ ụkwụ ná mba ọzọ. Ma e jidere ya, kpọghachitere. N'okpuru mgbu nke emesi ya gara aga na-enyemaka nke ya onye nnochi anya nne Helen Giberman natara ọhụrụ akwụkwọ. Site na oge ọ ghọrọ Yuriem Vasilevichem Kondratyukom, a mụrụ na 1900 na Lutsk district. Dị ka akwụkwọ ndị a, ọ dịrị ndụ fọdụrụ oge.

The mbụ ọrụ ọrụ

Site 1921 na 1927 Yuri Kondratyuk-arụ ọrụ na Kuban, ebe ndịda Ukraine, na North Caucasus. Ebe ọ bụ greaser, a ụgbọala na-adọkpụ ụgbọala, ụgbọ mbuli. Na 1927 ọ kwagara Siberia n'okpuru iyi egwu nke KGB ada. Ọ dị mfe na-ezo ezo n'okpuru a ụgha aha. Na Novosibirsk, na Yuriy Kondratyuk ọkọkpọhi a na ụlọ ọrụ "Khleboprodukt". N'ebe a, o nwere na-akụkụ na-ewu na mma nke nchekwa ihe. Dị nnọọ n'oge a, o wuru ama "Mastodon" - .. Granary, mere maka 13 puku tọn ụlọ e kere na-enweghị otu ntu. N'otu oge ahụ, Yuri Kondratyuk bịara ọtụtụ ugboro na Biisk. Ebe ọ lectured na ígwè ọrụ nke ọka nchekwa usoro.

ikpe

Ka ọ dịgodị, na ụlọ ọrụ si management "Khleboprodukt" ajụjụ ndị a pụrụ ịdabere "Mastodon", onye kere Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Njide na ebubo nke sabotaji ada itie ke 1930, July 30. The ụlọ ọrụ management e mere na-ede akwụkwọ nke oru ngo, ọ bụghị nanị na-eji mbọ, ma ọ bụghị ọbụna ihe ọ bụla drawings. N'ihi ya, na ebubo nke Yuri Kondratyuk ikpe afọ atọ mara ụlọikwuu. "Mastodon" na-guzo n'ihi na ihe karịrị afọ 60 na e bibie ke ufọt ufọt 90s na ọkụ.

ọhụrụ na-eme

Ka ọ dịgodị mara ụlọikwuu dochie ọrụ guzobere Novosibirsk Special Bureau № 14 mkpọrọ injinia. E e rụrụ mmepe nke coal ụlọ ọrụ oru ngo. Nke a ọrụ ẹkenịmde Yuri Kondratyuk. Ya biography jupụtara a dịgasị iche iche nke dị ịtụnanya mere. N'ihi ya, na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ 14, ọ bụ ike inweta nchọpụta Kemịkalụ na ubi nke Ngwuputa na Ngwuputa akụrụngwa. Ke adianade do, o bipụtara ọtụtụ isiokwu na kpọmkwem okwu. Otu n'ime ha na-Ọrụ na accelerating penetration nke mines na opalubnoy ígwè ọrụ porodorubochnyh na ihe na-arụ ọrụ, mesikwuru ihe ikpo ọkwọ ụgbọ ala, na otú pụta.

Crimea ifufe ugbo

N'oge na ịdị adị nke a pụrụ iche na Bureau ẹkenịmde a mpi maka ihe e kere eke nke na osise nke echichi. The okwu nke na-agụ na Yuri Kondratyuk. Emebe WEC ọ rụrụ na mmekota na Gorchakov. A obere ka e mesịrị, ọrụ ahụ aka na Nikitin - Onye Okike nke telivishọn ụlọ elu Ostankino. The osise e dechara site November 1932, ndị dere mgbe a obere oge na-ekwe ka na-aga na isi obodo. Na mpi nke oru ngo bụ ihe kasị mma. Na 1933, na isi ọnwụ nke mmadụ Commissariat Kondratyuka n'oge tọhapụ ụlọnga. N'ihi na ndị ọzọ 1934, ifufe ugbo imewe e kpamkpam fọrọ. Construction nke ntọala malitere na 1937 n'Ugwu Ai-Petri. Otú ọ dị, na-esonụ, 1938, na-arụ ọrụ e kwụsịrị n'ihi na ịjụ ike ifufe ike ụlọ ọrụ. N'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ Kondratiuk mere obere pilot WPP.

