The ọkpụkpụ nke Renaissance: foto na nkọwa

Mmalite nke Renaissance mere na mbụ nkeji iri na ise nke XIV narị afọ. N'elu ọzọ atọ ọtụtụ narị afọ, Renaissance omenala mepụtara na a ngwa ngwa ijeụkwụ, na na ke akpatre ọtụtụ iri afọ nke XVI narị afọ ọ nọwo na-a na-adakpọ. The ịmata atụmatụ nke Renaissance na na omenala ya nile guises yi ego agwa, mgbe ọ na-adịkwaghị anthropocentrism, nke dị na mgbada bu otu nwoke, na-amasị ya na-eme ihe dị ka ihe ndabere nke ịdị adị. Na heyday nke Renaissance na European otu e mmasị na n'oge ochie. The kasị anya ngosipụta nke Renaissance omenala bụ style of "Renaissance" na ije. Fundamentals nke ije, ghọrọ usoro ihe karịrị narị afọ, e emelitere, mgbe mgbe, na-ewere na-atụghị anya iche-iche.

Renaissance ije

The ọkpụkpụ nke Renaissance emeghị ibido ugbu a abụghị na-ekwu. Ọrụ ha bụ nanị mma nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ iwu: Bas-tụrụ na cornices, n'isi obodo, friezes na portals. Mmalite nke Renaissance e ji mara mmetụta nke Romanesque style ke imewe nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ akụkụ, nakwa dị ka style na-nwere njikọ chiri na mgbidi eserese, ọkpụkpụ dịwo eji tumadi maka mma nke facades. N'ihi ya, e nwere a style of "Renaissance" na ije, ịdị n'otu nke kpochapụwo na sekit na sekit na ọhụrụ aesthetics. N'oge Renaissance facades ennobled ọkpụkpụ. Eserese na ọkpụkpụ nke Renaissance aghọwo akụkụ nke ije. Artistic murals e enịm n'etiti ọkpụkpụ na marble na ọla.

The ije nke High Renaissance

Ntoputa nke Renaissance na omenala okirikiri na akpa ebe emetụta ije. The ije nke High Renaissance e mepụtara na Rom, bụ ebe ndabere nke bu ụzọ oge malitere na-etolite a mba style. The ụlọ pụtara ịdị ukwuu, gbochiri nobleness na ihe ịrịba ama nke monumentality. Ụlọ na Rome na-wuru na ụkpụrụ nke centrally-axial symmetry. The nchoputa nke ọhụrụ style bụ D'Angelo Donato Bramante, a nkà atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ onye kere St. Peter nnukwu ụlọ ụka Senti na Vatican.

mmekọrịta ekwekọghị

N'ime oge ahụ, Renaissance ọkpụkpụ malitere ọzọ na ndị ọzọ onwe ha iche-iche. Na mmalite nke ndị dị otú ahụ ihe oyiyi na-etinye Italian ọkpụ Vilidzhelmo na-eke tụrụ maka katidral na Modena, budata mikwuo onyinyo nke sculptural otu na mgbidi, na otú a, e nwere otu nọọrọ onwe ha na-arụ ọrụ nke nkà metụtara na mgbidi naanị udiozi. Dum ọkpụkpụ nke nādabere mgbidi, ma ọ dịghị ihe. E a ike n'afọ iri na ụma, ndokwa nke awụ n'etiti buttresses ka kwukwara ahụmahụ n'agbanyeghị nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Architectural ụlọ na ọkpụkpụ nke Renaissance na-esiwanye agagharị n'ebe ahụ, na-enweghị adịkwa mmekọrịta. Otú ọ dị, ha ịgbakwunye onye ọ bụla ọzọ.

Mgbe ahụ ọkpụkpụ nke Renaissance, na ihe nile si n'etiti ndị ụgbọelu nke mgbidi. Ọ bụ a eke usoro nke ọhụrụ search. Nwayọọ nwayọọ ntọhapụ nke plastic forms si ụkpụrụ ụlọ ụgbọelu n'elu ntoputa nke ọtụtụ onwe ha chọpụtara nke sculptural art.

