The polymerization mmeghachi omume

Polymers - ogige nke nwere a elu molekụla ibu na-eru ọtụtụ puku nkeji. The polymerization mmeghachi omume bụ ihe ndabere nke oge a na ihe na-anata dị iche iche ọrụ na Njirimara. Ha na-na a ala njupụta dị ukwuu inogide, ike nro mgbe kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na-adị mfe ịdaba ịkpụzi, nke na-enye ohere iji nweta ngwaahịa dị iche iche na aghụghọ na nha. The Polymers bụ inert ka corrosive gburugburu, nwere ọkụ egbochi ihe Njirimara na anaghị corrode. Ruru ya pụrụ iche Njirimara, nke nwere ike mfe gbanwee na ogbo nke njikọ, na ojiji nke oge a polymeric ihe mgbe niile na-amụba.

Mgbe kpo oku na obi jụrụ nke ngwaahịa nke chemical mmepụta na-akpa àgwà na ụzọ abụọ.

Ụfọdụ nro mgbe kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na obi mgbe mma ọzọ. Ndị dị otú ahụ ihe na-agụnye ngwaahịa dabeere nkwadebe nke dabeere, ihe atụ, na polymerization mmeghachi omume nke alkenes, i.e., polyethylene na polypropylene. Ha na-akpọ thermoplastic ihe. Ọ nwere yiri Njirimara dị ka polyvinyl chloride na polystyrene.

Polymers nke ọzọ ụdị nwere ike na-ewe iwe naanị otu ugboro, ebe ọ bụ na ha obi mgbe jụrụ na ndị ọzọ na-adịghị nro n'okpuru kpo oku. Ndị a ihe a na-akpọ thermosetting, ha na-agụnye phenol-formaldehyde ma ọ bụ urea-formaldehyde resins. Thermoplastics na thermosets ha uru. First emepụta granular ụdị. N'ime ha, mgbe kpo oku na nro njikere ihe nke ọ bụla udi, ma ha enweghị ike na-ewe iwe n'oge ọrụ. Nke ikpeazụ na-emepụta dị ka a Gummy uka.

ethylene polymerization mmeghachi omume nwere ike e dere dị ka ndị a: CH2 = CH2 → (-CH2-CH2-) n. N'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ, na ọnụnọ nke ihe initiator (ha amara oxygen gas ma ọ bụ ihe ngwọta nke organic peroxide na mmanụ) ewe ebe n'etiti carbon atọm π-tie ọdịiche (ma a abụọ nkekọ) na a compound n'etiti n-Nogo ọgụgụ nke kpụrụ free radicals. The polymerization mmeghachi omume wee site a buu yinye usoro. Molekụla arọ nke ndị polima ihe onwunwe bụ kpọmkwem dabere na nọmba n, ya na-amụba ọ na-etolite. Site n'ịgbanwe ọnọdụ nke polymerization mmeghachi omume, njikọ nke polyethylene ọrụ oji enweta a ihe onwunwe na chọrọ Njirimara: fluidity (ma gbazee index), ike, njupụta, dielectric ọnwụ tangent, dielectric mgbe niile, na ndị ọzọ.

Njikọ nke elu-mgbali polyethylene ma ọ bụ ndị polymerization mmeghachi omume a rụrụ autoclave ma ọ bụ tubular reactors na okpomọkụ ruo 300 ° C na a mgbali nke 1000 na 3000 igwe ndọrọ ego. Nke a na a a ezigbo ego nke okpomọkụ. Ọ na-ewepụ na mmiri ọkụ nke na-ọnọ na chernobyl jaket. Ogo ọcha ọnọ ikpo mmiri mwepụ na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na àgwà nke polymeric ihe onwunwe na usoro nchekwa. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri na-agụghị oké kpochara na nwere ọtụtụ adịghị (e.g., ekweghị ekwe salts dị ka calcium na magnesium cations, anions silicic acid, chlorine, wdg), chernobyl jaket kpụrụ ego ma ọ bụ metal amalite corrode. N'ihi mgbanwe chernobyl mgbidi ọkpụrụkpụ nke okpomọkụ dissipation gafee ya elu na-aghọ mkpumkpu, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke polymerization ọnọdụ nwere ike ịghọ unmanageable. Na Mmụba Dị Ịrịba Ama nke ọxịdashọn okpomọkụ nke polima nwere ike ime ma ọ bụ decomposition na mbibi nke ndị na chernobyl.

The polymerization mmeghachi omume, dị ka a N'ihi nke a kpụrụ polyethylene, nwere ike na-ebe ke ala na okpomọkụ na nsogbu. Ma nke a na-achọ a mkpali. Nwere unreacted ethylene, bụ nke a kewapụrụ na polima e pelletized, na polyethylene emepụta n'okpuru ala nsogbu, exits chernobyl ka a ntụ ntụ, ma ọ bụ kama a nkwusioru na a hydrocarbon mgbaze ma ọ bụrụ na a elu nsogbu polyethylene si chernobyl ka a gbazee exits. Na ntụ ntụ e kewapụrụ n'ebe ndị mgbaze na adịghị saa si mkpali, na mgbe ahụ granulated na pụrụ iche ngwá akpọ extruder.

N'ihi ya, polymerization mmeghachi omume nke ethylene na ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-eji maka njikọ nke polyethylene. GOST 16338-85 emepụta ala-mgbali polyethylene slurry na gas na-adọ akara, dị ka GOST 16337-77 atara dị ka a elu-mgbali polyethylene autoclave ma ọ bụ tubular stampụ.