na-akpali eziokwu

Na-arụ ọrụ na osise nke ifufe ike ahụmahụ, nke nwere Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich, biography, rụzuru mmasị ya S. P. Koroleva. N'ikpeazụ na imekọ ihe ọnụ. Otú ọ dị, Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich a amaghị na-ịnaraghị. Dị ka otu version, ọ kọwara odida nke ẹdude eme metụtara-arụ ọrụ na ifufe ugbo. Dị ka ndị ọzọ, na ihe kpatara ya bụ na ndị metụtara agha oru ngo, nditịm-achịkwa site NKVD. Na ikpe nke nkwenye nwere ike imeghe ya whiteguard gara aga na eziokwu nke falsification nke akwụkwọ. Ndị na-esi ike ịbụ nnọọ oké njọ.

Ikere na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ

Mgbe nke mmalite nke agha, Yuri Kondratyuk kpọọrọ na ndị agha dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo. Ọ na-debara aha 2nd bipu ndi agha nke 21 nke Division nke Moscow district nke Kiev, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na nkwurịta okwu, telephonist. Na October 1941, unit nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị Kondratiuk jere ozi na a ejikọrọ ụlọ ọrụ nke 47th bipu ndi agha nke 194th Division. Mgbe ahụ, na ọ bụ ọchịagha nke prokomvzvoda na nkewa nke 1st battalion, akụkụ nke 2nd guzobe nke 49th Western agha. Dị na ntinye "Book of Memory" Yuri Kondratyuk (Yuriy Kondratyuk) na ọ nwụrụ na 1942, na February 25. E liri ya na Orel region, nso obodo. Krivtsovo.

astronautics nchoputa

Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk n'oge afọ nke ya na-arụ ọrụ ọrụ na-emepụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. Ya mere, n'agbanyeghị Tsiolkovskii, ọ bụ ike ifiọk mbụ usoro nke bụ isi akụkụ nke a agha. Ọzọkwa Kondratjuk kọwara ihe anọ na-ogbo circuit na-esetịpụ ihe oxyhydrogen mmanụ ụgbọala paraboloidal nozulu na engine combustion ulo na a obiab ọnọdụ nke nozzles ndị ọzọ na ndị ọzọ. All nke o kwuru n'akwụkwọ ya "Ndị na-ga na-agụ na-ewu" ke 1919

Key echiche

Na ọrụ ya Kondratyuk aro:

1. Tee ikuku eguzogide n'oge braking rọketi n'oge ụmụ mmanụ ụgbọala aku na uba.
2. Gosi ụgbọ mmiri n'oge ụgbọ elu na mbara ala ndị ọzọ na-agba nke keakamere satellite. N'ihi na ụmụ mmadụ ọdịda ma laghachi ya ọdụ iji a obere ọdịda echichi. A na-amaghị ama emejuputa na mmemme "Apollo".
3. Jiri ndọda ubi si colliding dị na mbara igwe maka dorazgona ma ọ bụ braking mgbe na-efe efe site na mbara igwe. A na-amaghị nke a na-akpọ "na-enye nsogbu kpaa kụrụ ọnụ."

N'otu akwụkwọ Kondratiuk atụle-ekwe omume iji anyanwụ ike na ike na ugboelu si onboard usoro, nakwa dị ka ebe na Earth-agba ya gburugburu nnukwu enyo ìhè n'elu ụwa.

The abụọ na-arụ ọrụ

Na 1929, o dere a akwụkwọ banyere mmeri nke interplanetary ohere. Ọ Kondratiuk akọwa usoro nke mbụ n'ụzọ nke ohere ngagharị, nke a kọwara na ya mbụ ọrụ. Ya mere, na akwụkwọ ọhụrụ, na-ede akwụkwọ chọrọ ka mepụta ọkọnọ nke Satellites n'ime ụwa orbit site a agha na ogbunigwe na usoro. Taa, usoro a na-emejuputa atumatu na ụdị nke iga na ibu n'ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka "Ọganihu". Ọzọkwa n'akwụkwọ Kondratiuk nyochara ajụjụ banyere thermal nchedo ugboelu n'oge ha Ndahie na ikuku.

