Voronikhin Architect Andrey Nikiforovich: biography, Construction

Ndị a ma ama Russian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin mere ka otu nnukwu onyinye mmepe nke ụlọ ije. Ọ na-e wuru iji ike a pụrụ iche oyiyi nke St. Petersburg. Na ndụ n'onwe ya atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ kwesịrị nsọpụrụ, na ihe ijuanya, ebe bilitere site serfdom ka ụlọikpe ahụ, ọ nọgidere na ezi onwe ya na uwa.

Family na Nwata

A. N. Voronihin mụrụ n'ime obodo nke New Usolye October 17, 1759 na Perm n'ógbè. Nna ya bụ onye serf of agụ A. S. Stroganova. Na nso nso a karị, m na-eje ije gburugburu Petersburg akukọ Andrew bụ n'ihi ihe extramarital omume na ala Stroganoff Martha. Ma-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ama mgbe si mesoo a isiokwu, na ndị ikwu ya nile haa agọnahụ a version. Alexander Stroganov ogologo oge bụ president nke Academy nke Arts na St. Petersburg, na ya ala na ụlọ a dịgasị iche iche nke nkà na crafts e mepụtara, e nwere ọtụtụ noo. Na otu onye n'ime ha, na ogbako nke icon ese ihe, na-amụ obere Andrew, onye nnọọ anya gosiri talent maka eru.

akpọ

Stroganov nnọọ na-ahụ talent nke ndị mmadụ na-adịghị anya hụrụ nwa ahụ ike n'ala n'ime ezinụlọ. Ya mere Andrew bụ na ogbako nke Gavrila Yushkova Ilyinsky n'ime obodo, na Tyskorskom obibi ndị mọnk. Na 1777 Stroganov eziga a nwata nọgide na-akụziri na Moscow, ebe Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin amụ sere. Ọ na-akawanye a miniaturist nkà, mgbe na-amụta n'ọnọdụ sere. Ma, n'oge a, akara aka na-eweta ya na isi architects nke Moscow - V. I. Bazhenovym na M. F. Kazakovym. N'okpuru ha mmetụta Voronikhin mmasị ije. Sere na-anọgide a na-enwe ntụrụndụ maka ya, na ndị ọzọ ohere ikwu echiche ha na ije. Na 1778 o wee akụkụ ke sere nke Atọ n'Ime Otu Lavra of St. Sergius na a otu na ndị ọzọ Moscow nwe.

afọ nke ọmụmụ

Na 1779, Gụọ Stroganov transports Voronikhin na St. Petersburg, ka o nwee ike na-ekere òkè dị oké njọ ọmụmụ na ubi nke ije. O bi ulo agụ, ọ bụ enyi na nwa-ya Paul. Boys ọnụ ka ọtụtụ njem Russia, na-eleta Moscow, n'ebe ndịda nke Russia, Ukraine, na-eleta ndị Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Mkpokọta Njem ahụ were afọ ise. Boys nnọọ nso onye ọ bụla ọzọ, na-eche fọrọ nke nta ka ụmụnna. Agụmakwụkwọ ha e nyere iwu si France na ndụmọdụ nke Denis Diderot nkụzi - Zhilber Romm. Na-eto eto na-Ịhazi ihe ọmụma na akụkọ ihe mere eme, sayensị, mgbakọ na mwepụ na-asụ asụsụ. Ụdị agụmakwụkwọ bụ juru na Russia n'oge.

