The isi ihe nke RSE. N'otu obodo usoro mgbochi na liquidation nke ọnọdụ mberede

Ọnwụ sọ mkpa maka muta na Russia na mba ndị ọzọ e tụziri site ngwa abawanye na-eru agha egwu, mmepe na-aga n'ihu mma nile di iche iche nke ngwá agha.

Ihe atụ, na oge agha na post-agha oge site na mpaghara na-azara ọnụ (art EMERCOM of Russia) e bụghị naanị zọpụta ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala na oge nke ogbunigwe na ikuku etiwapụ megide ndị iro, tutu amama blockages, jikoro e na isi oru nke ndị bi na, defused unexploded shells na bombs, sụrụ ụlọ na ụlọ, ma weghachiri eweghachi Sewerage na mmiri, ike ọkọnọ edoghi na nkwukọrịta, iwu posts, na ndị ọzọ.

Legislative akụkụ na ekele nchedo nke mba ndị bi na ókèala ya site ọnọdụ mberede

N'ihi na oge mbụ na mba anyị, dị ka Iwu nke Russian Federation № 261 si 18.04.1992 nke afọ: "On oruru nke Russian ịdọ aka ná ntị usoro na mberede omume", ndị kwekọrọ ekwekọ usoro e guzobere maka mgbochi nke nile di iche iche nke Mberede na na oge agha na na peacetime, ha liquidation bụrụ na nke omume, dị ka nke ọma dị ka iji hụ zuru nchekwa nke bi, keukwu nchedo nke gburugburu ebe obibi na belata mmebi nke aku na uba.

Mgbe e mesịrị, nzukọ na iwu norms nke Russian Federation na-achịkwa nchedo nke ndị bi na ọnọdụ mberede, nakwa dị ka ikuku, mmiri na ala ohere, gburugburu ebe obibi na-elekọta mmadụ na ụlọ ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ, na-usoro Federal Iwu "On nchedo nke bi na ókèala si ọnọdụ mberede nke eke na mmadụ mere agwa »№ 68-FZ, dere 21. 12. 1994

Ụdi ogbugbu nke iwu a rụpụtara na doo nke RF Government Iwu № 1113 nke 11.05.1995, "Na edo ala usoro mgbochi na liquidation nke ọnọdụ mberede", nke na-anakwere ụkpụrụ na mmekọrita RSE. Ọ na-ekpebisi ike nke doziri nsogbu ọnwụ sọ, ụkpụrụ nke na-ewu nke n'otu usoro, ihe ndị mejupụtara nke akụ na-amanye iji nke na mmekọrịta nke isi bughi ọcha. Ke ofụri ofụri, ọnọdụ nke njikwa, usoro na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a otu.

Key okwu na ọnwụ sọ

Emergency ọnọdụ - a ụfọdụ ọnọdụ na a akpan akpan ebe na azụlitewo ruru ka ihe mberede, ọdachi, ize ndụ omume nke eke si, eke ma ọ bụ ọdachi ndị ọzọ, ndị na-esi nke bụ (ga-) ihe ndị e mebiri mmadụ ahụ ike ma ọ bụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, àjà mmadụ, ụdị nke imebi na ekele ọnọdụ nke eligibility nke ndụ ndị mmadụ, ịrịba ihe onwunwe funahụrụ.

Prevention nke mberede - ọtụtụ set of tupu ẹdude eme iji na n'ibelata ihe ize ndụ nke ha omume, ichebe ụmụ mmadụ ọrịa, mbenata mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi, ịrịba ihe onwunwe funahụrụ.

Liquidation nke-esi nke ọnọdụ mberede - ụdị nke mberede arụmọrụ nnapụta uwa, nke na-enwe na ikpe nke na mberede. Ha na-elekwasị anya na-ichebe ụmụ mmadụ ọrịa, na-azọpụta ndụ, na-ebelata ihe onwunwe weere na ókè mbibi eke gburugburu ebe obibi, nakwa dị ka orunótu nke ebe (zones) nke mberede.

Ọdachi - ohere ebe mberede eketịbede, na nke a ọzọ bụ mgbe nile akara.

Mgbaru ọsọ na nzube ọnwụ sọ

First adade ke atọ ntụziaka:

• na-egbochi ntoputa na ụdi development nke mberede;
• mbenata mmebi kpatara ha;
• a set nke jikoro iji na mkpochapu ọnọdụ mberede.

