Upper agha: Ọdịdị, ọrụ na o kwere omume mmebi

Proper Ọdịdị na n'ahụ ike nke niile na akụkụ na anụ ahụ nke ndị mmadụ ihu na-ekpebisi ike ọ bụghị nanị na ahụ ike, kamakwa, dị n'ile anya. Gịnị ndiiche nwere ike ịbụ na mmepe nke elu agha, na bụ maka ihe na isi?

Karịsịa na Ọdịdị nke elu agha

The elu n'agba - ọkpụkpụ nke uzuoku, nke bụ a na ahu na anọ Filiks. Metụtara nanị akụkụ ụfọdụ na elu n'ihu akụkụ nke okpokoro isi ihu, na-ebu ya na pneumatic ọkpụkpụ, n'ihi na eziokwu na o nwere a uji eze, lined na mucosa.

Ndị na-esonụ usoro nke elu agha, nke nwetara aha ya si ebe:

• frontal usoro;
• zygomatic usoro;
• alveolar ọkpụkpụ;
• palatal ọkpụkpụ.

Avilable Filiks

Ọzọkwa, elu agha ahụ nwere anọ na-ebupụta: n'ihu, orbital, infratemporal na ọ dịghị òkè.

Elu orbital zita ke udi, ezigbo na aka na ubé weturu-atụ - Nleta a mgbidi nke orbit (orbit).

The n'ihu elu nke n'agba ahu ubé kpudo, ọ ga-emepe ozugbo na ophthalmic oghere n'okpuru bụ nke dị na canine fossa.

Gọzie gị n'elu ya Ọdịdị - a mgbagwoju guzobere. Ọ nwere maxillary mkpịwa, nke na-eduga ná maxillary imi.

Zygomatic usoro nwekwara Nleta elu n'agba Ọdịdị na ọrụ nke nke adabere na nkịtị ọrụ nke niile Filiks ma na-ebupụta.

Ọrụ na pụrụ iche atụmatụ

Gịnị Filiks na ahu na okpokoro isi nwere ike ịkpalite enweghị nchịkwa mgbanwe ihe owuwu ma na ọrụ nke ọkpụkpụ?

The elu agha bụ maka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Filiks:

• Itinye Aka na-eme Lonely, ekesa ibu na ezé nke elu agha.
• Na-ekpebi ihe ziri ezi n'ọnọdu nke niile Filiks.
• Ọ Nleta a oghere n'ihi na ọnụ na imi, na ha partitions.

enweghị nchịkwa Filiks

The elu agha n'ihi na nke Ọdịdị na ọnụnọ nke imi bụ nnọọ mfe belata, ya bụ na akwụkwọ banyere 5 cm ^3, n'ihi na ohere imerụ ọkpụkpụ na-abawanye.

Agha n'onwe ya bụ ofu site eziokwu na ike merges na ike nke ọkpụkpụ nke okpokoro isi.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị o kwere omume pathologic mgbanwe emekarị bụ mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nke n'agba (elu ma ọ bụ ala). Injury gwọọkwa n'elu bụ nnọọ mfe karịa ọkpụkpụ nke ala agha, n'ihi na ọ bụ, site n'onye ahụ nke ya Ọdịdị na ọnọdụ, adịghị akpali na accelerates imu nke ya ọkpụkpụ.

Ke adianade niile iche iche nke fractures na dislocations, n'oge ule site a dọkịta ezé nwere ike ịchọpụta a gbaagburugburu usoro, a ahu otutu nke maxilla, nke na-achọ ịwa ahụ iji wepụ ya.

The ahu nwere ihe elu agha na maxillary imi, nke mgbe kwesịrị ekwesị emeso ezé (ma ọ bụghị naanị) nwere ike ịghọ nanị ire ọkụ na e Sinusitis - ọzọ enweghị nchịkwa usoro agha.

Blood ọkọnọ. innervation

Perfusion maxillary agha bụ n'ihi akwara na alaka ya. Ezé alveolar ọkpụkpụ innervated site trigeminal akwara, na ndị ọzọ kpọmkwem - na maxillary alaka.

Mgbe mbufụt ma ọ bụ trigeminal ọdịdị ihu mgbu nwere ike igbasa nnọọ ahụ ezé, nke na-eduga a ụgha nchoputa emee mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna na-ezighị ezi mmịpụta nke a nha nha na elu agha.

