A dịgasị iche iche nke osisi. Gịnị bụ a osisi di iche iche

Peering si na windo ma ọ bụ nanị na-eje ije n'okporo ámá, ị nwere ike anọgide na-enwe mmasị ịma mma nke okike. Na ihe niile a mara mma na-mere ihu ọma dị nnọọ osisi. Ndị dị otú ahụ a dịgasị iche iche nke na-egbuke egbuke, na; ma na kemmiri ihe, ha dị nnọọ beckon aka ha, na-enweta ha flavor na ọtụtụ na-enwe mmasị na ịma mma.

The iche iche nke osisi ntule

Oh, ihe e nwere a dịgasị iche iche nke osisi! Total ụbọchị, e nwere ihe karịrị 350,000 ụdị ndị a pụrụ iche e kere eke nke okike. All nke ha abụghị otu dị ka mpụga Ọdịdị, na na ndụ na ime atụmatụ.

Na organic ụwa usoro iri dum osisi alaeze. The mfe nhazi ọkwa nke a ntule ga-ndị dị otú ahụ:

• ala (ahu ekewa akụkụ, a algae na lichens);
• elu (ahụ na-ekewa akụkụ, bụ ndị nwere a mgbọrọgwụ, na esiwe na epupụta).

N'aka nke ya, na osisi di iche iche nke kasị elu Atiya gosiri na nkewa n'ime ndị na-esonụ iche iche:

1. Spore (mosses, ferns, horsetails, club mosses).
2. Gymnosperms (conifers, Ginkgo, sagovnikovye).
3. Angiosperms, ma ọ bụ okooko osisi.

Ọ bụla otu nwere ya Ịhazi ọmụmụ, genera na umu, nke bụ ya mere a dịgasị iche iche nke osisi na mbara ụwa anyị bụ oké.

Life forms

Otu n'ime ndị isi na mgbakwasị nke nnọchiteanya nke osisi si dị iche na onye ọ bụla ọzọ, bụ anya. Ọ bụ akụkụ a nke ihe ndabere maka nhazi ọkwa nke ndụ iche-iche. Osisi di iche-iche nwere ike hụrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị were ha dị iche iche:

1. Osisi (conifers: pine, spruce, fir na dị ka; deciduous: birch, akpu, poplar, apple, wdg).
2. Bushes (lilac, hazel, honey suckle, na na. D.).
3. Bushes (currants, bilie n'úkwù, raspberries).
4. Osisi (wormwood, Astragalus, eurotia, Salsola).
5. Semishrubs (lavender, sage).
6. Ezie (ahihia ute, sedge, ichefu-m, Solomon akara, okooko lili, na na).

Nke a nhazi ọkwa-ekpuchi naanị elu angiosperm osisi, nke ọtụtụ ndị planet.

algae

The dịgasị iche iche nke osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ na oké osimiri nile na oké osimiri ka mgbe e mmasị n'ebe niile na-eme nnyocha na ndị hụrụ nke mmiri n'okpuru osimiri ụwa. Mara mma ma na ihe ọhụrụ, yi, ize ndụ ma na-apụghị ịzọ onwe ha, ha ka elu ụwa dum, ọ bụghị kpamkpam unexplored, otú alluring na omimi.

Gịnị na-ndị nnọchiteanya nke osisi hụrụ ebe a? Nke a algae na aquatic osisi, nọ na-na mmiri n'elu ma ọ bụ submerged na ya azụ na akụkụ nke azuokokoosisi.

Algae na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ ngalaba:

1. Blue-green (e.g., cyanobacterium).
2. Unicellular green (chlamydomonas, Volvox).
3. Green multicellular (ulothrix, Spirogyra, Ulvi).
4. Kelp (fucus, kelp, Sargassum).
5. Red (porphyry radimeriya).

The isi distinguishing atụmatụ nke ndị a osisi iso ke eziokwu na ha ahu (na multicellular nnọchiteanya) na-adịghị enwe na akụkụ. Ọ na-anọchi anya rhizoids na thallus, na-arụ ọrụ nke mgbakwunye ka mkpụrụ.