The isi ihe aga-eme ọnwụ sọ:

1. The mmepe na kwesịrị ekwesị ogbugbu nke akụ na ụba na iwu norms metụtara huu full nchedo nke mba ndị bi na ókèala ya si na mmetụta nke ọdachi.

2. Mmejuputa nke na nkà mmụta sayensị, teknuzu na ezubere iche maka omume na-gbochie ọnọdụ mberede, ike ịrụ ọrụ nke oru, ụlọ ọrụ na òtù (na-enweghị banyere nzukọ ha na iwu forms), ha nọ n'okpuru na-elekọta mmadụ ụlọ ọrụ, maka mmepụta nzube na mberede.

3. ịkọ na analysis nke ọhaneze na aku na uba na akụkụ nke na-akpata nsogbu mberede.

4. Huu full readiness na-ebu ụfọdụ omume na mberede management ụlọ ọrụ, ego na-agha e mere maka ha ngwa ngwa anya ma ụdi liquidation nke ndị na-esi ha kpatara.

5. International co-operation na ekele nchedo nke mba ndị bi na ókèala ya si na mmetụta nke ọdachi.

6. Mmejuputa ndị dị otú mgbagwoju omume ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka collection, arụmọrụ nhazi, mgbanwe na ụdi ntọhapụ nke ihe ọmụma banyere otú iji mejuputa bi nchedo n'ọnọdụ mberede.

7. Nkwadebe nke ụmụ amaala na-ụfọdụ omume n'ime kpuchie nke ihe mberede.

8. Mepụta ndị dị mkpa mee nke dị iche iche ego na ga-hụ mkpochapu esi nke na ọnọdụ mberede.

9. Iduziri ala-elekọta, na-achịkwa na nnyocha nke nchebe nke mba ndị bi na ókèala ya si na mmetụta nke ọdachi.

10. The liquidation nke ọnọdụ mberede.

11.-esi a set nke jikoro (akwalite ọdịmma ndị mmadụ edinam) na ekele na-elekọta mmadụ nchebe nke ụmụ amaala ọdachi ahụ metụtara.

12. The mmejuputa iwu nke obodo ikike na ọrụ n'ime kpuchie nke nchebe nke ndị bi na ókèala ya si mmetụta mere site mberede.

Nsogbu edozi ọnwụ sọ, bụ a mkpa na ebe niile. Ha nlezianya tụlee na-adọ egbu adabere ọtụtụ ndụ, nakwa dị ka ókèala, odida nke nke nwere ike irreversible.

Ọnwụ sọ mgbaru ọsọ na nzube ga-mgbe niile gbanwee dị na ẹdude mmadụ mere na mmadụ mere ọnọdụ ná mba. Emergency ịdọ aka ná ntị - isi ntụziaka nke ọrụ.

Ọnwụ sọ: Ọdịdị, ihe aga-eme na ọrụ

Ya Ọdịdị na-anọchi anya territorial na ọtọ subsystems, kwuru na ise etoju nke na-na saịtị, obodo, nke ókèala, na mpaghara na gọọmenti etiti.

Territorial subsystems na-kpụrụ n'ime ókèala ndị Russian Federation na-achị iji gbochie na ụdi liquidation nke ọnọdụ mberede. Ha na-agụnye ụfọdụ nkeji nke izu oke nke ndutịm nkewa nke a n'ókèala.

Ma ọtọ subsystems, ha na-etolite na gọọmenti etiti ọchịchị na e kenyere ha ndi nke na aku na uba na iji hazie ihe omume maka nchebe nke mba ndị bi na ókèala ya si na mmetụta nke ọdachi.

Onye ọ bụla dị larịị nke usoro nwere ndị na-esonụ aru (RSE unit):

• nchikota;
• kwa management;
• Management of Civil Defense na Ọnọdụ Mberede;

Ọzọkwa, na-ọ bụla nke na-agụnye: ndị dị mkpa ụzọ na-agha, bú mee nke dị iche iche ihe onwunwe, ịdọ aka ná ntị usoro, nkwurịta okwu na ozi na usoro.

Security na Mberede

Nzọụkwụ mbụ bụ na-akọwa nke a echiche.

Safety na mberede - bụ ike zuru ezu maka ụmụ amaala niile, akụ na ụba entities na eke na gburugburu ebe obibi site na ụdị nile nke ihe ize ndụ na mberede. Ọ bụ nke ọtụtụ iche.

