Voronezh Biosphere Reserve. Kọkeshịan Biosphere Reserve. Danube Biosphere Reserve

Voronezh, Kọkeshịan na DDBR bụ isi na gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara dị na FSU. Ihe na ihe a Biosphere idobere? N'ụzọ bụ isi, nke a na-echebe ebe, nke bụ a pụrụ iche eke ebe obibi usoro. Ke adianade do, ọ na n'akụkụ ala bụ mgbe niile na-nyochaa na-amụ eke gburugburu.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke omume nke Voronezh Reserve

Ya e kere eke nke ala idobere isi ụgwọ beavers. N'ihi na tupu ọmụmụ ókèala nke mba park bụ a ịchụ nta menagerie, nke mbụ wetaara mgbada na beavers. Adịbeghị anya n'ụdị a nnukwu ezuru ógbè.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke idobere na-aga azụ 1919. Mgbe ahụ, n'ihi nnyocha n'ime ọdịdị nke Voronezh ógbè njem e zitere ebe a. A ìgwè nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị were anọ ogologo afọ zuru ezu inyocha ebe, nke dị ugbu a na Voronezh Biosphere Reserve. Mgbe ahụ, njem ndú jụrụ iji hazie na-adịgide adịgide nchebe nke beavers iji gbochie mbibi ha.

Ugbua na-echebe ebe e kere 1923, bụ nke mere n'akụkụ osimiri Usmani, bụ n'ụlọ ka obere mgbe a narị beavers. N'ihi nlekọta nke ndị mmadụ bi nke beavers amụbawo budata, na ha kwụsịrị na-na verge nke ikpochapu. Na 1927, na-echebe ebe eze ghọrọ a idobere. O wee a Biosphere na 1985.

isi ihe aga-eme

Voronezh Biosphere Reserve dị na n'ókèala Voronezh na Lipetsk mpaghara. Ya ebe dị n'elu 30 puku. Ha. Reserve odide - biva na mgbada ọgụgụ, gosikwa site alaka.

N'oge anyị a, a bụ ebe a pụrụ iche eke ebe, nke na-eweputa a dịgasị iche iche nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.

The isi ihe ndị nche-kwa nke agwaetiti ndị ọrụ oké ọhịa, na umu richness nke ụmụ anụmanụ, a na-amụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ. Ke adianade do, Voronezh State Biosphere Reserve - a ebe nnyocha mkpara na-arụ n'ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi agụmakwụkwọ nke ndị bi na.

akwukwo nri ụwa

Na ókèala nke ugbu idobere bụ nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke obere osisi. Ebe a, a ijuanya Nchikota oak, pine, birch na Aspen osisi.

Voronezh Biosphere Reserve bụ a pụrụ iche ebe, ebe ọ ka na-echekwawo obere apịtị osisi - blueberries. Ke adianade do, a ukwuu nke mmiri ozu na ya n'ókèala. Ya mere, ebe i nwere ike ịhụ a otutu obere osisi na-eto eto na swamps na osimiri. Otu n'ime ha bụ floodplain alder, nke na-amalite oge ntoju ke ini utọ, nakwa dị ka ndị na-egbuke egbuke na agba nke iris na ala opitoropi marigold.

Na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge na ọdọ mmiri na osimiri nke oké ọhịa na-egosi Potbelly okooko osisi, okooko lili na vodokras. Ke adianade do, a na mpaghara, karịsịa n'akụkụ osimiri Ivnitsy etolite a nnukwu ego nke enyí nnụnụ fern. Na na n'ikperé Clear Lake, i nwere ike ịhụ obere ụdị osisi - lzhekamysh nkịtị.

anụmanụ ụwa

Creation nke idobere metụtara ọdịdị beavers, otú ahụ nchebe na nkwalite nke ndị a na ndị ọzọ na umu, bụ isi na-elekwasị anya nke na-arụ ọrụ. Voronezh Biosphere Reserve bi a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke nnukwu mammals. Nke a ọhịa boar, Roe ele, munsu na mgbada.

The kasị ọtụtụ eri ibe idobere-atụle ga- nkịtị nkịta ọhịa. Otú ọ dị, na ókèala e nwekwara ibu anụ, dị ka anụ ọhịa wolf. N'ezie, ihe ndị kasị mkpa ná ndụ nke idobere ji site beavers, nke ba uba site a ole na ole iri puku kwuru iri ka a ole na ole narị.

Biosphere Reserve "Voronezh" bi itoolu di iche iche kunitsevyh. I nwere ike na-chọta na badgers. Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị kasị bụ anụmanụ nke ezinụlọ Khomyakov. N'etiti ndị a na ụdị na-pụrụ ịchọta a dịgasị iche iche nke voles ka ihe atụ, ndị nkịtị, ginger, mmiri na ọchịchịrị.

nwekwara ọtụtụ nnụnụ na idobere. Ị ga-ahụ ọtụtụ geese, nza na falcons.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke omume nke Danube Biosphere Reserve

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a na-echebe ohere nwere ya si malite na 1981, mgbe Danube idei mmiri ebe e kere na ndabere nke a n'alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke Black Sea Reserve. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-arụ otu ebe nke fọrọ nke nta 15 puku. Hectare. N'ihi World Bank na 1995. The grandee ike hazie na ndabere nke a obere echebe ebe nke nnukwu Danube Biosphere Reserve.