Na 1786, Gụọ Stroganov enye Voronikhin serf ya nnwere onwe, na ọ bụ fọrọ nke nta ka a ka na-eziga Pavel Alexandrovich na Zhilberom Rommom na nnukwu esenidụt tour, rụrụ na ego si agụ Stroganov. Nke a na usoro nke inweta ihe ọmụma nke ụwa bụkwa ụdị nke narị afọ nke 18. Andrew Voronikhin, onye biography na-jikọrọ ha na ndị ezinụlọ Stroganov, na Pọl gara leta Germany, Switzerland, France. E Voronikhin nwetara ezigbo ihe ọmụma nke ije, ọ nlezianya mụọ ihe na-ewu nke Europe, akpan akpan na ọtụtụ awa a ga-ebibi ndị na-amụ arụsị na Paris, mere a otutu osise.

revolutionary nwata

Future-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Voronikhin na Gụọ Paul Stroganov etched Paris, ebe ọ na-amụ ije, na-arụzi ụgbọala, akụkọ. N'ebe ahụ, ha hụrụ ndị French mgbanwe. Onye Ozizi Zhilber Romm na-eto eto bụ ifịk Republican na ike ife efe echiche ha Stroganov, mgbe Voronikhin di anya n'ebe revolutionary ihe, ọ bụ ihe ụtọ nke art. Ọ na-etinye a otutu oge na ọba akwụkwọ, gaa na ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, na-arụ Empire style, na n'ikpeazụ mma site ọchịchọ ịghọ-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Na Pọl na Gilbert na-ifịk ke revolutionary eme. Gụọ A. N. Stroganov ngwa ngwa mkpa nke na-eto eto ha n'ala nna ha. Romm na-anọgide na Paris, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị amamihe ndú, ọbụna a akụkụ nke mgbakọ ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ a ọhụrụ kalenda nke Republic. Mgbe e mechara, ya na ndị ọzọ okpuru guillotined.

The mbụ nzọụkwụ ke ọrụ

Na 1790, ndị atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-alaghachikwuru St. Petersburg, na ya nchebe kpebie na ọ dị njikere maka oké ọrụ, na-atụkwasịkwa ya obi wughachi na tinye n'obí ya, bụ nke e merụsịrị mebiri emebi na a ọkụ. Na isi adahade Voronikhin nwughari. The ọrụ kpuchie a nnukwu ebe, ọ enwezu a Ọbá akwụkwọ, nkà gallery, ụlọ iri, ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ nzukọ na-adọta a ịnweta kabinet. Kpụrụ Baroque mma, kere Rastrelli, na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke mgbanwe ke echesinụ oge gboo style. Stroganoff bụ nnọọ ụtọ na o protégé. Voronikhin, ewu nke nke dị iche na-akpachapụ, style na gosiri na ya dị ka a dị oké njọ na eru-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Nke a meghere ụzọ maka ndị ya n'ime ọrụ.

na-aghọ a-nwe

Mgbe m gụsịrị ọrụ Stroganov Obí, na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-amalite restructure Voronikhin ubi eserese na Black River, wee rụchaa ụlọ na ala na ụlọ nke Gorodnya. A nnukwu oru ekwe na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na iru ha na ha echiche nke residential ije, ya enweta bara uru nkà na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ recruited ọkachamara ike na obi ike.

N'ihi na veranda oru ngo maka alaeze ukwu biri na Peterhof Voronikhin ọ natara aha academician nke ije. Tupu mgbe ahụ, na 1797, ọ na-e ọdịda aha academician nke n'ọnọdụ sere maka usoro nke mepere emepe Okirikiri, tinyere ọrụ "na-ele gallery na Stroganov Obí," "Ụdị Stroganov cottages", nke ọ na nkwekọrita na-agwakọta abụọ nke ọkacha mmasị gị nka.

Stroganov dacha na New Village, kere Voronikhin ghọrọ ikpeazụ ewu nke mbụ oge na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ. Na ụlọ a bụ ama n'ụzọ zuru ezu anya ọnụ ọgụgụ na ike nke talent nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ.

