Africa ọkwá na mmekọrita ọzọ na-na oké osimiri, na agwaetiti, bays, ihe isi ike. Gịnị bụ atụmatụ nke ala ọnọdụ nke Africa?

Africa - a Afrika na ebe bụ nke abụọ naanị Eurasia. Ụwa na-aga fọrọ nke nta n'elu n'etiti akụkụ. Africa ọkwá na mmekọrita ọzọ na-bụ ezigbo mmasị. A Afrika kpamkpam, na a wezụga ole na ole, adaghị ebe n'etiti ugwu na n'ebe ndịda n'ebe okpomọkụ.

Description nke Afrika

Geography ihe na ụmụ akwụkwọ 7th ọkwa nwere ike inweta ọrụ, "Kọwaa African ọnọdụ na mmekọrita ọzọ na-." Ịrụ ya ike ịmalite na-esonụ nkọwa. Continent saa site ọtụtụ oké osimiri na oké osimiri. West Coast gaa Atlantic, n'ebe ndịda nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - na Indian Ocean, ugwu - na Mediterranean na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - Oké Osimiri Uhie. Africa na-aghọ akụkụ nke ụwa, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị gbakwunye na Chile nso isuo. Ọ enyene 6% nke elu nke mbara ala Earth na 20% nke ala ebe.

Si n'ebe ndịda, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na-agwụ Afrika mkputamkpu. Ọ Agulhas, Almadies na Hafun karị. The ọnụ ọnụ ebe ugwu nke Ras ben Sakka ọkọnọ. The Afrika nwere ike ghara ịnya isi dị ukwuu nke àgwàetiti. The kasị ama na kasị n'ime ha - Madagascar. Na-akpali mmasị ọnọdụ nke Africa na mmekọrita ọzọ na-na oké osimiri, na agwaetiti, bays, ihe isi ike.

Somali dịịrị banye na mmiri na-emi odude ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, wedging n'ime Indian Ocean. Gulf of Guinea mebiri ezigbo contours nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ oké osimiri. The obosara nke ebe ugwu ọkara nke Afrika bụ 7.5 thous. Km, e nwere ọtụtụ bays. Adịghị adị fọrọ dịghị akụ dị elu, ọgwụgwụ breakage. Serious omimi ma dị ike surfs ka ndị na-ewu ụgbọ mmiri na arịa agakwuru nnọọ ike.

Mediterranean na Oké Osimiri Uhie - a eke ókè-ala n'etiti Africa na Eurasia. Natural na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe nke ugwu nke Afrika reminiscent nke ndịda Europe na n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Asia. Gibraltar mkpagide obosara nke 14 km - mgbochi n'etiti Old World na Africa. Suez warara ijikọ Chile na Asia. Na XIX na narị afọ mgbe e gwuru ọwa n'ihi na amaokwu nke ụgbọ mmiri. Tinyere African n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndị kasị mkpa azụmahịa waterways nke Old World na Australia na Asia.

Ọnọdụ na Africa na Australia na mmekọrita ọzọ na-

Ndịda kọntinent nwere nkịtị atụmatụ ala ọnọdụ, nke na-emetụta ndị eke na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe. Isi ebe nke Africa na Australia bụ nso ụwa, otú ha n'elu tụlee a ọtụtụ anyanwụ radieshon. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na ego nke okpomọkụ agafere n'ala, ọ fọrọ nke nta adịghị agbanwe dị iche iche ọnwa.

Ndịda kọntinent nwere adịghị ike anụ ahụ nkekọ ọ bụla ọzọ na na ọzọ na-. Isịneke bụ Africa, nke a n'ụzọ doro anya ejikọrọ na Yurop Afrika. Australia nwere dịghị n'ala nkwurịta okwu na ọzọ na-ebe n'etiti Mesozoic. Ụbọchị ndị a, n'etiti kọntinent bụ fọrọ dịghị mgbanwe nke na-anọchite anya nke anụmanụ na osisi ụwa. Africa si obodo ọnọdụ na mmekọrita ọzọ na-ekwe ka ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi na-akpali unu kpamkpam karịrị. Nature nke Arabian Peninsula na Sahara na Atlas region na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere yiri atụmatụ nke Oké Osimiri Mediterenian.

Australian Chile Foto ekesịpde site Southern Hemisphere. Northern n'ọnụ paired na-ekpo ọkụ na oké osimiri. Pacific archipelagos mmetụta na-ebelatawo, nke chebe Afrika site n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ n'ebe ndịda na-enye, Australia bụ ndị kasị dịpụ adịpụ. Nke a bụ eziokwu nwere ike mmetụta na obodo na osisi fauna.