Ụdị nke nche na mberede

Ọ bụ:

• ọku;
• radieshon;
• gburugburu ebe obibi;
• seismic;
• ulo oru;
• ndu;
• chemical.

Safety na mberede nwekwara ike nkewa na oru ngo:

• bi;
• na gburugburu ebe obibi;
• aku na uba na zaa.

Ọbọ a ụdị nke nche na-rụrụ site n'aka mgbochi, gbochie ma ọ bụ ịkwụsịlata mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọdachi.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian Ministry of Ọnọdụ Mberede

Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Civil Defense (04.10.2010 - afọ 78). Oge nke ya guzobere na-atụle 10.4.1932, mgbe USSR Council of Ndị mmadụ Commissars nakweere a "Regulation na ikuku agbachitere USSR", nke jikoro na-mbụ chọpụtara na kpọmkwem n'aka na ekele ozugbo nchedo ụmụ amaala nile nke mba na ókèala ya. Nke a bụ nke mbụ a na ogbo nke mmepe nke ala usoro a na ubi (ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke Obodo Air Defense). Na 1961, e kpebiri iji tọghata MoEHE na-aga.

Ọnwụ sọ (ọrụ ma na-aga-eme nke anyị na-atụle) - bụ n'ihi idegharị ochie echiche na nchedo nke mba ndị bi na ókèala ya si ụdị nile nke ndi-iro-(gụnyere ike iji ngwá agha ọgwụrụ).

December 27, 1990 ji doo nke RSFSR Council nke Ozi Mkpebi № 606 "On guzobe nke Russian agha nke rescuers na Rights nke RSFSR State Committee." Nke a ụbọchị - ụbọchị ahụ mgbe Ministry of Ọnọdụ Mberede nke Russia e tọrọ ntọala (mgbe e mesịrị - Day nnapụta Russian Federation).

January 10, 1994 Russian EMERCOM ghọọ a oge a Russian Ministry maka Civil Defense, Mberede na Mkpochapu akpata Natural Ọdachi, nke a họpụtara Minister Sergei Shoigu.

Na December 9, 1992 nke mbụ agadi Central obodo agbachitere ọmụmụ na ghọọ nke ugbu a Academy nke EMERCOM of Russia maka Civil Protection (unitary alụmdi na-enweghị analogues na ụwa).

Ya mere, anyị nwere ike ikwu na kpụrụ nke ugbu a ịma aka na ọnwụ sọ Ọdịdị sitere si oge MoEHE.

Ego na mgbalị ọnwụ sọ

The isi ihe nke RSE, nke e depụtara n'elu, na-agụnye a nkebiahiri na ekele huu full readiness mejuputa a usoro nke omume na mberede management ụlọ ọrụ, ego na mgbalị e mere iji gbochie ha arụmọrụ na ụdi liquidation nke ndị na-esi ha kpatara.

E nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị nke n'elu-esi na-agha:

1. Kwuru na nlekota:

• nlekọta (maka ala boilers, nuklia ike, eletriki na gas pipelines, àkwà mmiri, wdg ...);
• Control na Nnyocha Service (Ministry of Environment);
• oru na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na nyochaa ahụ ike nke nwere ize ndụ akpọkwa, eke na gburugburu ebe obibi;
• Veterinary Service;
• surveillance na laabu akara netwọk (SNLK);
• inyocha nri quality, nri na ihe onwunwe;
• ịdọ aka ná ntị ozi maka ọdachi.

2. The mkpochapu ọnọdụ mberede:

• Ministry nke mberede, ndị uwe ojii na knife (ha nkeji, akụkụ, na njikọ);
• ndị na-abụghị ndị agha formations nke obodo agbachitere;
• n'aka na agha nke ọzọ ngalaba na ministri, ọchịchị (na ókèala ndị Russian Federation).

Àgwà na-eme nke usoro

Anyị na-anọgide ele ọnwụ sọ. Structure, ihe aga-eme na ọrụ ya bụ ihe kasị mkpa nke Nat usoro. Security nke Russian Federation.

Ya isi azụmahịa edoghi bụ:

1. Development amụma na ekele na steeti iwu banyere nchebe nke mba ndị bi na ókèala ya site ọnọdụ mberede, ha na-adọ mmejuputa. Ọrụ a na-gburu njikwa ọnụ na agha na-esi n'aka na mba (mbụ, nsogbu a na-edozi site ha piecemeal).