Kazan Cathedral

Na 1799 na St. Petersburg na ọ bụ a mpi maka oru ngo nke Kazan Church na Nevsky -Atụmanya. Emperor Paul m chọrọ n'ezie ịhụ na Russian isi obodo Ọdịdị, yiri na ịdị ebube nke St. Pita na Rome. Ọtụtụ eminent architects n'okpuru ha oru ngo nke echiche, ma ka merie ndị mpi a nta mara Andrew Voronikhin. Kazan Cathedral e hiwere na 1801 na e wuru maka 10 afọ. Ngo wee na-organically Palladian style, nke mepụtara na Russia Charles Cameron. Voronikhin rụkọrọ ọrụ na ndị English-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, na-eme n'ọdịnihu maka ya na eze ukwu iwu. Achọsi ike myirịta na katidral na Rome esịmde-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-eji semicircular veranda nwere ogidi, nke a na-mara na prospectus Neva. Grand Ọdịdị aghọwo otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mbụ ụlọ ke Russia. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ya e kere eke mgbagwoju anya nke ebe ọdịda, nakwa dị ka enweghị ego, nke na-achọ mgbe nile mgbanwe n'isi nke katidral. The chọọchị na-na-nsọ na 1811, n'otu afọ na-ede akwụkwọ nke oru ngo e nyere Order of St. Anne na nri na-enweta a ego ezumike nká si kwuo àkù.

Ugwu Institute

Na 1803 Voronikhin amalite ọrụ na nke abụọ kasị mkpa ná ndụ ya oru ngo - ụlọ nke Mining Institute. Alexander m debere n'ihu ndị atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-akụda ozi - iji mepụta a Ọdịdị, na nke ndị mba ọzọ ga-ekpe ikpe ịdị ukwuu nke Russian ala. A. N. Voronihin aghụghọ a ụlọ ke ọkacha mmasị gị Greek style, ma ozugbo idetuo oge ochie ije, na ike a oge a onodi banyere ya. Grand owuwu ụzọ mbata na ogidi enye ụlọ a pụrụ iche ha pụtara na ịdị ukwuu. Ntụle echiche abụọ nnukwu sculptural otu "Hercules na Antaeus" na "Rape nke Proserpine" Russian ọkpụ. Russian Alaeze Ukwu na ụlọ a na-gụnyere ya kasị mma atụmatụ. Na mgbakwunye na mputa aghụghọ Voronikhin anụ ụlọ oru mma, na-enye dị oké mkpa ka zuru ezu. The ebube ụlọ na Doric ogidi n'otu dechara mejupụtara Vasileostrovsky eme mkpagharị ma nye n'anya ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị Winter Obí chọrọ. Na-eme ka ogologo owuwu ụzọ mbata bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ọhụrụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ echiche nke oge ya.

Petersburg agwa Voronikhin

Ke ukem na-arụ ọrụ na Kazan Cathedral-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Voronikhin eduga ọtụtụ ọrụ na Pavlovsk, nke na-ewuli ama Pink Pavilion, na-ewuli àkwà mmiri na ọtụtụ ụlọ dị iche iche na nzube. Voronikhin bụ ya bụ akwụkwọ nke Italian ulo-ǹdò, ọtụtụ cascades na veranda na Peterhof. Ọ na-emezu onwe Ụlọrụ, akpan akpan na Minister na-nwughari nke ụlọ na-enye na Obí mkpọda, na-arụ ụlọ Stroganoff ezinụlọ mansion Golitsyn ụlọ uka. Master wee akụkụ ke e kere eke nke Mint na Pita na Pọl Ebe e wusiri ike, e mere isi-iyi n'Ugwu Pulkovo.

ulo elu

Na 1803,-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Voronikhin aka nwughari nke etiti ụlọ nke n'obí ke Pavlovsk. Maria Feodorovna tụkwasịrị obi-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, ọ trims ya ulo na ndị Winter Obí, n'ihi ya, ọ dabeere na ya uto ma mee ka ọ na-isi-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Pavlovsk. Voronikhin kpamkpam reschedules ewu, na-emepụta aghụghọ n'ihi na sere uko ụlọ. Fọrọ nke nta n'otu oge, na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-arụ ọrụ a remake nke n'obí Sheremetev on Fontanka. Ha chọrọ ịmepụta otu n'ime ime na fashionable oge gboo style, na Voronikhin nyeere ha aka na nke a. O kere a saa mbara ụlọ nzukọ nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị mmadụ.