Africa na oké osimiri

Ọnọdụ banyere ọzọ na-Africa nwere ike ji dị ka ndị a:

• Western nsọtụ na kọntaktị na oyi na-atụ iyi.
• Ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ikperé mmiri bụ n'okpuru nduzi nke na-ekpo ọkụ na mmiri pụta.
• Nsọtụ ebe ndịda na-asa site na ike okwukwo nke ọdịda anyanwụ ifufe nke mara mma jụụ.

Atụmatụ ndị a na-efekarị ihe niile n'ebe ndịda na-enye, nke N'ezie, ụfọdụ mmegharị. Ndị na-esonụ parameters bụ kpọmkwem na Afrika:

• Odude ziri ezi n'etiti ụwa. Southern na n'ebe ugwu nke ụsọ bụ fọrọ nke nta ahụ dị ka obosara.
• Northern ọgwụgwụ na-enwe mmetụta bụ Oké Osimiri Mediterenian, a na-apụta ìhè ọdịdị nke gbara ya gburugburu ebe nke Afrika.
• Africa - a onye agbata obi nke Yurop Afrika na nwere myirịta na South-West Asia.
• Dị nnọọ otu n'ime n'ebe ndịda kọntinent ukwuu n'ime dị na n'Ebe Ugwu Ụwa. Nke a bụ Africa.

The size na udi

Ịtụle ọnọdụ nke Africa na mmekọrita ọzọ na-na oké osimiri, tinyekwara ya shapes na nha. The n'elu ebe nke Afrika bụ 29,2 nde kilomita ^2, nke bụ ihe dị ka ọkara nke Yurop.

Ụdị ndị Chile iwu, nkịtị ka niile kọntinent nke ụwa:

• N'ebe ugwu nke kasị ọtụtụ na ndịda - warara.
• The kasị ibu obosara - na ala latitudes.

Equatorial, ebe okpomọkụ na márá Ihu Igwe mpaghara-ekpuchi ihe dị 85% nke ebe nke Africa. Nke a bụ ahụkarị nke na-enye, nke di na Ndida. Northern kọntinent nwere naanị 20% nke ebe ndị a.

shoreline

On ihe Afrika ga bụghị mesoo, nwere ike ime na-enweghị banyere nkọwa nke obodo Njirimara nke na nsotu nile nke Chile ọnọdụ. Africa bụ sokwa. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụnyere ogo roughness nke dị iche iche shapes nke kọntinent (ruru nke ebe nke ókèala ji site nnukwu peninsulas, ka ndị fọdụrụ n'ime elu nke Afrika), anyị na-enweta ndị na-esonụ foto:

• 1:99 - African.
• 1:50 - South American.
• 1: 4 - Australian.
• 1: 3 - na Yurop, na North American.

Ke ofụri ofụri, na kọntinent na-dị na ndịda latitudes, nwere a ukwuu nta ọtụtụ nnukwu peninsulas.

The ọmụmụ nke Afrika

Africa ifịk ifịk malite ịmụ na njedebe nke XVIII narị afọ, mgbe Western nnyocha ọkụ n'obi na-ọhụrụ na isi mmalite nke ịnweta ego nke okike. The ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ukwuu nke njem ndị mmadụ merela hazie n'ime Afrika. Ọ na-e-amụ top, na mgbe ahụ na n'etiti na ala esịmde nke. Niger. Njem gafere Sahara.

Mgbe nke a na-amụ na-emetụta ndịda nke Afrika. Ekpep p. Limpopo. Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị na aka ke njem nkọwa tributaries nke Blue Nile. Ji nwayọọ nwayọọ kpughee ọhụrụ ọdọ mmiri, ugwu, osimiri amu. Otu ihe ndị na-amụ ihe site na njedebe nke XIX na narị afọ bụ a nnyocha e mere nke osimiri: ndị Congo, Nile, Zambezi na Niger. Ná mmalite nke narị afọ sochiri na-adịdebeghị mmiri hụrụ ịrịba ego nke eke ego.

enyemaka

The enyemaka na ọnọdụ nke Africa na mmekọrita ọzọ na-nke Earth - n'ihi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme mmepe nke Afrika. The elu ọ bụ peculiar. The isi ebe a na-arụ site na mbara ọzara na elu ugwu dị larịị, nke dị n'ebe ịdị elu nke 200-1000 m elu oké osimiri. Di ala ala ebe obere. The kasị ama nke ala dị larịị - East na South Africa. The-akpọlite ebe ọzọ n'oghere (Kalahari Congo wdg).