The ugbu a size ọ bụ na 1998, mgbe Iwu nke President nke ya n'ókèala ụba ọ fọrọ nke nta 50 puku. Hectare. Ókèala nke oge a na idobere na-agụnye Stentsivsko-Zhebriyanski were were Zhebriyanski riiji fluvial agwaetiti Ermakov. Gụnyere ya mejupụtara na azu, nke bụ ụzọ nke ọzọ.

Echebe Areas Development Programme ezube ịgbatị na 2015 na Danube idobere na-efu nke kasị baa uru nke ya ilekota nke ala mmiri, nke na-emi odude na obodo Reni. N'ihi ya, Reserve ga-adịghị anya ogide ókèala dum kasị bara uru ala mmiri Danube.

na-eme ihe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị

Danube Biosphere Reserve e guzobere iji chebe pụrụ iche ọdịdị nke Danube. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-amụ ọdịdị nke Danube Delta, eduzi ndabere nlekota gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ, nakwa dị ka ịkụziri ndị bi na.

Ke adianade do, research rụrụ na ubi nke uwa nchekwaba na gburugburu ebe obibi nchebe. Of otu dị mkpa bụ ịmụ ụmụ mmadụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ala nke ilekota dị ka a dum. E na-rụrụ na jikoro aka belata anthropogenic mmadụ mmetụta na uwa ka a kacha nta.

Reserve akwado mba òtù, gụnyere ọrụ na UNESCO mmemme. Na nke a na-arụsi ọrụ na-adọrọ ọha anya ka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke obodo.

Ọ na-amụ ọ bụghị nanị mgbanwe ke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke idobere, ma mmiri na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọrụ bụkwa nọgidere na Monitors na Danube, marshes na osimiri obere.

Flora idobere

The osisi nke idobere bụ ọgaranya pụrụ iche osisi. Ya na osisi na-agụnye ihe fọrọ nke nta 600 dị iche iche ụdị. Ndị dị otú ahụ a di iche iche nke osisi ẹnịm ekele a nnọọ tụụrụ ala na ọtụtụ mmiri. Ke adianade do, ala nwere nnukwu ego nke sludge mere site osimiri.

The kasị ewu ewu na ụdị nke osisi na-warara-leaved cattail na bulrush. On mben Danube ị pụrụ ịhụ willow-ogwu, nke nwere a obosara nke banyere 100 mita. Na mpaghara ebe a, e nwere na-acha ọcha, triandra, loshka na ndị ọzọ ụdị osisi. Na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri nke idobere pụrụ ịchọta amorphous Roses, oké osimiri buckthorn na tamorizk galuzisty.

Na ogologo ahihia ị pụrụ ịhụ obere ebe na aquatic ahịhịa. White mmiri okooko lili, schitolistye floaters, sere n'elu nut na Salvinia sere n'elu - a obere ụdị osisi, nke na-ụba na Biosphere idobere. Photo pụrụ iche umu ruo mgbe na-adịbeghị anya nwere ike na-hụrụ na Red Book of Ukraine. Ma ekele mgbalị nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke obere osisi na-now ọma na eke ọnọdụ.

fauna

Bụ a pụrụ iche na-fauna nke Danube idobere. The kasị ukwuu ọtụtụ umu dara na nnụnụ. Nke a na atụmatụ Ẹnịm ebe - n'ihi na nke nnukwu ego nke nri ego. Ebe i nwere ike ịhụ a siigol, heron, isi awọ ọgazị, coot, swans, ọbọgwụ na Tern. Ke adianade do, e nwekwara obere ụdị nnụnụ. N'etiti ha ka anyị kwesịrị banyere ndị pink okwolo, spoonbills, Dalmatian Pelican na Red-breasted ọgazị. N'ime idobere, ọ bụghị nanị na nnụnụ na-ezu ike n'oge ụgbọ elu, ma ụfọdụ oyi Waterfowl umu.

Ebe i nwere ike na-ahụ banyere 100 umu nke azụ. Ụfọdụ iche iche nke ha nnọọ obere, n'ihi na ihe atụ, Umbria, iri obere na nnukwu, Sturgeon na Danube salmon. N'etiti mammals na idobere i nwere ike ịhụ ọhịa ezì, ọhịa cat na a akukonta nkịta, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ na amphibians. N'etiti ndi bi na idobere nke karịa 20 umu nke ụmụ ahụhụ, nke na-edepụtara dị ka nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Kọkeshịan Biosphere Reserve

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ya inception na 1924. Kemgbe ahụ, a na-echebe ebe a bịara na-echebe na omebe iwu larịị. Na mbụ, e nwere otu ihe nzukọ "Kuban ịchụ nta." The nke ebe Kọkeshịan Biosphere Reserve - karịrị 250 puku hectare .. Nke a idobere bụ ihe pụrụ iche na ya mara mma na di iche iche nke umu nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.

