The isi akụkụ nke ifuru - ọ bụ ... isi akụkụ nke a ifuru: pistil na stamens

Ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ guru karịa 360 puku di iche iche n'etiti okooko osisi. Na okwu a na-okokụre. Okooko osisi na-hụrụ si n'ebe okpomọkụ na tundra - niile onodu ubochi zones nke mbara ala. Ha n'ebe nile: ke desat, oké ọhịa, steppes, marshes na ọdọ mmiri, na n'ụsọ oké osimiri na ugwu. Nke a okooko osisi-eme ka elu nnukwu nke okwu nke Biosphere. Ekele ha, na-emepụta osisi oriri - ọka, ọtụtụ akwụkwọ nri na mkpụrụ osisi, tomato na akụ.

Ihe kacha mkpa mmewere nke angiosperms (okooko nke abụọ aha) bụ a ifuru. The isi akụkụ nke a ifuru - a pistil na stamens. N'ihi na mgbagwoju usoro nke pollination na njikọta spam, ha na-ekere òkè n'ụdị osisi - n'ihu nke ndụ na evolushọn nke osisi na mbara ala.

Ifuru: Ọdịdị na ọrụ

Higher osisi na-mejupụtara mgbọrọgwụ, ị ga na epupụta na okooko osisi, nke na-shortened na gbanwetụrụ azuokokoosisi. Mgbọrọgwụ, na esiwe na epupụta - vegetative na akụkụ na-ahụ maka ibu nke osisi. Ifuru - ịmụ ọmụmụ mmewere nke omumu akụkụ. Na-emekarị, na okooko osisi na-mmasị ka pedicels - ya mere a na-akpọ ọkaibe akụkụ nke azuokokoosisi na-enweghị epupụta. Na ụfọdụ osisi peduncles anọghị ma ọ bụ sonso kwuru. Ọ - sessile okooko osisi. Peduncle kọwakwuru, na-akpụ akpụ n'ime awụnye.

Anyị depụta na ala elu, si peduncle, isi akụkụ nke a ifuru. Nke a awụnye, nke bụ ihe ndabere maka pụrụ isi chọta nke fọdụrụ ọcha nke ifuru. Awụnye nwere ike dị iche iche shapes si conical, dị ka magnolia ka a ụgbọelu (camomile) ma ọ bụ ọbụna concave (rosehips), na-amalite cup, nke na-kpụrụ sepals. ha na-enwekarị green, ma a pụrụ gbaa acha. Calyx nwere ike otu-ahiri ma ọ bụ epicalyx kpụrụ si abụọ gbaa gburugburu nke sepals. Next - na corolla nke ifuru, esịnede petals. Dịgasị iche iche nke ifuru corolla nnukwu: agba, na agba osisi ike, size, ọnụ ọgụgụ, udi, ibe ndokwa, cleavage petals.

Na-eme, ndị sepals na petals-eme ka elu perianth - ekpuchi ifuru. Ụfọdụ okooko osisi na-enweghị petals, ma ọ bụ na ha adịghị si dị iche na sepals. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, ndị perianth bụ mfe; ọ na-akpọ mmadụ abụọ ma ọ bụrụ na e sepal na petals. Perianth - akpali mmasị abụba ifuru. Ọrụ okooko osisi kenyere perianth - nchedo carpel (pistil ma ọ bụ carpel) na nkwa pollination. Bright na agba na mma isi corolla enye ụmụ ahụhụ na ịga na osisi.

The bracts bụ tụụrụ, ọ dịkarịa ala isi nke ifuru. Ọ gynoecium, mfe - na pistil, nke mepụtara ovules na a awụnye maka gametophyte (megaspores). Ọ bụ nwaanyị omumu akụkụ nke ifuru. The bracts na ọ bụ nwoke mmekọahụ ngwa, a bughi unit nke - stamen. Na-eme, na stamens na-akpọ androecium. The stamen anthers kpụrụ microspores. Ha na-emepụta a pollen ọka - nwoke gametophyte.