Ọzọ dị ịrịba ama na-arụ ọrụ nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ - bụ ndị Konstantinovsky Obí na Strelna. The ụlọ na-ike rekasịrịla kemgbe oge nke Peter Onye Ukwu, na onye-nwe nyere iji mee ka anya, ma modernized interiors. Voronikhin kpamkpam re-zubere esịtidem mma, e interiors na Alaeze Ukwu style, na-eduzi ọrụ na oru ngo a. Otú ọ dị, na 1803 a ọkụ fọrọ nke nta ebibi n'isi, na ndị na-esonụ nwughari nke na-ama ebubo ọzọ atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ.

nzuzo

Andrew Voronikhin (1759-1814) biri ihe na-akpali ndụ, na a nnukwu ibu na-arụ ọrụ, ọ chọpụtara, na ndụ ezinụlọ. Back na 1801 na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na nwunye na nwa nwaanyị nke onye English pastọ Meri Lond, ma ọ bụ Maria Feodorovna na Russian n'ụzọ. Ọ bụ ihe mbụ a governess n'ulo nke Stroganoff ma mgbe ahụ draftsman na-arụ ọrụ maka 10 afọ na ndị ukwu. Bride jụrụ ịgbanwe okpukpe, na alụmdi na nwunye Voronikhin nwere na-anakọta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. Mgbe agbamakwụkwọ na-eto eto na di na nwunye biri n'ụlọ ya. Di na nwunye ahụ mụrụ ụmụ isii, ma fọrọ nke nta niile biri ogologo, taa kpọmkwem ụmụ Voronikhin ekpe. Architect ọtụtụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ya mapụtara oge mmasị agba, na-agụ a otutu.

Mmecha nke ụzọ, na ebe nchekwa

Architect nwụrụ February 21, 1814. E liri ya na prestigious eli St Petersburg, na Alexander Nevsky Obibi. On ya ncheta ẹwụtde silhouette nke ụmụ ndị Kazan Cathedral - isi ụlọ nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ.

Ole na ole ụlọ Voronikhin ọbọhọ. Ma mmadụ abụọ n'ime ya isi masterpieces ka icho mma Petersburg. Na-anwụghị ụfọdụ nke ya interiors na a dịgasị iche iche nke oru ngo na-enye otu echiche nke ike nke talent. Eserese Voronikhin echekwara na hermitage na Russian Museum, nakwa dị ka na collection nke Academy nke Arts.

ụmụ akwụkwọ Voronikhin

Russian Alaeze Ukwu dị na ọrụ nke kasị zuru ezu n'onwe Voronikhin. Eso ụzọ ya nọgidere azụmahịa nkụzi, ụfọdụ n'ụzọ nkịtị. Ya mere, kama Andrei Mikhailov abara lekọtara ndị na-ewu nke Kazan Katidral. Na ya nwebisiinka ụlọ Mikhailov ndị a omenala Voronikhin. Ihe ịga nke ọma nke ya ewu bụ na chọọchị nke St. Catherine on Vasilevsky Island. The mfe na nghọta nke imewe Voronikhin e mere na style. Ọzọ na-amụrụ - Denis Filippov - nọgidere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ije dị ka akwụkwọ nke Academy nke Sciences ụlọ na Vasilevsky Island, nke nwekwara nwere ahụkarị atụmatụ nke Voronikhin Alaeze Ukwu. The atọ ịrịba na-eso ụzọ na-eso ụzọ nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ - Petr Plavov - a maara dị ka Onye Okike nke Obukhov Hospital na Zagorodny Prospekt na steepụ Board of Trustees. A oru ngo na-na-e na a oge gboo style akwalite Voronikhin.