Andreas Vesalius: Biography na onyinye nye ọgwụ (foto)

Taa, anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere nke a oké ọkà mmụta sayensị, Andreas Vesalius. Photo na biography nke ya pụrụ ịchọta ke ibuotikọ emi. Ọ bụrụ na ị pụrụ ịtụle onye a nna Mmebe, mgbe ahụ, n'ezie, Vesalius. Nke a n'okike, Onye Okike na nchoputa nke oge a na Mmebe. Ọ malitere otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-amụ mmadụ site autopsies. Ọ bụ site na ya nke niile e mesịrị ọganihu mmewere.

Na a nnọọ ike oge na-arụ ọrụ Andreas Vezaly. An afọ o biri ndụ, ndị ji ndị na-achị na chọọchị dị na n'akụkụ nile nke ndụ, gụnyere ọgwụ. Autopsies na-aju, na a mebiri nke ban nnọọ ahụhụ. Otú ọ dị, ihe niile agaghị agbahapụ, Andreas Vesalius. Onyinye bayoloji nke a ọkà mmụta sayensị gaara ọtụtụ obere ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-agaghị anwa anwa na-kwụpụ n'elu adighi na omenala. Ma, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na-n'ihu ya, ọ kwụrụ ụgwọ ahụ maka ha ji echiche.

Chọrọ ịmụta ihe banyere onye ukwu a, Andreas Vesalius, na onyinye bayoloji bụ uru? Anyị na-enye aka na ya mma site n'ịgụ isiokwu a.

Mmalite Vesalius

Andreas Vezaly (ndụ afọ 1514-1564) bụ nke genus Whiting, onye ogologo biri Nimvegene. Medical ọkà mmụta sayensị a na ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke ezinụlọ ya. Dị ka ihe atụ, oké-akwa nna nna Andreas, Peter, bụ a prọfesọ na Rector nke University of Louvain, a dọkịta nke Emperor Maximilian. Dị ka a bibliophile, na bupu treatises na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, ọ bụghị mapụtara ego maka zuo nke ihe odide, na-etinye on ha a akụkụ nke ya uba. Pita dere a nkọwa na anọ n'akwụkwọ nke Avicenna, oké Oriental ọkà mmụta sayensị. Akwụkwọ a na-akpọ "Canon of Medicine".

Andreas nna nna nna, John, bụ onye nkụzi. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ndị University of Louvain, ebe ọ lectured na mgbakọ na mwepụ, nakwa dị ka a dibịa. Everard, nwa Jọn na nna nna Andreas, sokwaara nna ya nzọụkwụ, emejuputa na nkà ọgwụ. Andreas, nna nke Andreas Vesalius, jere ozi dị ka a ọgwụ nwanne mama Carlos V, Princess Margaret. Francis, nwanne anyị dike, dịkwa ụtọ nke na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ghọrọ a dọkịta.

Nwata ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị

December 31, 1514 mụrụ Andreas Vezaly. A muru ya na Brussels na tolitere n'etiti ndị dọkịta na ndị letara ulo nna-ya. Site a nnọọ obere, Andreas eji ọbá akwụkwọ nke treatises na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, ikwu n'ụzọ na ndị ezinụlọ site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọgbọ. Ọ mepụtara mmasị a na ubi nke ihe ọmụma. Ọ ga-kwuru na Andreas ukwuu erudite. O chetara niile nchoputa na e mere site dị iche iche dere, na kwuru na ha n'ihe odide ya.

Education na University of Louvain na na College of Education

Andreas na afọ 16 afọ natara a oge gboo akwụkwọ Brussels. Na 1530 ọ ghọrọ onye na akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Louvain. Ọ e tọrọ ntọala na 1426 site Johann IV nke Brabant. The mahadum e mechiri mgbe ndị Great French mgbanwe. Ọzọ, ọ malitere ịzụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na 1817. Ebe a kụziiri Latin na Grik asụsụ, ihapu otutu okwu na mgbakọ na mwepụ. Iji mee na sayensị, ọ ga-enwe ezi ihe ọmụma nke asụsụ n'oge ochie. Andreas adịghị enwe afọ ojuju ozizi, Omenala ke 1531 na College of Education, nke e hiwere na 1517 na Louvain.

Klas Vesalius na Paris

Pretty anya, ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị Andreas Vezaly bịara nwee mmasị na Mmebe. Na oké ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na ha mapụtara oge, Andreas dissected ozu ụmụ anụmanụ na dissected ha. Nikolai Floren, a enyi nke nna ya na ogige dọkịta, gwara nwa okorobịa ahụ na-aga Paris ịmụ nkà ọgwụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, na 1539, Andreas nọrọ nwoke a na-arụ ọrụ "The ozi nke bloodletting", nke ọ na-akpọ nke abụọ ya nna.