The isi akụkụ nke a ifuru

The pistil na stamens bụ ihe ndị kacha mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na ha - nkesa nke nwoke na nwaanyị izizi mkpụrụ ndụ. Ọ - gametophytes, a umi nke n'esite na confluence nke mkpụrụ ahụ, na nkpuru nke okooko. Pistil (carpel ziri ezi na-akpọ ya) mejupụtara ndị ovary, a kọlụm (ụfọdụ okooko ya onwe ya bụ bụghị), na ihere. Na ovary e ẹmbrayo nwa na ya lekwasịrị ovules. The n'elu nke na kọlụm na-agwụ na ihere, ebe pollen na-egbu oge. Ọ na-guzobere stamens (mikrosporolistikah). Ahụkarị stamen mejupụtara abụọ akụkụ: na filaments (akpali mmasị, akpali mmasị akụkụ) na a tụụrụ anther (ọmụmụ) ọrụ.

Monoecious na dioecious

About 75% nke umu nke angiosperms bụ hermaphroditic (hermaphroditic) okooko osisi - na ha nwere ma stamens na pistils. Ndị a osisi na-monoecious (atụ - oka). E nwere osisi nke ụfọdụ ndị - na naanị staminate okooko osisi, na ndị ọzọ - na pistillate. Ha na-akpọ dioecious (atụ - hemp).

The usoro nke pollination

Ihe kachasi mkpa bụ ka kụrụ pollination nke pollen na ihere nke stamens. Ọ nwere ike na-onwe-pollination, kpochapụwo atụ nke na-hụrụ na Baịbụl ekwughị okooko osisi (ụfọdụ iche iche nke Violets, ahụekere, barley). The abụọ usoro - cross-pollination na-adị ọtụtụ okooko. Ụfọdụ na-ebu nke pollen: ifufe, mmiri, ụmụ ahụhụ, ndanda, nnụnụ.

abụọ njikọta

Na confluence nwoke gametes (spam) si nwanyi gamete (oocyte) njikọta emee. Iji mee nke a, i kwesịrị na ihere, ooh nnyapade ụtọ mmiri mmiri, pulitere pollen stamens. Na pulitere mote amalite na-eto eto pollen tube - a nnọọ ogologo ma na nnọọ mkpa. Ọ penetrates n'ime ovary nso ovules. Ná ngwụsị nke abụọ akpa mmasị spam. Ovule, esịnede nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-azụlite n'ime ovary. The egg bụ nso pyltsevhodu, nke penetrates pyltsetrubka. Mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ, nke abụọ, nke dị na etiti nke ovary. Pyltsetrubka-achịkwaghị achịkwa na ma spam si ya. Otu abatakwa cytoplasm na ntọala fuuz na egg, na ndị ọzọ - penetrates n'ime abụọ cell. Njikọta emee na egg-amalite iji kewaa ugboro ugboro, nke na-amalite izizi nke osisi. The abụọ cell ka ịmụpụta na-amalite na-eke na-etolite na endosperm - pantiri idobere ọkọnọ maka ẹmbrayo. Nke a Nleta a mkpụrụ.

Nkenke banyere ọrụ nke okooko osisi

Okooko osisi na osisi nke mbara ala ogide a kasị ọnọdụ ya mmepe, nakwa dị ka n'etiti mammals fauna. Nzube nke ihe nile dị ndụ - ịgbatị ezinụlọ ha, ka ike ya n'ihu. Otu ọkụ n'obi na okooko. Ha omumu akụkụ, na-arụ ọrụ nke mmeputakwa, bụ okooko osisi. The isi akụkụ nke ifuru - a gynoecium (pestle) na androecium (stamen) nke na-etolite mmekọahụ mkpụrụ ndụ - gametes. Na okooko osisi mgbe pollination nwere mmekọahụ - copulation nke gametes. Dị ka a n'ihi nke abụọ njikọta spam nke ovules nke ovary amalite na anụ ahụ nke osisi na a idobere nke nri. Nke a bụ - mmalite nke ndụ ọhụrụ nke ọgbọ na ezinụlọ nke okooko osisi.