An ahụrụ anya ọmụmụ

Ụzọ nke cognition nke ọdịdị ịgụnye dị ka ha n'ókè nke generality, obosara nke ngwa. Ụzọ nke jikeere ndị a usoro nke ụkpụrụ, na iwu na chọrọ. All ndị a ọcha na-eme ka ihe nweta nke set ihe mgbaru ọsọ. The onye nwere usoro, nwere ihe ọmụma nke na ihe usoro na otú mejuputa ndị ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ. Ihe omume ndị a, n'aka nke ya, na-mkpa iji lebara ndị ma ọ bụ nsogbu ndị ọzọ.

Malite nke mmepe nke ozizi nke usoro tọrọ na nkà mmụta sayensị na ihe ọmụma nke oge a. Anọchitekwa anya nke oge na-ewere ihe ọmụma na-anabata nduzi ụfọdụ mgbe na-akpụ akpụ ezi, a pụrụ ịdabere na ihe ọmụma. Ka ihe atụ, Bacon (mara ọkà ihe ọmụma narị afọ nke 17) tụnyere cognitive usoro-ejegharị. Ọ ghọtakwuo ụzọ njem, na-akpali na ọchịchịrị.

Ahụrụ anya ọmụmụ na-agụnye ndị niile ụzọ, usoro nke akpịrị ọrụ, igba na Nwa nke ihe ọmụma, nke bụ kpọmkwem n'ihi ihe bara uru omume ma ọ bụ na ha. N'ihi ya, otu ìgwè nke abụọ oriri. Ahụrụ anya nnyocha na-agụnye iche na ịmụ ihe, nakwa dị ka nhazi na systematization nke ihe ọmụma nweela. Ọ nwere ike na-egwuri n'ụdị a ndepụta. N'ihi ya, ahụrụ anya ọmụmụ na-agụnye:

1. Observation. Nke a na usoro nke-achịkọta ọmụma na ndabere nke fixation na ndebanye aha na data natara ibido.
2. The ọmụmụ nke isi akwụkwọ. Nke a na Usoro dabeere a na-amụ ọmụma dere na mbụ akwukwo.
3. Tulee. Nke a na Usoro-enye gị ohere ise ihe ntụnyere n'agbata ihe abụọ.
4. N'ihe. Nke a na usoro mmemmem quantitative mkpebi siri ike nke ahụ n'ezie ụkpụrụ na usoro nke Njirimara nke ihe na-amu. Na nke a, iji kwesịrị ekwesị e ji atụ nkeji, dị ka amps, rubles, oru ugboro na ndị ọzọ.
5. Regulatory usoro kpọmkwem na-agụnye iji ike nkọwa. Arụpụta n'ezie na-jiri ya tụnyere ndị ụkpụrụ. Nke a na-enye ohere usoro nnabata. Site n'enyemaka nke ụkpụrụ nwere ike ikpebi ọdịnaya na mejupụtara nke ọrụ, mgbagwoju anya nke ha, mmejuputa iwu, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọrụ, ndị na na. Standards otú kwesịrị ezi uche, na-ekpuchi dum dum usoro, nakwa dị ka nwere a Ná ekwe na-aga n'ihu agwa.
6. Scientific nnwale. Nke a na usoro dabeere na-amụ ihe (phenomena) na ọnọdụ kere artificially.

Ụmụntakịrị na isi usoro ihe ọmụma nke na-agụnye ihe ahụrụ anya ọmụmụ na-ekwu. Ọ mejupụtara na a haziri ahazi, Ịhazi nzube nghọta phenomena na akpọkwa nke mpụga ụwa.

Observation nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ. Karịsịa, ọ dabeere na ụfọdụ usoro iwu ọkwá ma ọ bụ na-akwalite ozizi. Observation enye a ngwọta a nsogbu kpọmkwem, ọ na-enyere na Nwa nke ajụjụ, nakwa dị ka nkwenye na-hypotheses. Ọ haziri na Ịhazi agwa, bụ a Ịhazi na eliminates random njehie. Mmejuputa nlekota-agụnye iji ihe dị iche iche ngwá - microscopes, ese foto, telescopes na ndị ọzọ na-esi n'aka na-akwalite mgbasa nke ubi nke ọmụmụ.

Iji nweta quantitative data nwere ike ịbụ site na akaụntụ ma ọ bụ akụkụ.

Na ji atụ (ịgụ), na chọpụtara akụkụ nke ihe ọmụma dị otú ahụ a usoro, dị ka nnwale. Mejuputa ya, na-amụrụ emetụtakarị ọnọdụ nke ule na-achị. The nnwale bụ otu n'ime ndị bara uru ụdị nke na ijikọta iwu okike na na mmekọrịta nke akpọkwa.