Ikpe nke na-ekwesịghị ịdị nchoputa ọzọ Ugboro, n'ihi na ha na-eleghara ndị ọzọ ụzọ nke nnyocha na n'ịdabere nanị na nke onye mmetụta nke onye ọrịa ahụ, dọkịta dị ka onye ọrịa ahụ ize ndụ ahụ ike, nakwa dị ka ya aha.

Properties ezé na elu agha

The elu agha nwere a yiri ala nọmba ezé. The ezé nke elu agha, ma ọ bụ kama ha na mgbọrọgwụ, ha iche iche, nke di na ha ego na direction.

Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ, amamihe ezé na maxilla isu mbụ na ndị ọzọ na na n'akụkụ aka nri.

Ebe ọ bụ na elu n'agba ọkpụkpụ bụ ọtụtụ thinner na ala, na extractions nwere ya peculiarities na pụrụ iche nketa Usoro. N'ihi nke a, Dental forceps maka wepụ ezé elu agha, nke nwere aha ọzọ - na bayoneeti.

Ọ bụrụ na ị ihichapụ na-ezighị ezi na-akpata mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nwere ike ime n'ihi na elu agha, nke Ọdịdị adịghị ekwe ka itinye a ike kwesịrị ọzọ ụzọ nke nchoputa tupu usoro ịwa ahụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe ndị dị otú ahụ ngwa a rụrụ X-ray ule - orthopantomography ma ọ bụ agbakọrọ tomography nke aru nke ihe n'agba.

Ịwa ahụ

Nke na-achọ mwepụ nke elu agha, na otú iji weghachi ịgazi mgbe ịwa ahụ?

Ọkọnọ usoro na dentistry a maara dị ka maksillektomiya.

The egosi maka ịwa ahụ bụ:

• Ịza aza etuto ahụ n'ime ahu nke maxilla na ya ejiji, na-enweghị nchịkwa na anụ ahụ overgrowth imi, paranasal sinuses na ọnụ.
• Benign etuto ahụ nwekwara ike, na-aga n'ihu mmepe, na-aghọ ihe ngọpụ iji wepụ aru nke elu agha.

maksillektomii usoro nwere ọtụtụ contraindications:

• Total ndidi ọrịa, nnukwu na-efe efe, kpọmkwem ọrịa nke elu agha na nnukwu ogbo na na ogbo nke exacerbation.
• Mgbe a ịrịba nkesa nke enweghị nchịkwa usoro mgbe ọrụ ga-a bụrụkwa nzọụkwụ na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa, ma ọ bụ nanị ibu arọ ndị cancer ndidi.

Preoperative cancer ndidi bụ a ọma mbido nnyocha e mere iji na-akọwapụta ọzọ abnormalities na ahụ onye ọrịa, nakwa dị ka definition nke orunótu nke etuto ahụ.

Tupu na-achọpụta ọrịa jikoro rụrụ a zuru ezu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, iji na doo anya etiologic ihe na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa pụrụ ịrịa.

Tupu ihe ọ bụla usoro ịwa ahụ na-mkpa na-ata a full nnyocha na ndị ọkachamara. Nke a, n'elu ihe nile, ophthalmologist - anya kpebie ala nke ha kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ, na-ekwe omume nsogbu mgbe ịwa ahụ.

The elu agha nwere na-aru-ya anya onu na ọ dịghị òkè imi, n'ihi na nke ha zuru nnyocha e mere n'ihu maksillektomiey amanyere bụ iwu.

Ke adianade do, tupu ịwa ahụ na-atụ aro na-eme ka a tomography nke isi na olu, nke mma bịa picture onye ọrịa na-enye ohere ọzọ ịhụ n'ụzọ doro anya na ọnọdụ nke akpụ usoro.

N'oge na-arụ ọrụ, o nwere ike ime eme sikwuoro - mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nke n'agba (elu) ma ọ bụ nwere ike na-emetụta ọdịdị ihu akwara na-ezighị ezi akụkụ. Ọ bụla nsogbu pụrụ imetụta mmepe nke malignancy, n'ihi na nke maksillektomii - bụ ihe ize ndụ nke steeti a cancer ndidi.

congenital malformations

The elu agha nwere ike mebiri emebi na utero, nke na-eduga ná malformations nke n'agba dum ihu.

Gịnị nwere ike ịbụ ihe mere ya ndiiche mmepe tupu ọmụmụ nwa?

