Agha nke Galicia ke 1914 nkenke. Results nke Galician agha

Onye ama ama agha Galicia bụ akụkụ nke Russian agha n'ebe dị mmalite nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ. A na saịtị nkewa Southwestern Front buso Austria-Hungary.

Ọnọdụ tupu ọrụ

The First World War malitere na mmalite nke ihe mberede ndị agha nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. The esemokwu dara na mberede, na niile n'isi obodo nke ụwa ruo n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ na-enwe olileanya iji zere ọbara. O sina dị, Austria na Hungarian ofufe na Serbia mere ya ọrụ, na Nicholas II agbala a manifesto na mmalite nke agha. Ke akpa ọnwa nke mkpọsa ọ bụghị naanị ufiop agha, ma na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ke ọnụ ọgụgụ nchikota ndi mmadu di nke ndị nkịtị. The nkịtị ndị ngwa ngwa ọzụzụ ma gaa n'ihu n'usoro na faịlụ.

On northbound Russian agha malitere imegide East Prussia - German n'ógbè. Na Ndida nke eze ọchịagha nwere na ihu ọzọ iro - Austria-Hungary. Habsburg onyeeze, kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi mmekorita nke Germany, na ugbu a ma nke mba ndị a na-ahazi ha omume megide Romanov Alaeze Ukwu.

Austria-Hungary bụ nnukwu obodo, ya, ihe ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Galicia, Bukovina, na Romania. All ndị a anāchi achi ogbi nkuku nke alaeze ukwu. Western Europe maara ihe fọrọ nke nta ihe ọ bụla banyere n'ọnụ - maka ha mmepeanya biri na Budapest. Ọ bụ n'ebe na e nwere a agha nke Galicia.

Russian n'isi ụlọ ọrụ

Ebịne na Austria na July 1914, South-Western Front ngwa ngwa ike. Nke a usoro mmekorita gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị agha. Ọ ghọrọ onyeisi ndị ogbunigwe, Gen. Nikolai Ivanov. N'oge afọ nke ije agha, ọ na-ejide a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dị mkpa mkpọsa - Russian-Turkish agha Bulgaria, nakwa dị ka Russian-Japanese agha.

Onye nke general ewu ewu ụtọ ambiguous. Ka ihe atụ, Anton Denikin, kwuru okwu nke ya dị ka mmadụ, enweghị ihe ọmụma zuru ezu nke dị aghụghọ. The Russian agha ahụ bụ ebe nile echiche na ihe niile ha Mmeri ke isi na-achọ ka ndị Chief nke Staff Mihailu Alekseevu.

The ọhụrụ ọnọdụ nke agha

Agha nke Galicia, nakwa dị ka ọ bụla agha agha, gosiri na niile mgbe agha akwụkwọ bụ nanị ihe mgbe ochie. The ọchịagha ka na-eduzi ndị na-ụkpụrụ nakweere na XIX narị afọ. Ọ na-adịghị n'ime akaụntụ dị mkpa nke ọhụrụ ụdị ngwá agha - ogbunigwe na ugbo elu. Ná mmalite XX narị afọ, ndi agha esesịn ibu a ihe gara aga, nke gosiri n'ụzọ doro anya na First World War. Galician agha na mwụfu ọbara, na egwu nke na ọ bụ kpam kpam na-atụghị anya maka na ha dịkọrọ ndụ.

Shapkozakidatelskie ọnọdụ ike na Iv nke agha niile na-emegide mba - Germany, Russia, France, wdg ọ bụla ike chere na ọ ga-abụ pụtara ngwa ngwa amanye March ka emeri onye iro ... Ihe atụ, na Berlin, a na-e zoro aka na dị ka ihe atụ nke Franco-Prussian agha nke 1870-1871., Mgbe ihe na-erughị otu afọ dum French e meriri ndị agha. N'ezie, na ha na-arụkọ na Central Powers ihu a ogologo oge ọgwụgwụ egbu.

Ọdịda nke direction na Polish

Rịba ama na agha nwere bụghị Galicia agha dị otú ahụ, ma dum ọrụ, esịnede a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke agha. Ise Russian agha n'okpuru iwu nke Nikolai Ivanov malitere ya agha 5 August (ochie style). Multiple njikọ wee ha n'ebe dịgasị iche. Na nke a n'ihu obosara 500 kilomita. The mbụ Ebumnuche nke na-akpasu iwe bụ ọdụm, ma ọ bụ German Lemberg.

Kewara Army wee ha n'ebe dịgasị iche n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. The mbụ isi agha a na-Krasnikov, mgbe Antonio Salza 4 Army chere ihu na agha na ndị Victor 1 Dunkley. The Austrians wakporo ịka agha. Mgbe ogologo na ike agha Salz nyere iwu a ichighaazu na putara ighe mkpa obodo nke Lublin. N'ihi ya, Russian agha na n'ihu òkè Polish okpu.

N'ihi na ọdịda nke dị n'ebe ugwu Ivanov nwere nyefee ọtụtụ nkewa na iyi tojubigara ókè nke na-aga n'ihu nke 1 nke Austrian agha. The eduzi were jupụtara agwa. Ha na-mgbagwoju anya site ogbenye ụzọ na-emebi n'ihu mpaghara. Russian agha site na mmalite mere spraying n'elu a ọtụtụ ebe na-akpasu ya iwe. Na n'oge ọrụ, na karịsịa mgbe ọ na, a tactic e-akatọ.