Famous ọkpụ nke Renaissance

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme oge, nke a na-akpọ "Revival", ọkpụkpụ natara ọnọdụ nke elu art. The akụkọ ihe mere eme uru nke enwetara XVI ọkpụ nke European si malite, ya bụ:

• Andrea Verrokko;
• Beserra Gaspar si kọọ;
• Nanni Di Banco;
• Bashele Nikolya;
• Santi Gucci;
• Nicolo di Donatello;
• Giambologna;
• Desiderio da Settignano;
• Jacopo della Quercia;
• Arnolfo di Cambio;
• Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti;
• Ian Pfister;
• Luca della Robbia;
• Andrea Sansovino;
• Benvenuto Cellini;
• Domenico Fancelli.

The kasị ama ọkpụ nke Renaissance - bụ:

• Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti;
• Donatello;
• Benvenuto Cellini.

The kasị dị ịrịba ama ihe ọkpụkpụ nke Renaissance we si n'okpuru chizul nke a oké ukwu.

Onye ama ama Florentine

Niccolo di Betto Bardi Donatello, nchoputa nke sculptural Eserese a na-ewere ndị kasị ezi uche ọkpụ nke oge ya, na-ajụ-agha "mara mma" na art. Yana a ezi uche style, ọ bụ a nna ukwu nke mejupụtara ochie. Otu nke masterpieces site Donatello bụ a osisi oyiyi nke Mary Magdalene (1434, Florence Baptistery). Ogologo ntutu emaciated agadi nwaanyị na-e sere na-emenye egwu n'aka. The isi ike nke ndụ gosipụtara na ihu emaciated anọ nanị ya.

Ọzọ ọkpụkpụ ọrụ nke oké nwe - "King David", bụ nke dị na facade nke ụlọ elu site Giotto na Florence. Oyiyi mere nke marble St George na-aga n'ihu Bible isiokwu malitere ọkpụ si image of St. Mark na marble. Ke otu usoro ọkpụkpụ nke St. Ioanna Krestitelya.

Site 1443 na 1453 afọ Donatello biri na Padua, ebe o kere equestrian oyiyi "Gattamelata" na onyinyo nke condottiere Erasmo de Narni.

Na 1453 ọ laghachiri ya na nwa afọ obodo nke Florence, ebe o biri ndụ ruo mgbe ọnwụ ya na 1466.

Benvenuto Cellini

Vatican ikpe ọkpụ Benvenuto Cellini a mụrụ na 1500 na ndị ezinụlọ kabinet eso. Ọ na-atụle onye na-eso nke mannerism - eruba, na-egosipụta ịke nke bombastic forms of art. Tumadi m na-arụ ọrụ na ọla nkedo. The kasị ama ọkpụkpụ nke Cellini:

• "Nymph nke Fontainebleau" - ọla efe, tubà 1545, bụ ugbu a na Louvre na Paris.
• "Perseus" - Florence, Loggia dei Lanzi.
• Na na nke Kozimo Medichi - Florence, Bargello.
• "Apollo na Hyacinth" - Florence.
• Na na nke Bindo Altoviti - Florence.
• "N'Obe" - Escorial, 1562.

Great ọkpụ Benvenuto Cellini aku imewe nke ala akara, kwuo na mkpụrụ ego aghụghọ. Ọ, ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ bụ a nnọọ nkà na ihe ịga nke ọma ere goodu na Vatican. The Pope nyere iwu Benvenuto nma.

Michelangelo Buonarroti

The amamihe nke Renaissance ọkpụ, edemede nke-adịghị anwụ anwụ ọrụ marble na ọla Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti A mụrụ 1475 na obere Tuscan obodo nke Caprese. Nwere a sculptural ngwá ọrụ nwata mụtara tupu ede ma na-agụ. Na afọ 13, Michelangelo bịara na-amụ na-ese Girlandayo Domeniko. Mgbe ahụ, ya talent ghọtara Lorentso De 'Medici, na Florentine nobleman. Noble patronize afọ iri na ụma.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ Buonarroti kere ọtụtụ ihe ọkpụkpụ maka arched doorway nke Church of St. Dominic na Bologna. Mgbe ahụ, ọ pịrị abụọ ọkpụkpụ ( "Ihi ụra Cupid" na "St. Johannes") maka Dominican ekwusa Girolamo Savonarola. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, Michelangelo kpọrọ site Cardinal Raffaele Riario na-arụ ọrụ na Rome. E ọkpụ emepụta a "Roman Pieta" na "Bacchus".

