Ụgha Dmitry 1: obere akụkọ ndụ nke onye nduhie

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme ụwa, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ ebe ndị ọchịchị na-ejide ikike na-eme ka hà bụ ezigbo ndị ọchịchị. E nwere ikpe dị otú ahụ na Russia. Nke mbụ n'ime ha mere na 1605, mgbe ocheeze nke Moscow bụ Ụgha Dmitry 1. Nkọwa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme a nwere ọtụtụ ihe mgbagwoju anya. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-agwa ya na ọ bụ eze, ma ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ekwenye na nwoke nke kwupụtara na ya bụ onye na-anwụghị anwụ nke Ivan IV nwa egwu Dmitri dị egwu bụ onye na-eme njem na onye nwere ọgụgụ isi.

Origins na ntorobịa nke onye nduhie

Ònye bụ Ụgha Dmitri? Ihe omuma ihe di omimi nke nwoke a enwegh ihe omuma banyere omuma ya tupu ya abia n'oche eze. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ bụ omenala iche na Ụgha Dmitry 1 mụrụ dị ka 1581 na Galich (Kostroma volost). Mgbe a mụrụ onye a na-akpọ Yuri (Yushka), nna ya bụ nwoke si n'aka ụdị Lithuania dara ogbenye Nelidov Bogdan Otrepiev. Mgbe ọ bụ nwata na Moscow, otu nwa okorobịa sonyeere ọrụ ahụ n'otu n'ime iwu ahụ. Mgbe Yuri Otrepiev rụsiri ọrụ ike ruo oge ụfọdụ, ọ rịọrọ nkwa ndị mọnk n'okpuru aha Gregory. O mere na 1600. Ọ gara n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk bụ Yushka ọ bụghị n'okwukwe dị ukwuu, kama iji zere nhụghachị, n'ihi na n'ụwa nke ọ zụrụ, ṅụọ ihe, ma o geghị nna ya ntị.

Otu afọ mgbe ọ kwụsịrị, Gregory nwere ike ịbanye na Mọnkọ Chudov na Moscow. N'ịbụ onye gụrụ akwụkwọ na inwe akwụkwọ edemede aka, nke na-eto eto nabatara ọnọdụ nke odee akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ebe a ka echiche Otrepiev banyere onye na-abụ onye nketa nwụrụ anwụ nwụrụ anwụ n'ocheeze Moscow, bụ Tsarevich Dmitri, bilitere. Gregory dị ka nwata nke John IV, ọbụnadị yiri ya.

Nkọwa nke ọdịdị Otrepyev

Ihe ngosi nke Ụgha Dmitry 1, nke ndị ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ hapụrụ, na-egosi na ọ dị elu karịa ogo, nke dị iche iche, nke nwere olu dị mkpirikpi na ogwe aka dị iche iche. Nwoke a na-apụghị na-akpọ mma, ya gburugburu ihu "mma" nnukwu akpụkpa n'ahụ na nnukwu, yiri akpụkpọ ụkwụ imi. Ọ dị mwute ma chee echiche, ma o nwere ume dị ike pụrụ iche ma nwee ike ịgbaji ịnyịnya na-ekpuchi ya.

Ndụ na Poland

Kedu ka otu onye si gbadaa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka False Dmitriy 1 mepụtara? Otu obere akụkọ banyere ya na-agba akaebe na na 1602, a boro ya ebubo ma gbapụ n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk ahụ. Ruo oge ụfọdụ, swindler nọ na Kiev, wee kwagara Poland ma nakwere nkwenkwe Katọlik na nzuzo. N'ebe ahụ, o kwupụtara onwe ya dị ka onye nketa ruru eru na ocheeze Russia ma rịọ nkwado nke Eze Sigismund nke atọ. Na ekele maka eziokwu na ọ ga-enyere ya na-n'elu ocheeze nke Moscow, o kwere nkwa inye 1 Lzhedmitry Rzeczpospolita akụkụ nke West Russian ala. Onye nduhie na nkwado nke voodode Jerzy Mnishek rịọrọ, na-ekwe nkwa ịlụ nwa ya nwanyị bụ Marina, nye obodo ndị Pskov na Novgorod ma kwụọ 1 nde zlotys.