Russian njem n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ

Ọ bụrụ na ndị tsarist agha enweghị chioma na n'ebe ugwu, ndị Austrians okpu Central direction. The isi agha na mpaghara wee ebe na n'igbere mmiri na Golden Linden. Habsburg agha gbaghachi azụ. August 21 dara Ọdụm 22 August - Galich. The Austrians gbalịrị ịlụ ọgụ obodo ukwu. Arọ ọgụ na-aga 50 kilomita site ndị a niile. Site September, ichighaazu ndị agha Frantsa Iosifa bụ ya mere ahazighị ahazi na dị yiri a ewee nọrọ n'ọgba aghara.

Ka ọ dịgodị, na East Prussia, ndị Germany na-gbara ya gburugburu na meriri ndị agha Samsonov. The n'ozuzu ya onwe ya gburu onwe, na-enweghị ike iburu ihere. Nke a mere n'ihi na eziokwu na na East Prussia Russian ejikwara site abụọ dị iche iche agha. Ma ọ bụrụ na onye e bibiri, ọ bụ ugbu a jikọọ na abụọ agha na-Austrians, nke nyere ihe ọzọ kwalite iwe na ndịda-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.

Site September 13 dum mpaghara e ji site Russian agha. N'ihi ya biri agha Galicia n'afọ 1914. Ekemende soro nnọchibido Peremyshl ọtụtụ ọnwa, n'oge nke n'ihu n'etiti abụọ ike Nọsi'ike bụ banyere 120 kilomita n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ obodo.

uru

The ọbara agha Galicia, na ihe nke ahụ bịara doo anya mgbe agha, gosiri a zuru ezu enweghị ike nke Austrian agha maka ịga agha edinam. Nke a bụ n'ihi technical backwardness, ogbenye akụrụngwa na-ekwesịghị ịdị na mgbawa nke General Staff. Army corrodes si n'ime n'ihi na mba esemokwu ahụ. The eziokwu na ndị agha dị bụghị naanị Austrians na Hungary, ma nnọchiteanya nke Slavic iche iche. Ndị ahụ bụ ndị Czechs, Slovaks, Croatia. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na e guzobere na-oké egwu na Habsburg ọchịchị ndị eze, na-ewere ha ala na-arụ. Ya mere, na Austrian agha Ugboro ikpe nke soja na Transition ka n'akụkụ Russia. Slav-ele anya na eze egeghị naanị agbaji Habsburgs, ma na-enye nnwere onwe nke mba ha.

N'ezie, nke a na-ele abụghị eluigwe na ala. Na n'etiti Czechs nwere ọtụtụ royalists, onye lụrụ ọgụ na jikọrọ aka nri ruo kpọmkwem ná njedebe. Ke adianade do, na agha nke Galicia, na obere, weere ọnọdụ na gburugburu ebe ebe a agha ka malitere, na aku nsogbu ama ma see ọdịmma nke agha mba.

The mmeghachi omume nke Germany na Russia

Enweghi ike iguzogide Austrians Russia mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị Germany na-enyere ndịda ya onye agbata obi. Na Western Front, ebe agha were a positional, Germany malitere nyefee ha nkewa. Dị jikoro aghọwo mgbe wee ruo mgbe bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke udo na Soviet ọchịchị.

Na Russia, e nwere kemgbe a ịhụ mba n'anya ịnụ ọkụ n'obi, ekele na ọ dịghị nta mee ka agha Galicia. Year nke agha niile na-elekọta mmadụ agha akwado eze ike. Mgbe n'ihu kwụsịrị, na na mba nke aku nsogbu, ndị bi n'alaeze ukwu gbanwere echiche ya banyere mkpọsa.

weere nke ọzọ

The Austrians furu efu 300 puku gburu ma merụọ, 100 puku ndị mmadụ nọ na ndọta-n'agha. The mba gafere a ife nke re-nchikota ndi mmadu di, na n'ụzọ ụfọdụ chefuo n'ihi ọdịiche na ndị agha. Russian weere ndị na-ịrịba ama. Banyere 200 puku ndị e gburu ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ, ọzọ 40,000 e mkpọrọ.

Agha nke Galicia (1914), na obere, ihe niile dị egwu nke agha gosiri a ọhụrụ ụdị. Mgbe firing ogbunigwe ndị natara dị otú ahụ unan, nke na-na mbụ okosobode ubi n'ịwa ahụ. The egwu akara aka nke ndị agha mere ka mmalite nke a na-agbasa echiche na mkpọsa na Russia ịkpọlite ego maka kwesiri enyemaka. Gafee mba, meghere n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe ilekọta ọhụrụ nkwarụ na nkwarụ. A obere ka e mesịrị, ezinụlọ eze nyere iwu mmeghe nke Winter Obí a pụrụ iche ọgwụ, ebe ọkọdọ merụrụ ahụ lagoro ezumike nka, gụnyere ndị si South-Western Front.