2. Management of arụ ọrụ oge nke usoro. Na-achị isi nke Russian Mberede Ministry akwado, na-achịkwa ọrụ nke ala ozu na obodo onwe-ọchịchị n'ime kpuchie nke nsogbu. Iji melite arụmọrụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ na-eme, Russia ọchịchị guzobere a collegial management ahu - nke Inter-Ozi Commission maka igbochi na mkpochapu ọnọdụ mberede, nke na-emekọ na cross-ọnwụ iwu na mpaghara ebe a. Ya mkpebi na-ekechikwa na gọọmenti etiti ozu Executive ike nke RF-achị. The bughi ihe nke RSE, ọrụ a na-rụrụ site Civil Defense ọchịchị na Commission on Ọnọdụ Mberede.

3. The akara na e mere iji hụ kwesịrị ekwesị nnabata ya na mkpa iwu omume, iche iche iwu, ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ ndị dị na okirikiri nke nchedo mberede gọọmenti etiti Executive ozu, ya na ozu nke RF achị, òtù na obodo ọchịchị. Na gọọmenti etiti larịị, ọrụ a na-rụrụ site Ọnọdụ Mberede Ministry.

4. Production ọrụ, nke bụ na-ebu mgbochi iji na mgbochi nke ọnọdụ mberede, mbenata ha size, na-ebelata mmebi na ọnwụ nke ha na ya pụta na mberede arụmọrụ nnapụta direction iwepụ ụdị pụta.

5. All ụdị mmezi nke ọrụ na-ewere otu usoro (logistical, ego, wdg). Ndokwa na-mkpa iji kpochapụ mmetụta nke mberede ihe onwunwe gụnyere nri ngwaọrụ, nri, engineering, uwe na ọgwụ property, n'aka nke nkwurịta okwu na-esi n'aka iga, ọgwụ, na mmanụ ụgbọala, ụlọ ihe, onye Chemicals na radieshon nchedo, wdg ...

6. International imekọ ihe ọnụ. Ọ na-kwupụtara openness na Russian ọnwụ sọ ezubere iche mwekota na ụwa abụrụ usoro mgbochi na liquidation nke mberede soro. Cooperation na-emejuputa atumatu site contracts na ndị ọzọ na mba ngwá, mmepe nke a na nkwonkwo nkwado iwu na ekele okwu nke ibe ma ọ bụ n'ìgwè mmasị, nakwa dị ka eme na pụrụ iche òtù mba na òtù.

EMERCOM of Russia: ebumnobi na-eme

Ọnwụ sọ isi ihe aga-eme kenyere a Ministry, nwere ike na-grouped n'ime ebe abụọ:

1. Development nke amụma n'ihi na ọha na eze na atumatu n'ime DPP, na mgbochi na mmechi nke mberede soro.
2. Elekọta na huu kwesịrị ekwesị ịrụ ọrụ nke usoro (RSE) na mberede bụghị naanị na n'oge agha, kamakwa peacetime.

Agaghị enwe n'ekpere na otu ugboro ọzọ mesie ya ike na ihe ndị bụ isi ebumnobi na Ọdịdị ọnwụ sọ kwuru n'ụzọ doro anya na mbụ kwuru na gọọmenti etiti iwu na ekele nchedo nke ụmụ amaala nke Russia na ókèala ya si na mmetụta nke ọdachi.

Principles of kere eke nke usoro, na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ ugbu a ọnọdụ na mba

Firstly, na ọ na-, n'ezie, mkpa ime na a mbara obibia na usoro nke guzobere usoro (ajụjụ nke anthropogenic na eke si ọdachi, ha nkebi nke mmepe na ya pụta, guzogide nye ha na ndị chọrọ nọmba nke ndị keere òkè).

Nke abuo, na-ude, n'ihi ya, na-ekwu okwu, "a na-abụghị-zero ize ndụ" (eziokwu na ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji kpochapụ ihe ize ndụ nke ọdachi ke kpuchie nke dị iche iche nwere egwu).

Thirdly, n'ime na ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke mgbochi banyere nchekwa (ịdọ aka ná ntị) (na kacha ekwe omume Mbelata ke gbasara nke puru omume a ọdachi na Ịhazi mgbochi).