ebe nchekwa

M na-etinye mgbalị dị ukwuu iji weghachi ezi aha nke Yuri Kondratyuk ya otu na nwanne na mgbe chepụta engineer-ndebe-ha. Lavochkin bi Romanenko. Mgbe ezumike nká ya ji kpamkpam "interplanetary" oru ndi. Na ebe nchekwa nke gbara ọkpụrụkpụ Kondratyuka e kere ọtụtụ ncheta, n'okporo ámá na-aha, agbala echeta mkpụrụ ego. Ya mere, ihe ncheta arụnyere na Poltava, na Komsomolsk (na mahadum). Na Krylovskaya district nke Krasnodar Territory na Art. October, a ncheta ngosi nka nke Kondratyuk. Ebe ọ bụ na 1992, ọ na-aha ya bụ mgbe Novosibirsk Aerospace Lyceum. Na Novosibirsk na Kiev nwere n'okporo ámá Kondratyuk. Na nke ikpeazụ, otu n'ime ụlọ e arụnyere a ncheta e dere ede. Na Ukraine, na oge na-ya guzosie ike Nrite. YU. V. Kondratyuka. Na 1997, ya aha e nyere Poltava tehuniversitetu. Ugbu a, ọ bụ National ụzụ Institute. YU. V. Kondratyuka. Na 1970, aha ya bụ otu n'ime craters na agbara n'akụkụ nke Ọnwa na aha ya bụ. Na isi obodo nke Russia - Moscow - ugbu Str. Kondratyuk, nke bụ akụkụ nke mgbagwoju n'ime-saịtị raara nye ohere ngagharị. Ruo mgbe 1965, a n'okporo ámá a na-akpọ 2nd Novoostankinsky uzo. Na 1997, ke Ukraine sample Jubilee mkpụrụ ego e nyere, na na 2007 - abụọ nzi ozi stampụ na aha Kondratyuk. Street, raara nye nchekwa ọnụ ọgụgụ, na-na Rubtsovsk. Ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na nhazi na nchekwa nke ọka na ngwaahịa. Kamen-na-Obi - obodo e wuru site ama "Mastodon", - na e nwere a n'okporo ámá Kondratyuk. Na waterfront wuru a ncheta na nsọpụrụ nke mmebe. Na 2012, June 21, search engine "Google" logo na-edi na nsọpụrụ nke Kondratyuk. Na 2014, October 18, pụtara ìhè na nkà mmụta sayensị na ogugu ma na mmebe e kuchiri na Alamogordo na gallery nke mba a ma ama. Na Orel, na Bolhovskom District, nke dị n'ókèala ncheta nso obodo wuru a ncheta ịrịba ama Krivtsovo Kondratyuk, onye kwuru nwụrụ ebe a n'oge na-ọbara World War II agha.

ọgwụgwụ

N'agbanyeghị ya pụtara mgbochi Soviet n'oge gara aga, Yuri Kondratyuk mere nnukwu onyinye mmepe nke Russian cosmonautics, engineering, ewu na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọzọ mkpa ndi nke mba. Ya akwụkwọ e n'ọtụtụ ebe ndị bara uru ngwa ọ bụghị nanị na Russia kamakwa ná mba ọzọ. N'ụzọ dị mwute, e nweghị ndị dị otú ahụ ohere maka mmezu nke okike na sayensị nwere na tupu agha afọ. Otú o sina Kondratyuk jisiri ike a otutu oru na emewo ka onye na mmetụta na mba akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site a na; n'uche, oké ike, a oké njọ àgwà na ihe nile nke o mere. Of otu dị mkpa na nke mweghachi nke ebe nchekwa nke ọ bụ ọrụ nke Romanenko. N'ụzọ dị ukwuu ekele ya bịara mara ọtụtụ biographical eziokwu Kondratyuk. Romanenko bipụtara a akwụkwọ raara nye ndụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ya illustrious ọrụ na nwanne-agha. Ọ bụrụ na bụghị maka ọnwụ ya na agha nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, o yiri ka ụwa ga-amụta banyere ọhụrụ nchoputa na rụzuru Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka. Ọtụtụ n'ime ya mmepe na a na-eji na oge.