Russian Futurist na-ede uri. Silver Age Futurist

Site na njedebe nke afọ iri mbụ nke narị afọ nke 20 na Western Europe na-agbasa a ọhụrụ modernist direction na ọkà okwu na-akpọ "Futurism" (si sụgharịa Latin - "ga-eme n'ọdịnihu").
Ọ na-ewere dị ka nna nna nke ndị Italian dere Filippo Marinetti, kwusara na 1909, mbibi zuru ezu nke niile guzosie ike ụkpụrụ ọdịbendị na ọdịnala ndị na oyiyi nke ụwa. Kama nke Futurist na-ede uri sere na-agụ akwụkwọ 'anya taa ngwa ngwa paced ndụ, na-họọrọ na-ekwurịta ihe banyere ọdịnihu. All isi ndokwa na e depụtara na manifesto, na-ede akwụkwọ nke mbụ n'ime ha wee malite Marinetti.

Ịmepụta a radically ọhụrụ nkà bụ ndị mbụ nzube nke Futurists, ma na Europe na na Russia. Edemede e nwere na-akwado nka na ndị na-iwere dị ka a ndabere maka ụmụ mmadụ image na center nke na-aga n'ihu nke ụwa, n'ụzọ ihe atụ na-anọchi anya dị ka a ukwuu nke geometric shapes.

Atụmatụ lyrics Futurists

The dike nke ọhụrụ ọrụ nke avant-garde direction - a obibi nke oge a na obodo, ya dynamism, elu-ọsọ, nza nke na ngwá na electrification, na-eduga mgbe ukwuu okè nke ndụ. In-a me "m" futurists aggressively achọ na-esi pụọ na ndị oge gboo gara aga, nke na-egosipụta na a akpan akpan mindset nke na-adịghị anabata iwu nke syntax, okwu guzobere na lexical ndakọrịta okwu. Ebumnobi bụ isi na-achụ site Futurist na-ede uri - ibuga gị àgwà na nghọta nke ihe na-eme gburugburu site ọ bụla pụtara kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na onye.

Formation nke Russian avant-garde

Na Russia, a ọhụrụ na-emekarị na-amalite na-udi ke 1910. Nke a bụ oge mgbe uru ewu ewu, ọtụtụ na-ede uri nke Silver Age. Futurists ngwa ngwa dọtara anya. Na mgbakwunye na pụrụ iche art ụdị amaokwu (niile banyere), ọ na-akwalite na-eme scandalous okwu n'ihu ọha na a njem na kasị obodo nke Russia.

Russian Futurism, na iche na European, abụghị ndị zuru okè, dị iche iche heterogeneity. N'agbata avant-garde emi mgbe ụfọdụ hụrụ nnọọ a arụmụka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ. E nwere ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ebe ndị Futurist na-ede uri sitewo otu òtù ọzọ. Ma nke kasị ịga nke ọma ka nwere abụọ emmepe nke a na-emekarị: Moscow na St. Petersburg.

Ego-Futurists

Ke edere edere isi obodo na-ede uri ọhụrụ na 1912 ha ji ịdị n'otu kwadoo Ivan Ignatiev. Ha kpọrọ ndị Ego-Futurists onwe ha, nke pụtara "M - n'ọdịnihu." A na-eduga itie ke a gburugburu meriwo Igor Severyanin (Lotarev), nke bụ a afọ tupu depụtara isi atụmatụ mbụ aha na ọhụrụ ntụziaka uri. N'echiche nke ya, "na-ike nile, ego" na-aghọ a n'ihu nke ihe ọ bụla nwere ike iguzo. Ọ bụ ya na, ọ bụghị amenable ka pacification, nke ruru n'ọtụtụ ya kasị ememe, akpọtụ, na echiche nke na-ede uri, ọ bụ naanị ezi norm.

Nkwusa "Petersburg crier" bụ ikpo okwu site na nke ndị Futurist na-ede uri. Lyrics of dị iche iche ọhụrụ okwu formations na mmegharị Russian asụsụ asụsụ mba ọzọ, ọkacha mma German na French keugwu. N'ihi ya, ihe Ego-Futurists enwetara àgwà, na-agba obere ihe yie ndị nketa nke ha Italian ogbo, onye guzo si malite nke avant-garde emekarị akwụkwọ.

"Gilea"

Dịtụ iche St. Petersburg na okwu nke àgwà depiction nke eziokwu Moscow na-ede uri-futurists. The ndepụta amalite na ụmụnne ha Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Velimir Khlebnikov. Ha na-eguzogide "m" obi "anyị," ma na-akpọsa onwe ha Cubo-Futurists. Ideological ikpo okwu maka ha bụ ikpokọta "Gilea", guzobere na 1910 na Moscow.

Ha na-echeta mgbọrọgwụ ya na nganga na-eyi aha "Russian Futurists". Ede uri gbalịsiri ike ikewapụ onwe ya si Italian ibe, na Khlebnikov ọbụna nyere inye ntụziaka nke a aha ọhụrụ - "budetlyanstvo" nke ga-mesie ya iche na ihe masịrị onye. Ọ na-ama ahụ bipụtara scandalous manifesto "ụra na ihu ọha uto", ozugbo dọtara uche nke dum Russian intelligentsia. Nke a sochiri ikpọ arụmọrụ na okwu, na nke Futurist na-ede uri eju na-ege ntị na ya anya na arụ (eche Mayakovsky na ya a ma ama odo jaket ma ọ bụ na-ede uri na-ese ihu). Defiantly anya n'akwụkwọ nke ha poems, manifestos, omume na e biri ebi ọ na ochie wallpaper, mgbe ahụ, na wrapping akwụkwọ, na ọ bụghị mgbe niile iji zọpụta ego. Onye iwe zuru ejighị ẹdude edemede norms na e kere eke nke pụrụ iche na okwu na nnọọ unconventional ụzọ nke ederede formatting, kama, na-na, dị ka ọ nwere ike, ihe a dum gasịrị nyere "ike emegbu" (dị ka ha na-emekarị na-akpọ ke otu) a oké olu na-ọma kwesịrị aha "na-ede uri nke Silver na narị afọ. " Futurists "galea" ọma positioned na Russian akwụkwọ ma mee ya mmepe na mma.