Ụdịdị nke ime na-ewere otu usoro

Dabere na ugbu a ọnọdụ e nwere atọ ụdịdị:

1. Ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide (ọ bụrụhaala na ụlọ ọrụ nile dịnụ na ndị agha RSES dị ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ọ bụla):

• A na-enyocha ọnọdụ dị ugbu a na gburugburu ebe obibi na ịkọwapụta ihe gbasara mberede;
• Nhazi, nhazi na ndokwa nke mgbagwoju anya nke mmegide nke ndị DAC na ndị nlekọta na-ahụ maka ọgba aghara;
• Nchịkọta, nhazi na mgbanwe ndị ọzọ gbasara nchebe nke obodo dum na ókèala ya site na ọnọdụ mberede, hụ na nchekwa ọkụ zuru ezu;
• Nkwado nke ihe omuma banyere nchebe nke onu ogugu obodo a na n'ókèala ya ma o buru na mberede;
• Nhazi nke e guzobere, nhazi, nchekwa, nchịkọta oge ndị dị ugbu a, dị mkpa iji mepụta mmiri na-akpata nsogbu mberede.

2. Ịbawanyewanye njikere (iyi egwu mberede):

• tightening achịkwa mgbanwe na steeti nke gburugburu ebe obibi, ịkọ mmalite na ókè nke mmebi si ọdachi;
• Usoro na-aga n'ihu na nchịkọta, nhazi ma na-ebufe ndị agha RPSS na ndịọrụ ahụ maka ihe ọmụma banyere ihe mberede ndị nwere nsogbu, na-agwa ụmụ amaala banyere ụzọ na ụzọ nchebe n'ọnọdụ ndị a;
• Nzaghachi ngwa ngwa (igbochi mmalite na mmepe nke mberede);
• Nkọwa nke atụmatụ na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ gbasara mgbochi na mmiri mmiri nke ihe kpatara nsogbu mberede;
• Na-eduzi (ma ọ bụrụ na ọre dị ka ihe dị mkpa) mkpochapu ihe.

3. Ọnọdụ ọnọdụ mberede (ihe mberede nke mberede na njikwa mmiri arụ ọrụ):

• Nlekota na-aga n'ihu nke ọnọdụ dị ugbu a nke gburugburu ebe obibi, mmejuputa amụma amụma;
• Nkọwa nke ụmụ amaala na ndị nlekọta banyere ọnọdụ mberede emerụrụ;
• Nchịkọta na-aga n'ihu, nhazi (nyocha) na mgbanwe data banyere ọnọdụ dị ugbu a na mpaghara mberede na ụzọ isi kpochapụ ya;
• Imezu ihe mgbagwoju anya nke nchedo ndi mmadu nile nke obodo a na mpaghara ya site na nsogbu;
• Nhazi ma na-aga n'ihu na-emekọrịta ihe niile ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ dị ugbu a na-agbaso ihe ụfọdụ iji kpochapụ nsogbu nke ọnọdụ mberede;
• Na-eme ihe ndị dị mkpa banyere nkwado ndụ zuru oke nke ndị bi na ọnọdụ ọnọdụ mberede ugbu a.

Nhazi nke mberede na-adabere n'ókè nke mgbasa na oke nhụjuanya ha

A nabatara ya ịtọye:

• Omume mpaghara na ọnọdụ ọnọdụ mberede (mmetụta nke ihe dị egwu na ebe iyi egwu mberede na-anọgide n'ime saịtị mmepụta, nke nwere ike ịme ngwa ngwa na ikike).
• Obodo (mmetụta nke ihe ndị na-emebi emebi na ebe isi ọnọdụ ọnọdụ mberede nọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime mpaghara ebe a)
• Ókèala (mmetụta nke ihe ndị pụtara ìhè na isi iyi nke mberede na-anọgide n'ime otu isiokwu: mba, mpaghara, ógbè ahụ, akwụkwọ kwụ ọtọ);
• Mpaghara mpaghara (mmetụta nke ihe ndị pụtara ìhè na ihe ọkụkụ nke mberede na-emetụta ọtụtụ isiokwu RF);
• Federal (mmetụta nke ihe dị ịrịba ama na isi iyi nke ES na-ekpuchi site na ihe anọ RF ma ọ bụ karịa);
• Global (mmetụta nke ihe na-emerụ ahụ na isi iyi nke mberede na-agafe ala).

Ya mere, ichikota ihe niile dị n'elu, ọ gaghị adị oke ume iji mesie ike ọzọ na iji nlezianya rụọ ọrụ ndị dị mkpa nke RPSS na mmejuputa mmezi ha na-enwe ike igbochi ọdịda mbibi dị iche iche na mberede, ma, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, mee ngwa ngwa mee ka ha nweta nsogbu.