The Jewish Autonomous Region. Capital, kaadị, foto

May 7, 1934 na mkpebi nke Central Executive Kọmitii, nke kere ndị Juu Autonomous Region. Ọnọdụ ya e nyere Birobidzhan mpaghara.

Akụkọ nke

Priamurja n'ókèala kemgbe oge ochie bi site onwe ha ebo nwere obere nọmba. Ndị a bụ ndị Tungus, Daur na duchers. Russian ndị mmadụ malitere inyocha ala a ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke 17. The kwalitere a bụ mkpọsa Vasiliya Poyarkova, nke weere ọnọdụ na June 1644 Russian mmetụta na Amur region sikwuo Erofey Khabarov. Mgbe ya mkpọsa, ala a na-nwayọọ nwayọọ na esonye Russian ala.

Mgbe mgbanwe nke 1917 ọchịchị ọhụrụ kpebiri iji na-adọta ndị Juu bi na-arụpụta ọrụ ma malite ịchọ n'ókèala o obibi. Ndú Soviet chère èchìchè a plan site nke ndị Juu Autonomous Region nwere na-kere. A mkpebi, ihe ndị ọzọ, nwere a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị akụkụ. Ihe e kere eke nke dị otú ahụ kwurula region bụ ka mma idina ndị West, nke n'oge ahụ na-aghọta na-eto eto na ala. Ke adianade do, mmepe nke Far East nke USSR dị mkpa, nke a na kpọrọ egwu site na Japanese.

Mkpebi na mmezi nke ndị Juu nọ na Amur Region ohere iputa ala e weere 28/03/1928 na CEC Presidium. 20.08.1930 nke otu Soviet ikike agbala a mkpebi na guzobe nke Birobidzhan district, nke bụ akụkụ nke Far Eastern mpaghara. The center nke a ndutịm unit bụ ebe Tikhonkaya. Na 1931 ọ e renamed na Birobidzhan mmezi. Dịtụ mgbe e mesịrị, na district ọnọdụ a gbanwee. On ya n'ókèala ndị Juu Autonomous Region e guzobere. Legislatively ofu na mkpebi May 7, 1934 mkpebi nke Central Executive Committee nke USSR.

ọdịdị ala

The Jewish Autonomous Region na-emi odude ke akụkụ ebe ndịda nke Russian Far Eastern n'ókèala. Ya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ya bụ n'akụkụ aka Amur Region, na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - na Khabarovsk Territory. N'ebe ndịda nke ndị Juu kwurula region ekwekọ n'àgwà nke ndị obodo ókè-ala nke Russia. Ọ na-agba tinyere Amur River, n'ofè nke ala China.

Jewish obodo kwụụrụ nwere ebe 36,3 puku square kilomita. On 01.01.2015, na ókèala nke ndị bi na ya nke 168 puku. Bi. Birobidzhan obodo bụ a mpaghara etiti nke district.

Canaan

The e guzobere ọhụrụ obodo kwụụrụ ga-eziokwu ahụ bụ na revival nke Ọkaakaa n'ókèala ndị Juu bi. Ntoputa nke district emewo ka ebighị nke mwubata nke mbata na ọpụpụ si mba ọzọ. Ya-adịgide adịgide obibi na Far East họọrọ banyere narị asaa ndị si Lithuania na Argentina, Latvia, France, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Palestine na United States.

All nke a na-egosi na ndị ọchịchị Soviet mkpebi mere nnọọ a na; omume n'ógbè ndị Juu. Nke a abụghị ihe ijuanya. The ogologo ntachi obi ndị mmadụ ṅụrịrị ọṅụ ekenyela ya n'ókèala ya na oru na ya a amalitekwa ghọọ mba kwụụrụ.

ebe

City Birobidzhan otú sonorous aha natara site aha mmadụ abụọ obodo osimiri eru nso - Bira na Bijan. On n'ikpere mmiri nke mbụ, ma na-elu center nke e guzobere ọhụrụ kwurula mpaghara. Birobidzhan na map pụrụ ịchọta n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Bijan River. Ọ na-agba yiri Bireh na-emi odude a narị kilomita site n'obodo. Ọ bụ kwuru na a osimiri abụọ igba n'ime ndị dike Amur.

Birobidzhan na map nke Russia bụ otu n'ime ụgbọ nke Trans-Siberia Railway. Ọ e ji na-idi nso ókè na China (niile 75 kilomita).

Adọrọ Mmasị EAO isi obodo

Main Street Birobidzhan aha mgbe Sholom Aleichem. Na ókèala nke ogige ya bụ a ncheta ama Juu dere. Nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ dvuhmetrovaya ọla kọpa udo Aleikhem (Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich) emi odude na nkume isi. Chọọ ncheta nke ọla Bas-tụrụ, nke na-egosi ngosi onye dere kọwara ndụ nke ndị Juu.

