Ụdị mmadụ obi. Udi nke obi na ụmụ

Ǹgụ - a eke n'ime shei, e mere iji chebe ndị dị oké mkpa akụkụ site mmebi, bruises ma ọ bụ mmerụ. Na thoracic oghere zoro ezo obi, akpa ume, akpa ume akwara ndị gara na veins, thymus, bronchi, na nkọlọ, imeju. Iji ọ na-mmasị na akụkụ okuku ume na akwara na uru nke elu nsọtụ.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ na obi

The ngụgụ a kpụrụ nke:

• 12 na abụọ nke arcuate n'ọnụ ejikọrọ na n'azụ thoracic spain na n'ihu ejikọrọ na sternum via costal cartilages.
• Breastbone - unpaired ọkpụkpụ nwere elongated udi. Ọ e ji a ntopute na n'ihu elu ma n'azụ concavity. Ọ na-agụnye atọ akụkụ: ahụ, ahụ, na xiphoid.
• Uru.

Ǹgụ bụ mgbanwe, ie, ọ kọwakwuru na contracts na usoro nke respiration.

ụdị obi

The size na udi nke ǹgụ bụ agbanwe na ike ịdị iche dabere na ogo mmepe nke uru ahụ na akpa ume. A ogo mmepe nke ikpeazụ na-jikọrọ mmadụ ọrụ, ya ọrụ na ọrụ. Udi nke obi nkịtị nwere atọ ụdị:

• ewepụghị;
• cylindrical;
• conical.

The ewepụghị udi nke obi

Ọtụtụ mgbe hụrụ na ndị mmadụ na-adịghị ike n'uru ahụ na-eduga a n'ezinụlọ ndụ. Ọ bụ ogologo na esisịt na anteroposterior n'obosara, na n'ihu mgbidi fọrọ nke nta ka-akwụ ọtọ, clavicle n'ụzọ doro anya na-akwanyere ùgwù, obosara intercostal oghere.

The conical udi nke obi

Nke a dum na obere udi nke ara ji mmadụ na-mepụtara ìgwè nke uru ahụ nke ubu-ọkiké. Ya ala akụkụ wider karịa n'elu. Ná mkpọda nke obodo ọgịrịga na intercostal oghere bụ obere.

The cylindrical udi nke obi

Nke a na ụdị obi ejikari n'akparamagwa obere mmadụ. Ọ mechie otu tinyere dum ogologo. The kwụ ndokwa nke ọgịrịga akọwa ajị ajị intercostal oghere. Brisket obtuse n'akuku. People -egwu egwuregwu professionally, ọ bụ nke a n'ụdị ara.

Age na n'ahụ ji mara

Ụdị mmadụ obi budata agbanwe na afọ. Children mụrụ ọhụrụ ji warara na truncated ụdị a truncated pyramid. Ọ bụ ntakịrị ihe abịakọrọ mpụta. The transverse akụkụ nke obere anteroposterior. The uto nke nwa, ọzụzụ ya na-ebili a iri ari, mmepe nke nweekwa usoro na uto nke anụ ụlọ na-akpata eto ngwa ngwa nke obi. Udi nke obi n'ime ụmụ n'afọ nke atọ nke ndụ na-aghọ cone ekara. Na 6-7 afọ ibu ubé kwụsịlata, ịba ụba n'akuku nke nchepụta nke ọgịrịga e. akwụkwọ ụmụaka nwere a convex udi obi karịa ndị okenye, nchepụta nke ọgịrịga nwekwara ala. Ndị ha na nke a bụ a ugboro ugboro na-emighị emi ume tọrọ ụmụ akwụkwọ. Boys obi amalite itolite ike na 12 ụmụ agbọghọ - 11 afọ. Na oge nke afọ 18, m kasị nkezi ara ngalaba.

Udi nke obi na ụmụ na-adabere na ihe omumu na aru ọnọdụ n'oge ọdịda. Emega ahụ na mmega ga-enyere ka iwelie olu na obi widths. Expiratory ụdị ga ịbụ n'ihi adịghị ike n'uru na ogbenye akpa ume mmepe. Ezighị ezi akuku, ewu na nsọtụ nke table, nwere ike ime ka mgbanwe ke udi nke obi, nke nwere a ezighị ezi mmetụta na mmepe na ịrụ ọrụ nke obi, akpa ume na isi ọbara arịa.

Size Mbelata, ẹsụhọde na-agbanwe agbanwe ọdịdị nke obi na ndị agadi a na-ejikọta ya na a gụnyere ya ná ekwedo nke ọgịrịga cartilage, Ugboro ọrịa nke akụkụ okuku ume na tract na kifoznym curvature.

Ndị nwoke ǹgụ na nne ọgịrịga nwere a ọzọ akpọ gbagọrọ agbagọ na akuku ebe. Women nwere ihe akpọ agbagọkwa gburugburu ọgịrịga. N'ihi na nke a, na bụ a ọzọ ewepụghị udi na a predominance nke thoracic iku ume. Na ndị mmadụ, abdominal ụdị ume, nke na-esonyere ndị Ndahie nke diaphragm.

Ǹgụ na ya ije

-Arụsi ọrụ ike na usoro nke inhalation na ume e kupụrụ ekupụ a rụrụ akụkụ okuku ume uru.
Inhaling ọma site mbenata aperture na mpụga intercostal uru na-eweli ọgịrịga, ubé napụrụ ha iche, ịba ụba olu nke ǹgụ. Ume e kupụrụ ekupụ ikuku na-esonyere ntụrụndụ nke akụkụ okuku ume mọzụlụ, ẹsụhọde ọgịrịga mbuli-elu nke diaphragm dome. Ìhè na usoro ịrụ a n'ezinụlọ ọrụ, na-esonụ na-akpali akpali mgbidi.

