Abubara: Ọdịdị, ọrụ, Njirimara, na isi mmalite nke aru

The isi mmiri niile dị ndụ - edozi, abụba na carbohydrates. Ọdịdị, ọrụ na Njirimara ndị a ogige-enye dị oké mkpa ọrụ nke ntule bi na mbara ụwa anyị.

Abubara na-eke organic ogige , full esters nke glycerine na ọdụdụ asịd na a isi. Ha bụ ndị nke ìgwè nke lipids. A ogige nwere ọtụtụ mkpa ọrụ nke ahu na bụ ihe dị oké akụrụngwa na mmadụ nri.

nhazi ọkwa

Abubara, Ọdịdị na Njirimara nke nke ka ị na-eji ha maka nri, kewara ụmụ anụmanụ na akwukwo nri ke uwa. Nke ikpeazụ bụ na-akpọ mmanụ. N'ihi na elu ọdịnaya nke unsaturated ọdụdụ asịd na-na a mmiri mmiri ala. Isịneke - palm mmanụ.

Site n'iru nke ụfọdụ asịd, lipids iche na jupụta (stearic acid, palmitic acid) ma ọ bụ unsaturated (oleic acid, arachidonic, linoleic, palmitoleic, linoleic).

Ọdịdị

Ọdịdị nke abụba bụ a mgbagwoju triglycerides na lipoid bekee. Nke ikpeazụ bụ phospholipid ogige, na sterols. Triglyceride - Ester compound nke glycerin na ọdụdụ acid Ọdịdị na àgwà nke na-ekpebisi ike site na Njirimara nke abụba.

Ọdịdị nke abụba ụmụ irighiri na n'ozuzu ụdị gosiri usoro:

CH2-OˉCO-R '

m

Cho-CO-R ''

m

CH2-OˉCO-R '' ',

Na nke R - ọdụdụ acid buu.

The mejupụtara na Ọdịdị nke abụba ke ya Ọdịdị nwere atọ unbranched buu na ọbụna ọnụ ọgụgụ nke carbon atọm. Jupụta ọdụdụ asịd na-emekarị ọkọnọ stearic na palmitic, unsaturated - linoleic, linolenic na oleic.

Njirimara

Abubara, Ọdịdị na Njirimara nke na-ekpebisi ike site na ọnụnọ nke jupụta na unsaturated ọdụdụ asịd, nwere anụ ahụ na chemical e ji mara. Ha adịghị eme na mmiri, ma kpamkpam akadiahade na organic solvents. Saponified (hydrolyzed) ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-steamed, a ịnweta acid ma ọ bụ alkali. N'oge ndị dị otú mmeghachi omume na-amị ọdụdụ asịd ma ọ bụ ha salts na glycerol. The emulsion a kpụrụ mgbe ike na-akpali akpali na mmiri, ihe atụ nke a bụ mmiri ara ehi.

Abubara bụ mkpokọta hà ka ike uru nke 9,1 kcal / g ma ọ bụ 38 J / g. Ọ bụrụ na anyị atụgharịa ndị a ụkpụrụ n'ime anụ ahụ na-egosi, na ike na a ọnụego 1 g abụba, ga-ezu iji bulie 1 mita ibu erikpu 3900 n'arọ.

Abubara na ha molekụla Ọdịdị na-ekpebi ihe ndị kacha ha Njirimara, nwere nnukwu ike oriri, mgbe e jiri ya tụnyere carbohydrates ma ọ bụ na-edozi. Complete ọxịdashọn nke 1 g nke abụba ntọhapụ nke mmiri na carbon dioxide sochiri ugboro abụọ ume mmepụta nke combustion sugars. N'ihi lipolysis chọrọ a ụfọdụ ego nke carbohydrates na oxygen.

Na ụmụ mmadụ na ndị ọzọ na-enye nwa ara na abụba - otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa ike suppliers. Iji na-anọsi n'ime eriri afọ, dị mkpa emulsification site a bile acid salts.