Kọkeshịan Biosphere Reserve na 1999, e depụtara ka a UNESCO eke ihe ndị nwere mkpa n'eluigwe. Territory kemgbe 1997 bụ akụkụ nke mba ofesi na netwọk nke Biosphere mee. Nke a bụ nanị idobere nke Greater Caucasus, bụ nke dị n'ebe ịdị elu nke banyere 3.5 km elu oké osimiri.

nche-eme

Kọkeshịan Biosphere Reserve bụ ihe ihe, na ókèala ugbu a n'okpuru gburugburu ebe obibi na izi-eme. Ma ihe bụ a Biosphere idobere, na ihe bụ isi Aims?

Caucasus Nature Reserve a nditịm-echebe ebe, ebe ị pụrụ ịchọta obere eke ihe ndị dị mkpa eke ma ọ bụ na nkà mmụta sayensị uru. Ọrụ ya na-arụ research nke obere umu hụrụ na ókèala ya, nlekota usoro nke Biosphere, nakwa dị ka nyochaa mmetụta na ndụ ntule anthropogenic ihe, nakwa dị ka ha nchedo ihe ndị a.

Ọrụ dị mkpa nchedo idobere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ya n'ókèala site na akụ na ụba ọrụ, n'ihi na ọ ga-anọgide na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla mgbanwe mere odidi nke madu. Ya na-enyere aka research ọrụ kwere ka usoro mgbasa ozi aka ịkụziri ọha na eze.

Landscape idobere

Kọkeshịan National Park nwere a pụrụ iche obodo ebe. Ebe i nwere ike ịhụ ndị dị elu elu ugwu dị larịị, ọnụ ọnụ ugwu, Ikuku cuesta ridges, ọtụtụ obere ọdọ mmiri ndị na ugwu osimiri, coniferous na weere ọhịa.

Gịnị bụ a Biosphere idobere dị otú ahụ a ọnọdụ? Ọ nwere a ugwu ugwu teren, nke e ji vetikal zonation. Ebe e nwere nival belt, subalpine mbuaha ọhịa, coniferous na beech oké ọhịa, na ndị ọzọ. Na-aṅụju, ị pụrụ ịhụ na oké ọhịa na ahịhịa, nakwa dị ka ọdọ mmiri ndị na ugwu iyi. The ọnụ ọnụ ugwu na-kpuchie na ndu ebighi-kpụkọrọ, nke sitere na ọtụtụ osimiri nke idobere.

ahịhịa

Doputa The osisi bụ iche iche. N'otu uzo kwesiri na tundra osisi na okpomọkụ na-ahụ n'anya. The ógbè osisi na-agụnye ihe fọrọ nke nta 3000 umu, nke karịrị 200 ụdị osisi na osisi ogide.

Mgbe idobere etolite pụrụ iche fir. Ke adianade do, ebe a ị nwere ike ịhụ osisi na-adị kemgbe tupu ice oge. Nke a holly, yew, laurel na Ginseng. Emee na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke iche iche tomato, mkpụrụ osisi na herbs.

The fauna nke Caucasus Nature Reserve

Nature mee na akpa ebe kere iji chebe pụrụ iche ụmụ anụmanụ proozhivayuschih na a akpan akpan mpaghara. karịa 70 umu mammals ebi na Kọkeshịan Reserve. N'etiti ha, ọhịa boar, bear, ele, lynx, Kuban wolf, nkịta ọhịa, ewi, marten na ndị ọzọ na obere ụmụ anụmanụ. Of otu dị mkpa maka idobere bụ dike Bison.

Ke adianade do, na ókèala ndị idobere i nwere ike ịhụ ihe karịrị 240 ụdị nnụnụ. Ọ bụ ndị dị otú ahụ a obere umu dị ka bearded, griffon udele, ọlaedo ugo, Kọkeshịan black grouse. Ọtụtụ n'ime nnụnụ ndị a akwu na ókèala nke Kọkeshịan Biosphere Reserve.

Na nganga nke idobere bụ nnukwu dịgasị iche iche nke azụ, nke e nwere na-banyere 20 umu. Ọtụtụ mgbe na osimiri ị pụrụ ịhụ na agba aja aja trout. Ke adianade do, iri ụdị amphibians dị ka newt, osisi frog na Kọkeshịan pasili Frog na fọrọ nke nta 20 ụdị akpụ akpụ. The kasị n'ime ha - a Kọkeshịan ngwere na Aju. ọtụtụ mushrooms na-eto eto na ókèala nke idobere - fọrọ nke nta ka a puku umu. Otu n'ime ha, 20 ndị na-edepụtara dị ka nọ n'ihe ize ndụ.