• Genetic pụrụ ịrịa. Iji gbochie nke a agaghị ekwe omume, ma na nri orthodontic na orthopedic ọgwụgwọ mgbe ọmụmụ pụrụ ịgbazi congenital deformities ma weghachi kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ nke elu agha.
• Unan n'oge gestation nwa nwere ike ịgbanwe N'ezie nke n'ahụ ime na eji enwe mgbanwe ndị ọrịa, nke na-kacha kpughere na elu agha. Ọzọkwa àgwà ọjọọ nne na ojiji nke ụfọdụ ọgwụ n'oge ime nwere ike ịbụ a bụrụkwa ihe na-akpata omume nke congenital abnormalities.

ụdị pathologies

N'etiti isi enweghị nchịkwa Filiks na-emetụta mmepe nke n'agba, tọhapụ:

• Butere n'aka anomalies (anomalies na-ebilite n'oge na-amalite amalite na mmepe nke nwa ebu n'afọ) - unilateral ma ọ bụ bilateral ọdịdị ihu mkpịwa, microgeny, zuru ezu ma ọ bụ na-ezughị ezu edentulous (efu ezé), hypoplasia nke imi na sinuses, na ndị ọzọ.
• Deformation ngwa eze usoro, nke malitere na mmepe nke n'agba n'okpuru nduzi nke dị iche iche ọjọọ ihe: endogenous ma ọ bụ exogenous.
• Secondary deformation Filiks dentoalveolar ngwa, nke na-ebilite n'ihi na traumatic mmetụta na akụkụ nke ọdịdị ihu okpokoro isi, na-n'ihi mismanagement nke ịwa ahụ, radieshon ọgwụ na-anara ọgwụ maka cancer.

eze anomalies. edentia

Ndị kasị Ugboro pathologies ezé na elu agha nwere ike kwuru adentia nke, dabere na-akpata, bụ a ele mmadụ anya n'ihu (ọzọ ezé) na zuru (enweghị ezé).

Ọ bụkwa ekwe omume mgbe ụfọdụ na-edebe distal ije nke ngwá ọrụ na e guzobere a ụgha diastema.

N'ihi na-achọpụta ọrịa daa ọrịa nyere site na iji X-ray nnyocha (orthopantomography) nke ọtụtụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-egosi na ọnọdụ na-eme ka nke daa ọrịa.

Deformation agha na supernumerary ezé - ekwe omume pụta a enweghị nchịkwa usoro nke malitere utero mmepe nke nwa ebu n'afọ. Nke nwere ike abuana ọnụnọ nke extra ezé, nke na-agaghị emezu ọ bụla ọrụ na usoro nke ịta?

Ọnụnọ nke supernumerary ezé na alveolar riiji nke elu n'agba pụrụ ịkpasu ya deformation. Nke a-akpata oké ibu nke alveolar ọkpụkpụ, nke dị njọ na-emetụta ọ bụghị nanị na ezi ndokwa nke ezé, ma na n'ahụ development nke elu agha.

Prevention of anomalies na mebiri emebi agha

Mkpa karịsịa si n'oge afọ na-eso mmepe nke n'agba usoro ata mgbe nnyocha site a dọkịta ezé na-emeso ọrịa nile nke onu oghere.

Na ọnụnọ nke nwa o yiri ebe nke anomalies ma ọ bụ uto nke ezé kwesịrị ozugbo rue a mbara nnyocha, ma ọ bụghị naanị na ndị dọkịta ezé, ma ihe endocrinologist, ọkà mmụta ọrịa akwara. Mgbe ụfọdụ anomalies na mmepe nke n'agba metụtara na mkpọchị izugbe ọnọdụ.

Ọgwụgwọ nke congenital anomalies kemgbe a alaka nke dentistry ka orthodontics, onye na-amụ kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ nke ọnụ, nakwa dị ka diagnoses na-agbaziri enweghị nchịkwa deviations si norm. Ọgwụgwọ na-kacha mma mere na nwata, n'ihi na oge gara dọkịta ezé tupu mgbawa nke ezé ma ọ bụ mbibi zuru ezu nke ihe n'agba adịghị mkpa.

onu ike - bụ isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma nke digestive na akụkụ okuku ume usoro, nakwa dị ka a nkwa nke nwa ahụ echiche ike na nkịtị development. The psychological na-akpata na-arụ abụghị obere ọrụ n'ihe a, dị ka a onye ihu - Ọ bụ ya òkù kaadị. Na-agba ọsọ deformation Ịgbanwe ọdịdị ahapụ a akara na-emetụta akparamàgwà mmadụ obi ala, na-amụba a plurality nke ụjọ na atụ, ruo mgbe sociopathic ala.

Proper oriri na-edozi, na-eri nri siri ike, ò ọcha na idebe - isi ihe na ike mmepe nke elu agha, na niile na akụkụ nke na-edeghị ede oghere.