ọrụ

Na mammals abụba akpọ ọrụ dị mkpa, Ọdịdị na ọrụ nke ndị a ogige ke akụkụ na usoro nwere dị iche iche pụtara:

1. ike ọkọnọ. Ọrụ a - na isi maka abụba. Ruru akwa ume ọdịnaya, ha bụ ndị kasị soplaya "mmanụ ụgbọala". Ebuka bụ n'ihi deposition n'ụdị ego na ya.
2. Nchedo. Adipose anụ ahụ envelop ozu ma si otú na-adịghị ekwe ka ha mmerụ ahụ na uburu mgbaka, nro ma banye mpụga metụtara.
3. Kwes mkpuchi ihe. Abubara nwere ala thermal conductivity na, Ya mere, na-na-ekpo ọkụ nke ahụ ma na-echebe ya site hypothermia.

Tụkwasị na nke a atọ bụ isi ọrụ, abụba ịrụ ọtụtụ onwe. A ogige ịnọgide na-enwe dị mkpa ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe atụ, enye ekwedo na ike ikpa, melite ụbụrụ. Membranous sel subcellular organelles idowe ha mebere atumatu ma na-arụ ọrụ ekele òkè nke abụba. Vitamin A, D, E na K pụrụ inweta naanị n'iru ha. Ibu, mmepe na omumu ọrụ bụkwa n'ụzọ dị ukwuu dabere na ọnụnọ nke abụba.

Ahụ mkpa

Ihe dị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ahụ ume-akwụ ụgwọ ka elu abụba, onye Ọdịdị na-enye ohere iji dozie nsogbu a ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ahazi nri. Ngụkọta oge nke mkpa kwa ụbọchị na-ewe n'ime akaụntụ ụdị ọrụ na afọ nke onye. Ya mere, ọtụtụ abụba dị mkpa na-eto eto na-eduga n'ọrụ lifestyles, dị ka na-eme egwuregwu ma ọ bụ ndị na-arọ na-arụ ọrụ. Mgbe ịnọkarị otu ebe ma ọ bụ nchepụta izu ezu nke ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ a ga-ebelata ka zere oké ibu na yiri nsogbu.

Ọ dịkwa mkpa ka a tụlee Ọdịdị nke abụba. Of bukwanu mkpa bụ ruru nke unsaturated na jupụta asịd. The ikpeazụ ikpe nke oké oriri nke abụba metabolism ichegbu ịrụ ọrụ nke eriri afọ tract, enwekwu-ekwe omume nke omume nke atherosclerosis. Unsaturated asịd nwere na-abụghị mmetụta: weghachi nkịtị metabolism, mwepụ nke cholesterol. Ma n'ụzọ na-eduga ná afọ mgbu, ọdịdị nke nkume na ńsí eriri afo na excretory tract.

isi mmalite

Fọrọ nke nta niile oriri nwere abụba, ewu ha na usoro nwere ike dị iche iche. The wezụga bụ na akwụkwọ nri, mkpụrụ osisi, na-aba n'anya, na mmanụ aṅụ na ndị ọzọ. Ngwaahịa na-ekewa n'ime:

• Bold (40 ma ọ bụ karịa grams kwa 100 grams nke ngwaahịa). Nke a na-agụnye butter, majarin, mmanu abuba, ọdụdụ meats, ụdị ụfọdụ nke sausages, akụ na ndị ọzọ.
• Nkezi abụba ọdịnaya (20 40 g kwa 100 g ngwaahịa). The Group na-anọchi anya ude, abụba gbara ụka ude, obi cheese, ọtụtụ iche iche nke cheese, sausages, anụ, ọgazị, chocolate, achịcha, halvah na ndị ọzọ na ihe na ato uto.
• Low-abụba (20 grams ma ọ bụ obere kwa 100 g ngwaahịa). Ha na-agụnye: osikapa, buckwheat, agwa, agwa, achịcha, ọkụkọ, akwa, azu, mushrooms, ọtụtụ mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa na ndị ọzọ.