Ọ bụghị nnọọ site ncheta bụ Regional Museum, onye ngosi bụ oge a na nkà. Ke ogige nke a alụmdi nwere ike-enwe mmasị eserese dịkọrọ ndụ nka, dere na isiokwu nke ndị Old Testament. Ka ụbọchị, a collection nwere banyere abụọ narị mkpụrụ ụdị dị iche iche, ndị edemede bụ nka ọtụtụ n'ógbè Russia.

The isi obodo nke ndị Juu Autonomous District awade ọbịa na ndị bi n'obodo ahụ na-anụ ụtọ ọrụ nke okike otu nke mpaghara philharmonic ọha mmadụ. Na nke a center nke na nkà na omenala nke ndị Juu Autonomous Region emejuputa a-akpali nnọọ mmasị okike oru na embody na iri isii nka nke dị iche iche Genres.

Construction Philharmonic ụlọ e dechara na 1984 na ugbu a nnukwu egwu ulo na obi ụtọ na-eleta na narị asaa nkiri. Ala arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ na-kere maka okike ìgwè. M nwere ịlụ na ụlọ ọrụ ohere, mgbakwasa ụlọ, ndị kasị oge a ụda, ìhè na video ntule na usoro ke ụlọ.

The mpaghara philharmonic ememme ndị Juu na Slavic omenala. Bịa ebe a na Betel ma ama Russian na mba ọzọ soloists na ọkachamara iche iche.

Otu n'ime omenala nkiri nke Birobidzhan bụ Regional Museum. Ọ bụ omume na-mara nke ọma na ihe ndị mere ndị Juu obodo kwụụrụ, nke pụtara a afọ ole na ole tupu ala nke Israel. Na Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze na nke ngosi bụ ihe na akwụkwọ na-atụgharị uche ndị mere ntoputa na mmepe nke obodo. Ọ na-eji ihe akaebe doro nke omenala na ụba na rụzuru, nke obụrede mbụre District. The ngosi nka emi odude nso synagogue na Lenin Street.

Ọbịa nwere ike inyocha Birobidzhan na mbụ nkume chọọchị, wuru na mpaghara. Ọ Annunciation Cathedral, nke e dechara na 2004 ndị na-ewu

Awesome na gburugburu ebe obibi gị n'ụlọnga nwere ike ịbụ mpako nke ndị Juu Autonomous Region. Birobidzhan awade ọbịa na ndị bi n'obodo ahụ gara arboretum. Na n'ókèala sara nke 19 hectare akọ pụrụ iche collection of osisi. Nke a oké ọrụ a na-eme iji na-eme ka osisi ego na mpaghara, nakwa dị ka akụ na ụba, muta, izi na nkà mmụta sayensị na-eme. Nke a ogige bụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi mpako nke ndị Juu Autonomous Region. ebe map na-egosi na ọ bụ a na mpaghara nke mbuaha coniferous-deciduous ọhịa. Ọ bụ ya mere a dịgasị iche iche nke osisi na nwa afọ na arboretum. E nwekwara osisi. Ma, n'agbanyeghị nke a, ọ bụla n'afọ n'ime ogige mere ọdịda cedar seedlings, fir na spruce.

Maka ọbịa a pụrụ iche ebe mmụta, n'oge nke ị pụrụ ịhụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụdị osisi. Special ụzọ ụkwụ ụzọ dabeere na a ugwu, nke awade ịtụnanya echiche nke ridges Uldury, Bastak, Shuah-pokto. Yana ókè nke ogige bụ obere ponds. Ndị bi na ha bụ obere invertebrates, frogs na Far East Siberia salamander.

Na Birobidzhan ndepụta nke na-adọrọ na-:

- Lenin ncheta wuru na n'ihu ụlọ ebe a na-emi odude na Provincial Government;
- stele wuru n'ọnụ ụzọ obodo ahụ, bụ ebe e nwere ihe ịrịba ama ma na Russian na Yiddish;
- a ncheta na nsọpụrụ nke mbụ nke ndị Juu ndị ọsụ ụzọ na square n'ihu ebe;

- a isi-iyi na a Jewish menorah;
- ncheta na ebighị ebi ire ọkụ na ebe nchekwa nke ndị bi onye nwụrụ n'oge Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya;
- banye n'Ụlọ Ekpere Orthodox achị Icon nke Nne nke Chineke, wuru n'ime ogige nke Victory;
- EC-3 tank, n'ịnyịnya dị ka a ncheta ke 2005.;
- n'ụlọ nzukọ;
- ọkpụkpụ ndị Juu violin na stele na chere echiche kwuo na Philharmonic;
- Church of Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, mere nke osisi na 1998-99.

oge mpaghara

N'ihi na eziokwu na na Far East, na a bukwanu anya si isi obodo nke Russia bụ ndị Juu kwurula na mpaghara, mgbe ọ na-gbanwere na-akwanyere Moscow na 7 am. Nke a oge mpaghara nke mba ọkọlọtọ kwuru na dị ka VLAT / VLAST (Vladivostok Oge Mpaghara). Na-akwanyere Greenwich pụtara oge bụ a mgbanwe nke 11 awa.

ihu igwe

The Jewish Autonomous Region emi odude ke otu ebe na-adịkwaghị akọrọ na oyi, nakwa dị ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ summers. Ọ bụ a na mpaghara nke ọnọdụ mmiri udu idụhe mpaghara. Site ya eke ọnọdụ EAO bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị mma ebe nke Far East. Atụmatụ idụhe zones ike magburu onwe ọnọdụ ebe a maka mmepe nke herbal na ọhịa ahịhịa na-akọ ugbo kụrụ akụ.

