Gịnị bụ amonia? Formula Njirimara na amonia

Amonia - compound bụ ihe dị mkpa isi iyi nke nitrogen maka ndụ ntule, na ahuwo ngwa dị iche iche ọrụ. Gịnị na-amonia, ihe bụ ya Njirimara? Ka ihu ya.

Gịnị bụ amonia: isi e ji mara

Amonia (nitride conduit) - onyinye nke nitrogen na hydrogen, inwe chemical usoro NH _3. Udi nke molekul yiri a trigonal pyramid, na vertex nke bụ a nitrogen atọm.

Amonia bụ a gas-enweghị agba, ma na-enwe a kpọmkwem nkọ ísì ụtọ. amonia njupụta bụ fọrọ nke nta ugboro abụọ na-erughị njupụta nke ikuku. Na okpomọkụ nke 15 ^o C ọ bụ 0,73 kg / m ^3. Njupụta nke mmiri mmiri amonia n'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ bụ 686 kg / m ^3. Molekụla arọ nke umi - 17.2 g / ahumachi. A akụkụ pụrụ iche nke amonia bụ ya elu solubility n'ime mmiri. N'ihi ya, na okpomọkụ nke 0 ° C ọ esịmde a uru nke banyere 1200 mpịakọta na a olu nke mmiri na 20 ° C - 700 mpịakọta. A ngwọta nke "amonia - mmiri" (amonia mmiri) nwere a ubé alkaline mmeghachi omume na pụtara pụrụ iche onwunwe tụnyere ndị ọzọ alkalis: na-amụba ịta nke njupụta dị ntakịrị.

Olee na-emepụta amonia?

Gịnị bụ amonia n'ime ahụ mmadụ? Ọ bụ ọgwụgwụ ngwaahịa nke nitrogen metabolism. A akụkụ buru ibu nke imeju iji tọghata urea (carbamide) - obere na-egbu egbu umi.

Amonia ke eke gburugburu ebe obibi kpụrụ akpụ site na decomposition nke organic ogige nwere nitrogen. Maka ke ụlọ ọrụ bụ a umi nwetara synthetically.

Nkwadebe nke amonia na ulo oru na laabu ọnọdụ

Industrially amonia emepụta site catalytic njikọ si nitrogen na hydrogen:

N ₂ + 3H ₂ → 2NH3 + Q.

The usoro nke inweta umi bụ rụrụ na a okpomọkụ nke 500 ° C na a mgbali nke 350 igwe ndọrọ ego. Mee porous ígwè mkpali. Ihe amonia na-wepụrụ obi jụrụ. Nitrogen na hydrogen nke mere eme na-laghachiri njikọ.

N'okpuru laabu ọnọdụ, amonia a kwadebere nnoo site na-adịghị ike kpo oku a ngwakọta esịnede ammonium chloride na hydrated wayo:

2NH ₄ cl + Ca (OH) ₂ → CaCl ₂ + 2NH ₃ ↑ + 2H ₂ O.

Njikere maka agwụ compound na-gabiga a ngwakọta nke wayo na sodium hydroxide. Enough akọrọ amonia nwere ike na-akwadebe site dissolving sodium metal nime ya na ụdi distillation.

Ebe amonia na-eji?

hydrogen nitride na ọtụtụ-eji dị iche iche ọrụ. Nnukwu ichekwa ya na-eji na mmepụta nke nitric acid dị iche iche fatịlaịza (urea, ammonium nitrate, wdg), Polymers, hydrocyanic acid, sodium, ammonium salts, na ndị ọzọ ụdị chemical mmepụta.

Na ìhè ụlọ ọrụ Njirimara nke amonia eji maka nhicha na staining dị akwa ka silk, ajị anụ na owu. Na ígwè ụlọ ọrụ, ọ na-eji dịkwuo ekweghị ekwe ígwè site saturation na elu n'ígwé na nitrogen. Na Petrochemical ụlọ ọrụ iji hydrogen nitride neutralized acidic wastes.

Ruru ha thermodynamic Njirimara, mmiri mmiri amonia eji dị a refrigerant na friji akụrụngwa.

A ngwọta nke hydrogen nitride (amonia) na-eji na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ndọrọ ego nke syncope, vomiting mmalite, maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọgwụ na ahụ ike na-arụ ọrụ aka, ọtịta ahụhụ, na otú pụta.

Ụfọdụ chemical Njirimara nke amonia

Nitride hydrogen ji a dịtụ elu chemical ọrụ na ike na-eme na ọtụtụ bekee.

Mgbe amonia mkpatụ na asịd inye kwekọrọ ekwekọ ammonium nnu. N'ihi ya, n'ihi na ihe atụ, site na mmeghachi omume na nitric acid a kpụrụ ammonium nitrate :

NH ₃ + HNO ₃ → NH ₄ NO _3.