Ọzọ dị mkpa bụ na chemical Ọdịdị nke abụba, na-egosi ma a akpan akpan acid. Dabere na nke a, ha nwere ike jupụta, unsaturated na polyunsaturated. First hụrụ na anụ na ngwaahịa, mmanu abuba, chocolate, gbazee abụba, palm mmanụ, aki oyibo mmanụ na butter. The unsaturated asịd bụ ugbu ke okuko anụ, na mkpụrụ oliv, Cashew, ahụekere, olive mmanụ. Polyunsaturated - walnuts, almọnd, pecans, osisi, azụ, nakwa dị ka na sunflower, flaxseed, rapeseed, ọka, cottonseed na soybean mmanụ.

Ọkachamara ahụ

Akụkụ nke ihe owuwu nke abụba chọrọ ime a set nke iwu mgbe ọ na-eru elu nri. Nutritionists nwere ike ikwu na ha rube isi na-esonụ mmekọrịta:

• Monounsaturated - ruo ọkara nke ngụkọta nke ukwu nke abụba;
• Polyunsaturated - nkeji iri na ise;
• Jupụta - iri na ise.

Na nke a, na akwukwo nri abụba ga-eme ka elu banyere 40% nke nri, na ụmụ anụmanụ - 60-70%. Older ndị mmadụ mkpa ịmụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbụ 60%.

Amachi ma ọ bụ ewepu si nri ga transfats. Ha na-ọtụtụ-eji imewe nke sauces, Mayonezi, confectionery ngwaahịa. Emerụ abụba doro oké okpomọkụ na ọxịdashọn. Ha nwere ike dị na French fries, nduku ibe, donuts, achịcha na dị ka. D. Site niile a ndepụta nke kasị dị ize ndụ ngwaahịa, na njikere nke nke mere na rancid ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ugboro eji mmanụ.

bara uru quality

Abubara, Ọdịdị nke nke na-enye ihe dị ka ọkara nke ngụkọta ike nke ahụ, nwere ọtụtụ ihe bara uru atụmatụ:

• Cholesterol na-eme ka mma carbohydrate metabolism ma na-enye a njikọ nke dị mkpa ogige - n'okpuru ya mmetụta na-emepụta adrenal steroid homonụ;
• banyere 30% nke okpomọkụ na-emepụta ahụ mmadụ aja aja abụba anụ ahụ dị na olu na elu azụ;
• ewi na nkịta refractory abụba, gwọọ akụkụ okuku ume na ọrịa, gụnyere ụkwara nta nke akpa ume ọnya;
• phospholipid na glyukolipidnye ogige na-gụnyere ke niile anụ ahụ, na-synthesized na digestive akụkụ na ịgbagha guzobere cholesterol mbadamba nkume ndị e ịnọgide na-enwe imeju ọrụ;
• ekele phosphatides na sterols na-akwado site na mgbe nile mejupụtara cytoplasmic isi nke ụjọ usoro mkpụrụ ndụ, na synthesized vitamin D.

N'ihi ya, abụba dị ihe dị oké mkpa akụrụngwa na mmadụ nri.

Ngafe na erughi

Abubara, Ọdịdị na ọrụ nke ndị a ogige bara uru naanị na-agafeghị oke oriri. N'ọtụtụ ihe ha nwere na-eme ka oké ibu - a nsogbu na bụ mkpa ka niile mba ndị mepere emepe. Nsogbu a na-eduga ná ụba arọ ahụ, ibelata na agagharị na-arịa ọrịa na ahụ ike. Ọ na-enwekwu ihe ize ndụ nke atherosclerosis, gbasara obi ischemia, ọbara mgbali. Ibu oké ibu na ya pụta karịa ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu.

Erughi nke abụba na ihe oriri na-eme ka na-arịa ọrịa nke anụ ahụ, na slows ala na mmepe nke ahụ nwatakịrị ahụ, disrupts ịrụ ọrụ nke omumu usoro, emetụtakarị nkịtị cholesterol metabolism, na-eme atherosclerosis, ọ gaghịzi na ụbụrụ na ụjọ usoro n'ozuzu.

Nri kwesịrị ekwesị plan, na-echebara mkpa nke ndị na organism na abụba ike nyere aka gbochie ọtụtụ ọrịa ma melite àgwà nke ndụ. Ọ dị oké mkpa na-agafeghị oke ha oriri, na-enweghị ngafe na erughi.