ụdị ume

Dabere na afọ na okè nke obi na-akwanyere ya ùgwù:

• Diaphragmatic iku ume. Ya mere, a na-eku ume ụmụ ọhụrụ ndị na-adịghị a ọma ekwe ọgịrịga, na ha nọ a kehoraizin ọnọdụ, ndị intercostal uru na-adịghị ike.
• Phrenic respiration na a predominance nke phrenic na ụmụaka na nkera nke abụọ nke afọ mbụ nke ndụ, mgbe intercostal uru amalite na-eto eto ike, ore cell amalite daa.
• Thoracic ụdị ume amalite ebukarịghị na ụmụaka si 3 ka afọ 7, mgbe ifịk ifịk-emepe emepe na ubu-ọkiké.
• Mgbe afọ asaa e nwere okike iche dị na ụdị nke na-eku ume. Abdominal ga-adị n'ime ụmụ nwoke, ara - na ụmụ agbọghọ.

Enweghị nchịkwa ụdị obi

Pathology mgbe chọpụtara site ọrịa. Ha nwere ike ịbụ congenital (metụtara na mkpọchị ọkpụkpụ development n'oge ime) na enwetara (pụta nke unan na ọrịa nke ngụgụ, ọkpụkpụ, spain). Deformation na distortion, na-emekarị na-ekpughe a dị mfe ule nke obi. The ụdị na ya mgbanwe, asymmetry, mkpọchị ume n'afọ iri na ụma ekwe nwere ahụmahụ dọkịta ịkpọsa mbido nchoputa. Udi nke obi na-aghọ oge ufodu n'okpuru nduzi nke enweghị nchịkwa Filiks ke thoracic oghere akụkụ na curvature nke spain. Enweghị nchịkwa ụdị obi ike:

• Gbọmgbọm ekara. A ndiiche achọpụtara na ụmụ mmadụ na onye akpa ume anụ ahụ ka ihe mụbara lightness, i.e., agbajikwa ya ekwedo na ike. Nke a na-esonyere ihe ubara ọdịnaya nke ikuku na alveoli. Gbọmgbọm ekara obi amụbawo transverse na karịsịa anteroposterior n'obosara, na kwụ ọgịrịga na obosara intercostal oghere.
• Kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ. Nke a obi bụ ka ewepụghị na warara. Akpọ collarbones na ndokwa asymmetrically. Pupụtara n'ụzọ doro anya anaghị agasi na ngụgụ, na ọnọdụ nke ha dị iche iche na-etoju na na usoro nke respiration ha kwaga asynchronously. Location n'ọnụ - slanting ala. Kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ ụdị obi dị emaciated ndị mmadụ, ndị mmadụ na-adịghị ike n'usoro iwu ochichi obodo mmepe, na oké ala ala ọrịa, dị ka ụkwara nta.
• Rachitic. Ndị dị otú ahụ ụdị a na-akpọ keeled ma ọ bụ ọkụkọ. Ọ e ji a ịrịba abawanye na ihu-posterior size na bụ a N'ihi ya nke na-ata ahụhụ a na nwata rickets. Kileobraznaya ụdị-ebilite n'ihi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa abnormalities na mmepe nke skeletal usoro. ọkpụkpụ bulging nwere ike ịrịba ma ọ bụ. Ogo nke ọrịa na-emetụta ndị ọzọ mgbaàmà na-erukwa na n'ihi mkpakọ nke obi na akpa ume.

• Foneelu. Nke a na ụdị pathologies na-kwupụtara kwesiri ngosi n'ịnọgide nke onye zones nke ọgịrịga, cartilage, sternum. oghere omimi nwere ike ịbụ ruo 8 cm. The akpọ foneelu deformation na-esonyere Ndahie obi, curvature nke ọkpụkpụ azụ, nsogbu na akpa ume, mgbanwe nke ọbara na venous nsogbu. Na ụmụ ọhụrụ, daa ọrịa obere kwesiri ngosi naanị mgbe a na-a nta n'ịnọgide nke ume na obi. Ọ na-aghọ ndị ọzọ akpọ ka ha na-eto.
• Scaphoid. E ji mara maka nke a ọrịa ọnụnọ nke elongate recesses n'etiti na elu akụkụ nke sternum. Amalite na ụmụaka na-ata ahụhụ si na ọrịa na nke ụjọ usoro, nke na-emetụtakarị na moto ọrụ na uche. Siri ike deformation na-esonyere iku ume ọkụ ọkụ, ike ọgwụgwụ, mmega ekweghị ibe nọrọ, Ugboro palpitations.
• Kifoskolioticheskimi. Ọ na-amalite na ndabere nke ọkpụkpụ azụ ọrịa, ya bụ, thoracic, ma ọ bụ bụ n'ihi nke a na-akpasasị uche na mmerụ ahụ.

Evolution nyere nchedo ihe ndị kasị mkpa akụkụ nke ahụ mmadụ igbe. Na thoracic oghere akụkụ na-emi odude, na-enweghị nke na anyị nwere ike ịda maka a nkeji ole na ole. Ike ọkpụkpụ etiti bụghị nanị na-echebe, ma na-ede ha na a na-adịgide adịgide ọnọdụ, huu anụ ọrụ na anyị na-eju afọ ọnọdụ.