Na Rom, Buonarroti nwere ọtụtụ iwu dị iche iche Cathedrals na chọọchị, na 1505 Pope Julius II awade ya a ọrụ ọrụ - iji mee ka a n'ili ya ịdị nsọ. Na njikọ na ndị dị otú ahụ dị mkpa iwu na-eje ozi Michelangelo na Carrara, ebe ọ nọrọ ihe karịrị ọnwa isii, ị na-ahọrọ a kwesịrị ekwesị marble maka n'ili nke Pope.

N'ihi n'ili nke ọkpụ mere anọ marble awụ: "Ịnwụ Slave", "Leah," "Moses" na "agbụ ohu". Site 1508 ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke 1512 Buonarroti arụ ọrụ na frescoes nke Sistine banye n'Ụlọ Ekpere. Na 1513, mgbe ọnwụ nke Julius II, ọkpụ e nyere site Dzhovanni Medichi ke imewe nke ihe oyiyi nke Kraịst na obe.

The oké ọkpụ nke Renaissance Michelangelo Buonarroti akpa ke 1564 ke Rome. E liri ya na Florence nnukwu ụlọ ụka Senti nke Santa Croce.

"Chinkvichento"

Na n'ozuzu na foto nke Renaissance organically dabara n'etiti High Renaissance. Mgbe ahụ, wee na okwu bụ "chinkvichento", nke pụtara "mma". Nke a buru-apụ oge kere banyere iri afọ anọ. O nyere ụwa masterpieces, nke na-adịgide adịgide dewo mbadamba elu art. Eserese nke Mona Lisa na "Nri Anyasị Ikpeazụ" site Leonardo da Vinci si "Sistine Madonna" site Raphael, "David" Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti - a na ndị ọzọ ọrụ na-achọ ụlọ nzukọ nke prestigious ngosi ihe mgbe ochie.

Italian ọkpụ Andrea Sansovino (1467-1529 gg.) - otu n'ime ndị kasị a ma ama na ndị nnọchiteanya nke High Renaissance. The mbụ ọrụ Sansovino bụ terracotta mma nke ebe ịchụàjà maka na chọọchị nke Santa Agata image of St. Sebastian, Roch na Lawrence. Andrea yiri sculptural otu pịrị ịchụàjà maka na chọọchị nke San Spirito na Florence. High Renaissance ọkpụkpụ dị iche iche okwu nke ime mmụọ na ụfọdụ pụrụ iche penetration.

Verokko Andrea

Ọ bụ a ma ama ọkpụ nke n'oge Renaissance Uchitel Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli na Petro Perudzhino. Isi isiokwu nke creativity Verrocchio e sculpting, na abụọ - sere. Andrea bụ a ma ama director nke ikpe bọọlụ na nkà mmebe. Ọkpụkpụ High Renaissance n'ezie malitere na-arụ ọrụ nke Verrocchio.

The artist na-arụ ọrụ ruo ogologo oge mgbe na Florence. E kere ha maka ịkpụ Florentine nobleman Kozimo Medichi, mgbe ahụ karịrị afọ iri abụọ, ọkpụ-arụ ọrụ na song "n'enweghị obi abụọ Thomas." David, ama oyiyi e kere site Verrocchio na 1476. Ọla oyiyi ahụ a chọrọ ka icho mma Villa Medici, ma Giuliano na Lorenzo chere erughị eru ndị dị otú ahụ a elu nsọpụrụ, ma nyefee a ọkpụkpụ na Palazzo della Signoria na Florence. Ebube ọkpụkpụ nke Early Renaissance, si otú ahụ chọpụtara ya. Ke ndịbe ụlọ ha gbalịrị ka ọ ghara ịnọgide na pụrụ iche iberibe art. Ọ dịghị obere bara uru na okwu nke elu art bụ mbubreyo Renaissance. Ọkpụkpụ nke Benvenuto Cellini "Perseus" a na-ewere enweghị atụ masterpiece nke oge Renaissance.