Tectonic akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Afrika

Gịnị bụ obodo ọnọdụ nke Africa na ya akụkọ development? Ndabere nke Chile nke Arabian-African n'elu ikpo okwu, bụ nnọọ oge ochie. Ọ na-e guzobere n'ihi nke gbawara n'etiti nke Gondwana, nke pụtara na Archean-Proterozoic. Ole na ole ijeri afọ, n'elu ikpo okwu na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Northern Atlas Mountains na Southern Cape kpụrụ ihe mgbe e mesịrị.

Giant ikpo okwu tara ahụhụ oge elevations na subsidence. Northern n'ọnụ ọtụtụ ugboro bụ n'okpuru oké osimiri. Ke ukot nke crystalline nkume bụ sedimentary n'ígwé. Ọzọkwa n'ebe ndịda, na n'etiti Sahara, ntọala n'elu.

The elu nke ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda nke Afrika e guzobere a dị iche iche n'ụzọ: ogbugbo mgbe ebili na oge izu. Ha na-apụta na-arụ ọrụ agbọpụta ọkụ. Ke ikpehe emi, - a plurality nke mbara ọzara kpụrụ lava aga. Grabens jupụtara na mmiri na tụgharịa ọdọ. Mgbawa ugwu ahụ na ịma jijiji cortex hụrụ nnọọ. The esemokwu mpaghara bụ agbọpụta ọkụ, n'etiti ha - Kilimanjaro. Nke a bụ kasị elu mgbe nke Chile, nke bụ hà 5895 mita.

minerals

Gịnị bụ obodo ọnọdụ nke Africa na ịnweta mee? The Afrika nwere a ọgaranya set nke ubi, ọtụtụ nke bụ n'etiti ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa.

Ore minerals - gold, ígwè, ọla kọpa, zinc, wdg -. Nwe oge ochie ntọala n'elu ikpo okwu. Ọ mejupụtara ndị na-esonụ oké nkume: igneous na metamorphic. Ogaranya ego adị na ndịda nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ógbè nke Afrika. Gold mee Africa edu na ọla kọpa họọrọ abụọ na ụwa.

Diamonds - ọzọ àkù nke Afrika. Na nkume ndị a na-eji ọ bụghị nanị na na ubi nke ọla, kamakwa dị ka ndị hardest ihe na ụwa. Africa na-enye ½ nke ụwa na diamond ina. The ego nke nkume a dị na Southwest na na etiti na mpaghara nke Afrika.

ihu igwe

Africa ọkwá na mmekọrita ọzọ na-na-akọwa ya Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe. Ọ na-atụle ga kacha ekpo ọkụ ugbu ebe na mbara ala. Isi akụkụ nke Afrika ji okpomọkụ n'elu +20 ºC. Ọnọdụ ndị a na-metụtara a Inweta nke Africa n'etiti ugwu na n'ebe ndịda n'ebe okpomọkụ. Na mpaghara ebe a, anyanwụ adahade elu, ugboro abụọ n'afọ adaghị zenith. Seasonality kwupụtara abụghị nke ukwuu okpomọkụ iche dị ka ọdịda.

Ekesa ikuku aga kpebisiri Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe, ogo hydration na ya periodicity. N'elu ụwa, a n'ógbè ala nsogbu, na akuku okporo osisi - elu. Trade ifufe kpuchie nta dum Africa. Ọdịda wetara naanị ifufe ịfụ si n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Na oyi mmiri ozuzo subtropics kpụrụ si ooh ikuku, na-abịa site Atlantic.

onodu ubochi zones

Ịtụle ọnọdụ nke Africa na mmekọrita ọzọ na-, ọ dị mkpa ime ka ndị nke nke igwe na abukari zonation:

• Equatorial belt. Ọ na-agụnye a efere. Congo na n'ebe ugwu Gulf of Guinea.
• Tropical belt. South na n'ebe ugwu Equatorial.
• Galik mpaghara. Ọ na-agụnye n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda n'ọnụ nke Afrika. Climate ọnọdụ ndị ezigbo maka ụmụ mmadụ.

A ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-adịghị na mbụ na nke abụọ zones, na-ewere ya ihe Equatorial-okpomọkụ. Na ókè-ala ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke iru mmiri ọnwa.