Okooko mmiri egwuregwu

The iche iche nke osisi nke na okenye na-ajụ na ọ bụghị nanị algae. Ya mere ọtụtụ ndị mara mma okooko nnochite anya bụ ụtọ na ya ebube, sere n'elu na mmiri n'elu ma ọ bụ na-emikpu n'ime ya nanị otu akụkụ.

Ndị a gụnyere:

• dị iche iche nke mmiri okooko lili;
• calla;
• vodokras nkịtị;
• bulrush;
• hippuris;
• loosestrife monetchaty;
• nọrọ n'ụlọ;
• Bolotnitsa agịga;
• manna;
• Urrutia mmiri;
• Siberia iris;
• Ranunculus mmiri;
• Air ala opitoropi na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Osisi di iche-iche nnu na ọhụrụ mmiri ozu bụ nnọọ ukwuu nke na ị nwere ike ịmepụta dum Okirikiri, ma wuru na eke. Ndị na-eji osisi icho mma aquariums, professionally mma ponds na ndị ọzọ na mmadụ mere na isi mmalite.

spore

Nke a na-agụnye banyere 43 puku. Iche iche nke dị iche iche ngalaba nke elu osisi. Ndị bụ isi na-na-esonụ:

• Bryophyta (mosses, imeju, antotserotovye, gbasaa akpaetu);
• Lycopsids (club mosses);
• Horsetail (Equisetum).

The isi mma - ọ bụ a ụzọ nke mmeputakwa, nke na-ebelata guzobe pụrụ iche mkpụrụ ndụ - spores. Na-akpali bụ eziokwu na ndị a osisi na-ebi ndụ, na-arụ eri oké nri nke ọgbọ na mmepe okirikiri: mmekọahụ ọgbọ asexual sporophyte gametophyte na-anọchi, na Anglịkan. Ndị dị otú ahụ na-anọchite anya na-enweghị ike ifuru na ụdị osisi na mkpụrụ osisi, n'ihi ya nke na udi nke spore. Ndụ ha bụ ukwuu dabere na mmiri dị ka ozuzu pụtara nanị na a iru mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Representatives nwere mkpa aku uru ma na-n'ọtụtụ ebe na bụghị nanị na ọdịdị kamakwa ndụ mmadụ. Ji achọ, ọgwụ ngwa bụ ha pụtara maka ụmụ mmadụ.

coniferous

Conifers bụ osisi na-nwere ndị na-esonụ atụmatụ:

• epupụta na-gbanwetụrụ n'ime a pụrụ iche agịga-dị ka ọdịdị na-akpọ "agịga";
• ndụ ụdị osisi - osisi na osisi;
• esịtidem Ọdịdị replete na mkpa mmanụ, resins na terpenes;
• osisi na-guzobere, ma e nweghị okooko osisi ebi;
• nkpuru nchọ na akpịrịkpa nke cones na n'anwụ, n'ihi ya aha ọzọ - Gymnosperms.

Umu anumanu na osisi nke coniferous osisi nke ukwuu, banyere 630. Ha na-eme a oké onyinye n'ozuzu di iche iche nke osisi ụwa, bụ ogologo ndụ ya na-bara uru ụdị osisi. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị na-akọ, e nwere pine osisi, nke nwere ihe karịrị 5000 afọ! Ọdịdị nke coniferous enliven mpaghara ọ bụla, utọ na fascinates na ya ubom. The kasị ahụkarị ụdị na-agụnye:

• pine;
• eri;
• osisi sida
• larch;
• cypresses;
• ise;
• junipa;
• yew.

Otu n'ime ndị isi mara mma atụmatụ nke ndị a osisi bụ na ha na-Evergreen na adịghị ẹduọk ha epupụta na oyi oyi oge (na wezụga - larch).

Okooko osisi, ma ọ bụ angiosperms

Nke a bụ ndị kasị ibu nke niile ugbu a maara dị iche iche nke osisi, nke na-eme atụmatụ na ihe karịrị 280 puku umu. The isi mma - bụ guzobe nke omumu ngwa nke ifuru, nke nwere a pụrụ iche Ọdịdị na-emegharị maka amụba.