Mgbe inwe mmekọrịta na HCl kpụrụ ammonium chloride:

NH ₃ + HCl → NH ₄ cl.

Ammonium salts bụ siri ike crystalline bekee, decomposing na mmiri na-enwe Njirimara pụta ụwa ka metal salts. Solutions nke ogige kpụrụ mmeghachi omume nke amonia na ike asịd nwere ubé acid mmeghachi omume.

N'ihi na nitrogen atọm bụ ifịk hydrogen nitride reductant. Mbenata Njirimara nke ya pụta ìhè mgbe ewe iwe. Mgbe ọkụ na-oxygen ikuku, ọ Nleta a nitrogen na mmiri. Na ọnụnọ nke akpali omume na oxygen na-enye a nitrogen oxide. Nitride hydrogen nwere ikike naghachi ọla si oxides.

Halides site mmeghachi omume na amonia etolite nitrogen halides - ize ndụ na-agbawa agbawa. Site na mmeghachi omume na carboxylic asịd na ha nkwekọrịta nitride hydrogen ụdị amides. Na Jeremaya mere na coal (na 1000 ° C) na methane ọ na-enye prussic acid.

Ebe ọ bụ na metal ion akpụ amino okụre, amonia, ammoniates ma ọ bụ (mgbagwoju compound) enwe ihe e ji mara atụmatụ: na nitrogen atọm na-mgbe o sie atọ hydrogen atọm. Dị ka a n'ihi nke mgbagwoju mgbanwe agba? Bekee. N'ihi ya, n'ihi na ihe atụ, acha anụnụ anụnụ ngwọta nke ọla kọpa sulphate na mgbakwunye na nke hydrogen nitride enweta ufiop-acha anụnụ anụnụ-acha odo odo na agba. Ọtụtụ nke amino okụre nwere zuru ezu kwụsie ike. N'ihi nke a ha nwere ike kwadebere na ihe siri ike ụdị.

The mmiri mmiri amonia bụ ọma soluble ma ionic na-abụghị pola organic na inorganic ogige.

idebe e ji mara

Amonia bụ nke anọ na klas nke odachi. Oke allowable kacha otu oge ịta (Mac) ikuku niile bụ 0,2 mg / m ^3, nkezi - 0,04. Na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ikuku amonia content ekwesịghị ịbụ elu karịa 20 mg / m³. N'oge ndị dị otú kasịnụ isi umi na-adịghị chere. Ofu mmadụ olfaction ya amalite mgbe 37 mg / m³. Nke ahụ bụ, ma ọ bụrụ na amonia isi chere, nke pụtara na ime ókè airborne Inweta budata karịa.

The mmetụta ahụ mmadụ

Gịnị bụ amonia ke usoro nke mmadụ ikpughe? Ọ toxicant. Ọ na-ezo aka a umi ike nke na-agbasi mgba ike suffocating na neurotropic edinam, inhalation nsi nke pụrụ iduga akpa ume edema na mmebi nke ụjọ usoro.

Amonia vapors iwe mmetụta na akpụkpọ, na mucous membranes nke anya na akụkụ okuku ume na akụkụ. Ịta nke umi nke egosipụta akpịrị iyatesịt, bụ 280 mg kwa CC. mita anya - 490 mg kwa cubic mita. mita. Dabere na ego nke hydrogen na ikuku nitride nwere ike ime akpịrị akpịrị, dogbuworo ume, ụkwara, anya mgbu, oké lacrimation, chemical apa ọkụ nke cornea, ọhụụ ọnwụ. Mgbe ọdịnaya nke amonia nke 1.5 g kwa cu. mita kwa hour nsí akpa ume edema amalite. N'elu kọntaktị nke mmiri mmiri amonia na ya ngwọta (na elu kasịnụ) si kwe omume akpụkpọ nācha ọbara-ọbara, itching, ọkụ na dermatitis. Ebe ọ bụ na gasị nitride conduit amịkọrọ okpomọkụ n'oge evaporation kwere omume frostbite dịgasị iche.

amonia nsi Mgbaàmà

The nsi data toxicant nwere ike ime ka a ọnụ ke ikpe fọrọ, ọgbụgbọ, dizziness, isi ọwụwa, na otú pụta. E nwere mgbanwe omume, akpan akpan ike n'ahụhụ, delirium. The ngosipụta nke mgbaàmà na ụfọdụ bụ intermittent. Ha nwere ike ịkwụsị nke a mgbe na-agakwu n'ihu ume ọhụrụ.

Ewere n'ime akaụntụ niile kwere omume na-esi nke ikpughe na amonia, ọ dị mkpa ka-akpachapụ anya mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na umi na ghara gafere ịta na ikuku.