Vladimir Mayakovsky

Na-ede uri-revolutionary na a na-enupu isi - ya mgbe o kwuru banyere ihe ndị kasị ama nnọchiteanya nke Russian Futurism. Ná mmalite nke 1912-1914 oge gua okike ụzọ Mayakovsky. Ma ọ dị mma ikwu na echiche nke avant-garde direction kpụrụ aesthetic uto nke na-ede uri na kpebisiri ike ya akara na akwụkwọ. Na n'afọ iri abụọ, ọtụtụ kwenyesiri ike na Mayakovsky - Futurist na-ede uri, dị ka ji na ọhụrụ syntax nke ọrụ ya, a ụdị okwu, okwu Nleta n'ụba nwebisiinka, pụtara metaphors. All atụmatụ ndị a nke nkà style nke na-ede uri nwere ha mgbọrọgwụ na n'oge na-arụ ọrụ, na-akpọ na-eti mkpu. Na mgbe a afọ iri na aha ya bụ isi metụtara omume nke Futurists.

Ọzọ avant-garde ọnọdụ

Na 1913 ọ ada udi "Mezzanine nke Poetry" (B. Lavrenev, Shershenevich) na "Lyrics", site na nke iche a afọ mgbe e mesịrị "Centrifuge" (Boris Pasternak, N. Aseev) (na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ futurists nke abụọ nkpọkọta). Ìgwè nke mbụ disbanded kama ngwa ngwa. "Centrifuge", nke kere ruo 1917, dabeere na classic edemede omenala, organically ijikọta ha na futuristic ọhụrụ. Otú ọ dị, na nke a bụ oké a maara nke ọma na-ede uri nke ahụ enweghị isi. Boris Pasternak ka ihe atụ, n'oge na-adịghị akwapụrụ mpaghara ebe a na emewo na akwụkwọ nke otu nọọrọ onwe ha uri.

Famous na-ede uri nke Silver Age Futurist

List of nna ukwu nke okwu, na-nọgidere na-enwe a na-ogbo nke okike ya echiche nke avant-garde, bụ nnọọ ọtụtụ. Na-ekere òkè na-eme ụfọdụ nke Futurists adịteghị, ebe ndị ọzọ nọgidere na kpuchie nke direction ofụri ọrụ. Lee ndị kasị a ma ama na-anọchite anya nke ahọrọ dị iche iche.

Cubo-Futurists:

• Burliuks - founders;
• Khlebnikov - inspirer;
• Mayakovsky - kasị ndị pụtara ìhè ndị ọrụ ha ekemende gaa n'ebe dị anya gabiga direction;
• Kruchenykh.

"Centrifuge":

• N. Aseev,
• Boris Pasternak,
• S. Bobrov.

Ego-Futurists:

• Nchoputa - "Eze nke na-ede uri" J. Ugwu,
• S. Olympus
• Ivanov,
• M. Lokhvitskaya.

"Mezzanine nke Poetry":

• Shershenevich,
• S. Tret'yakov,
• R. Ivnev.

Rubezhnoe Mbụ Agha Ụwa na mgbanwe

1913-1914 afọ - oge nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ebube, bụ nke ruru ebe Russian Futurists. Ede uri e ọma ghọtara na niile edemede okirikiri, haziri a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ngosi, nkuzi, uri mgbede. Na 1915, anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere "ọnwụ" nke Futurism, ọ bụ ezie na "Centrifuge" adị n'ihi na ihe karịrị 2 afọ. Echiche nke futuristic echiche na-nụrụ na mgbe mgbanwe isua 20: na mmalite nke afọ iri na - na ọrụ na-ede uri si otu nke Tiflis "41o", na mgbe ahụ na amaokwu oberiutov Petrograd. Ha na-ka na-arụsi "mma" nke asụsụ, na-agbanwe ya lexical, syntactic, graphic usoro.

Russian ọgụgụ isi mmekọrịta Futurism

Ntoputa nke a ọhụrụ ntụziaka na pụrụ iche na omume nke ndị nnọchianya ya nwere mmasị ntị nke Russian intelligentsia. Ọtụtụ emegiderịta okwu n'oge ọrụ nụkwara megide Futurist na-ede uri. List nkatọ na meghere ghọtara mgbe symbolist Bryusov. The nkọcha "ihe ọhụrụ" o tinyere ha na-egosipụta na ọtụtụ ụzọ, "debited si Italian", na a na-adịghị mma àgwà ndị omenala nke Russian omenala. Otú ọ dị, o kwuru ò ọka na-arụ ọrụ nke Moscow na St. Petersburg futurists na na ya nwere olileanya na ha nwere ike "na-eto eto n'ime okooko osisi." Isi ọnọdụ - na-gaa na akaụntụ ẹdude ahụmahụ nke Symbolists.

Ezighị-aghọta ọhụrụ na-ede uri Ivan Bunin na M. Osorgin, uglyadevshie na ọrụ ha na omume nke hooliganism. Gorky, na iche, hụrụ ntoputa nke Futurists na Russian akwụkwọ a na-adọ na mkpa n'ezie.