Ifuru nwa osisi, na nkpuru-guzobere, bụ nke a na-echebe site na nwa ebu n'afọ anụ ahụ. Ọ bụ ya mere ndị a osisi na-akpọ angiosperms. Ha okooko osisi bụ otú iche iche anya, udi, agba corolla size na naanị ike iju na ihe-ebube.

Oké mkpa e nyere n'etiti okooko ọgwụ osisi. Ha na-enyere ndị mmadụ na ụmụ anụmanụ megide ọrịa dị iche iche nwere mmetụta na ọ fọrọ nke nta niile ahụ na usoro.

Nhazi ọkwa nke okooko ọtụtụ, otú ahụ ka anyị tụlee naanị ihe ndị kasị ezinụlọ abụọ isi na klas - monocots na dicots.

1. Monocotyledons: ọka (rye, wheat, oat, sorghum, millet, oka), lily (tulips, okooko lili, grouse), yabasị (yabasị, garlic, perennial ahịhịa ahihia).
2. Bipartite: Rosaceae (rose, ube, piom, apụl, raspberries, strawberries, bilie), urukurubụba, ma ọ bụ legumes (obere ego, lupins, acacia, soybeans, peas, klova, agwa), cruciferous (kabeeji, ndina n'ike, mustard, horseradish , radish), nightshade (tomato, ma ọ bụ tomato, ose, nightshade, eggplant, petunia, wdg), Asteraceae (dandelions, daisies, cornflowers, sunflowers, nne na onye nnochi anya nne, na ndị ọzọ).

A dịgasị iche iche nke okooko osisi ndị buru ibu nke ukwuu nke na ha na-ekpuchi niile nke otu isiokwu, N'ezie, agaghị ekwe omume. Mgbe niile, ezinụlọ ọ bụla na narị otu narị na ọtụtụ puku umu, nwere ya onye e ji mara na ihe owuwu ma na anya.

ajoo ulo oru ngo osisi

N'ụzọ dị mwute, n'agbanyeghị enweghị atụ mara mma nke ọtụtụ osisi nwere ike na-egbu egbu Njirimara, ie ha na-egbu egbu na mgbanwe kasịnụ nwere bekee pụrụ ibibi ma ọ bụ gbuo ndị mmadụ, anụmanụ na ihe niile ndị ọzọ na ụdị ihe dị ndụ.

Dị otú ahụ na-anọchite anya ga-ịme ka ụmụaka na-na nwata, nke mere na ha na-aghọta otú ihe pụrụ ịdị ize ndụ n'èzí ụwa. A dịgasị iche iche nke osisi nke nsi, bụ nnukwu ezuru, e nwere ọtụtụ puku umu. Iji aha nanị ole na ole nkịtị nnọchiteanya:

• snowdrop snow;
• Hyacinth n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ;
• ụbịa crocus;
• daffodils;
• amaryllis;
• lily nke ndagwurugwu;
• poppy soporific;
• lamprocapnos;
• buttercup nkịtị;
• iris;
• dieffenbachia;
• rhododendrons;
• oleanders na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

O doro anya na otu a nwere ike ekewet ọgwụ osisi. The ụba dose of ọ bụla na nkà mmụta ọgwụ nwere ike nsi.

carnivorous okooko osisi

Nti site na usoro nke ọkọnọ bụ ụfọdụ n'ime osisi nke okpomọkụ na ụwa nke mbara ala. Ha na-insectivorous na-ebipụta na-atọ ụtọ ma na-akpali akpali okpukpo na fetid ísì ụtọ. The isi ụdị:

• Venus flytrap;
• sundew;
• Nepenthes;
• Sarracenia;
• pemphigus;
• pinguicula.

Atugharị, ha na-akpali nnọọ mmasị na udi ma na-egbuke egbuke na agba. Ha nwere dị iche iche usoro na ngwaọrụ maka trapping na gbarie ụmụ ahụhụ na obere òké.