More siri ike ihu igwe nke ebe ugwu ókèala ndị district bụ dị iche iche. Ebe a nwekwara ụfọdụ ebe nke permafrost. Na ndịda, eke ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ mma maka ndụ.

The nkezi okpomọkụ na January EAO ebe àmà site 21 ruo 26 degrees Celsius. Na July, ikuku dị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na 18-21 ogo. Nkezi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke outliers na a afọ ọdịda àmà site 500 na 800 mm.

omenala

Jewish Autonomous Region (Far Eastern Federal District) nwere ya pụrụ iche nje ọgụ. Nke a bụ ihe kasị tụụrụ ókèala ndị Amur region bụ tụụrụ n'ala maka mmepe nke nkà na omenala. Ọ bụ ndị kasị ochie ndị Juu Autonomous Region na Far East edemede studio. Site ná mgbalị nke ndị so na ya na-bipụtara anthologies dị ka "Birobidzhan" na "na-eche nche."

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa omenala ihe na mpaghara - e kere eke nke State Jewish Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Ke 1970, meghere na Birobidzhan Jewish Chamber Musical Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Obere oge, ya arụmọrụ malitere ụtọ kiriri na a popet nkiri na ensemble nke-akpọ violin.

eke ego

Na n'ebe ugwu nke ndị Juu kwurula na mpaghara, nakwa dị ka na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ridges na-emi odude Pompeevskogo, Sutarskoye, Lesser Hinggan na akpali Bureya riiji. Hills na ókèala ndị Juu Autonomous Region, na ebe ndịda ya mkpọda na-kpuchie na deciduous ọhịa. N'akuku Ugwu nke a ugwu nta na-eto eto tumadi coniferous osisi. Na ndị a n'akụkụ nwere ike hụrụ honey suckle, na anụ vine, na Manchurian ukpa. Ọ na-eto ebe a ọbụna okwuchi.

Na ókèala nke ndị Juu Autonomous Region nwere a pụrụ iche na-echebe ebe. Nke a bụ ihe karịrị puku narị atọ hectare na a idobere, ndị ezinụlọ mee, ihe fọrọ nke nta atọ na iri na abuo eke ncheta.

Amazing na ya mara mma osisi nwere ike hụrụ na ihu n'elu mmiri ozu. Na okpomọkụ ya blooms Komarov Lotus. Ya nnukwu, na a nwa palm, ọchịchịrị pink petals na-achọ mmiri.

The pụrụ iche geological Ọdịdị nke ókèala nke ndị Juu Autonomous Region-enye gị ohere ka amụma banyere achọta ebe a nke mmanụ na gold ore, gas na nkume phosphate, ornamental na n'ihu nkume, platinum na diamonds. Na ugbu a, e na-aga n'ihu mmepụta nke ígwè na manganese ore, talc na magnesite, peat na aja aja na coal, ọhụrụ na Thermo-ịnweta ọgwụ mmiri.

ndutịm nkewa

The Presidium nke Kasị Elu Council ya Mkpebi, bipụtara na 1991, kpoputara ndị Juu Autonomous Region si Khabarovsk Territory, na-eme ya otu nọọrọ onwe ha kwadoro. Na 2006, ndị ọzọ ọchịchị mgbanwe e rụrụ. N'ihi ya, na ise na distrikti e kewara ndị Juu Autonomous District. Obodo na ite ole na ole. Naanị ha abụọ. Ọ Birobidzhan, Birobidzhan bụ center nke district, nakwa dị ka ụzarị ọkụ (Obluchensky district). The emmepe nke atọ ndị nke ọzọ ebe ndị a n'obodo. A ndepụta ndị a territorial entities depụtara:
- Leninsky district - etiti nke obodo nke Lenin;
- Oktyabrsky district - etiti nke obodo Amurzet;
- Smidovichsky district - etiti nke obodo Smidovich.

olileanya

Si 1990s na ọnọdụ nke ubi malitere ije ije kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ mkparịta ụka. Nke a bụ oge mgbe ndị Juu kwaga Israel en masse. The pụta bụ echiche nke ida nke ndị Juu Autonomous Region, nakwa dị ka na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ya adị n'ọdịnihu.

Iji ụbọchị, ngo mepụtara site n'isonyere ndị Juu Autonomous Region na Khabarovsk Territory, nakwa dị ka a amaghị na n'ihi na Nsonye na Amur region na n'otu oge guzobe nke Amur mpaghara.