Agha na obodo Russia na ijide ike

Ụgha Dmitriy, ya na puku ndị agha atọ dị ike Polish, malitere mgbasa ya megide ala Russia na mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1604. N'ihi enweghị afọ ojuju nke ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ na iwu nke ụlọ nke Boris Godunov, onye bụ onye na-achị eziokwu nke steeti nke Ivan na Terrible, Otrepiev ngwa ngwa merie ọtụtụ obodo ndị Russia ma nọrọ na Putivl. Ọ bụ ebe a ka Ụgha Dmitriy guzobere ọchịchị ya 1. Otu akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke onye nduhie nwere ihe ndị na-agba akaebe na ndị ahụ kwadoro onye ọchịchị ọhụrụ ahụ, na-eche na ọ bụ nwa John nke Jọn zọpụtara ya n'ụzọ ọrụ ebube, ọ ga-eweghachite iwu n'ala ha.

Na April 1605, Boris Godunov nwụrụ na mberede, a kpọkwara Fedor nwa ya onye ga-eketa ocheeze ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ pụghị ijide onwe ya ogologo oge: izu ole na ole mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị kwadoro False Dmitry kwaturu ya. N'ịbụ eze na-achị n'ocheeze na June 20, 1605, onye nduhie ahụ nyere iwu ka ọ gbuo Fedor na nne ya, o mekwara nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Xenia nwanyị iko ya, wee ziga ya n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk.

Ndi mmadu kwenyesiri ike na n'ihu ya bu onye nketa n'eche eze ahu, onye ozo biara na Marya Naga, nne Dmitry. Nwanyị ahụ matara nwa ya nwoke n'ihu ya. Ka oge na-aga, mgbe Otrepyev nwụsịrị, ọ hapụrụ okwu ya, na-ekwupụta na a manyere ndị na-akwado ya ịkọrọ ya ụgha ahụ.

Ụdị njedebe nke iwu ụlọ. Falsdmitry 1

Ozugbo ike, onye ọchịchị ahụ mere ọhụrụ kachibidoro ịgba ụta iwu, nye iwu ka ndị Chiunov batara site na ndọrọ n'agha ahụ lọghachi, hazieghachiri ndị agha ahụ ma mụbaa ụgwọ ọrụ nke ndị niile nọ na-eje ozi. Pretender iji belata ọnọdụ nke serfs, tọhapụrụ Russian ndịda nke ụtụ isi na-ahọrọ akpa nkata nke ala si n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk.

Ebumnuche nke ụlọ ụgha nke Ụgha Dmitry 1 bụ iji mee ka mgbasaozi Polish sikwuo ike n'akụkụ nile nke ndụ obodo. Ọ kwadoro iwu ụlọ ụka, kesaa ndị nkịtị aka, ma hazie Chancellery Secret, nke gụnyere Ogige. Mgbe nduhie Boyar Duma e renamed Sineti, na nso Kremlin amalitela ewu nke a osisi n'obí na nzuzo amaokwu. Na mba ọzọ amụma Lzhedmitry 1 duru preparations maka a agha ndị Turks, nke nwere mmasị Sigismund III.

Agbamakwụkwọ nke Otrepyev na Marina Mniszek na igbu ọchụ ya

N'oge na-adịghị anya, nkwado nke ndị mmadụ bụ False Dmitriy 1. Nkọwa ya na-egosi na ọ na-enwe obi ụtọ dị ukwuu, na-achọ ịchụ nta na ụmụ nwanyị mara mma. Mgbagwoju anya nke ndị Ọtọdọks mere ka alụmdi na nwunye nke onye na-achị achị na Marina Mnishek, bụ nke ndị Katọlik na-eme. N'oge ememe ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị uwe ojii bịara Moscow, bụ ndị na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè, ndị na-agafe agafe-na-abanye n'ụlọ ndị obodo.

May 17, 1606, mgbe nnukwu agbamakwụkwọ ahụ gasịrị, Prince Vasily Shuisky, na-achọ ijide ocheeze ahụ, kpalitere ọgba aghara na Moscow, bụ nke kpatara ụgha False Dmitry 1 na ndị na-akwado ya. Ndị mmadu, ndị isi ike nke onye nduhie, na-akwa ya ụta ruo ogologo oge, ma gbaa ya ọkụ, ma na-agbanye ụdọ ahụ na ntụ, na-esi na ya gaa n'aka ndị Commonwealth Polish-Lithuanian. N'ihi ya, ọ ghaghị ịkwụsị ụbọchị ya ụgha Ụgha Dmitry 1. Nkọwa dị mkpirikpi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ akụkọ na-akụzi banyere ihe na-eme ndị nduhie.