N'ihi ya, Vesalius na 1533 gaa Paris ịmụ nkà ọgwụ. Ọ nọwo ebe a mmewere ahụ n'ime 3-4 afọ, ndị dọkịta na-ege ntị na nkuzi si Italy Guido Guidi, mma mara dị ka Zhak Dyubua ma ọ bụ Silvius, onye bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ malitere inyocha mmewere nke peritoneum, na vena cava, na ndị ọzọ. On mmadụ cadavers. Silvius amamiihe okwu. Vesalius nwekwara ntị Fernely, onye a na-akpọ kacha mma dọkịta na Europe.

Otú ọ dị, Andreas na ọ bụghị nanị okwu nke dọkịta abụọ. Ọ na-amụrụ Ioganna Gyuntera, bụ onye kụziiri na Paris ịwa ahụ na Mmebe. Na mbụ, ọ na-lectured on Greek na Mahadum nke Louvain, ndien ekem ọwọrọ aka Paris (na 1527), ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ mmewere. Na Vesalius ike cordial mmekọahụ Gunther.

The isi ike jikọtara otopsii

N'ihi na anatomical ọmụmụ mkpa Vesalius nwụrụ anwụ ozu. Otú ọ dị, nke a nke mgbe a oge nke oké ike. Dị ka ị maara, nke a na-arụ mgbe a na-atụle a nsọ n'omume. The Church nwere omenala nupụụrụ ya isi. Eleghị anya, Herophilus bụ nanị dọkịta na-ekpughe ozu na ghara ịkpagbu ha n'ihi ya. Vesalius, a nkọ na nkà mmụta sayensị mmasị, gara na-eli ozu nke nēmeghi ihe ọjọ. O wee ebe ogbugbu Villar de Montfaucon, ebe kpafuo nkịta aka n'ozu abbot.

Na 1376 na Mahadum nke Montpellier, ebe majors bụ mmewere, ndị dọkịta natara ikike imeghe ozu ihe gburu ekperima kwa afo. Mkpebi a nyere ha nwanne Carlos V, Lyudovik Anzhuysky, onye bụ gọvanọ Languedoc. Ọ dị nnọọ mkpa maka mmepe nke nkà mmụta ọgwụ na Mmebe. Mgbe e mesịrị, a ngwọta na-egosi na Charles VI nke, King of France, na mgbe e mesịrị Charles nke Asatọ. Na 1496 nke ikpeazụ enen ya ubre.

Laghachi Louvain, nọgidere research

Vesalius, ebe ji ihe karịrị afọ 3 na Paris, ọ laghachiri Louvain. N'ebe a, o nọgide ya Mmebe na Gemma Vries, enyi ya, bụ ndị nwere gbarala a ma ama dọkịta. Mee ka ụzọ ọkpụkpụ metụtara Andreas Vesalius ukwuu ike. Ọnụ na enyi ya, o zuru ozu ndị gburu, mgbe ụfọdụ, wepụ ha piecemeal. Na-eyi ndụ egwu Andreas rigoro osisi. Night enyi zoro n'akụkụ ụzọ bushes akụkụ ahụ, na mgbe ahụ, iji a dịgasị iche iche nke ikpe, me ka ha n'ụlọ. Ụlọ ndị e bee adụ anụ ahụ, ọkpụkpụ na obụpde. All a nwere ka a mere na agbasosi obi ike. Dị nnọọ iche bụ àgwà nke ndị ukara oghere. Adrian Of Blegen, onyeisi obodo nke Leuven, ekwela ka ha. Kama nke ahụ, ọ na-patronized-eto eto na ndị dọkịta, mgbe ụfọdụ, ugbu a na otopsii.

Esemokwu na Drever

Andreas Vezaly rụrụ ụka na Drever, a onye nkụzi nke University of Louvain, na otú na-emepụta cupping. Abụọ na-emegiderịta echiche mepụtara a nke. Galen na Hippocrates kụziri na ọbara ọgbụgba a ga-eme na akụkụ nke onye ọrịa ahụ. Avicenna na ndị Arab kweere na ọ ga-eme n'akụkụ nke ọzọ gafere. Drever akwado Avicenna na Andreas - Galen na Hippocrates. Drever were ezigbo iwe site audacity nke a dọkịta. Otú ọ dị, sharply zara. Mgbe ahụ Drever ghọrọ Vesalius na-emeso na-ebuso iro. Andreas chere na ọ ga-abụ siri ike na-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ na Louvain.

Vesalius na-aga Venice

Anyị na-aga ebe maka oge. Ma ebe? Spain bụ agaghịkwa - ebe a Church nwere ikike dị ukwuu, na autopsies hụrụ ka a mmerụ nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ. Ọ bụ nnọọ ekwe omume. Na France na Belgium Umuihe nnọọ ike mmewere ihe. Ya mere, Vesalius gara na Republic of Venice. Ọ bụ idem ke ekwe omume nke a na-nnwere onwe ya anatomical ọmụmụ. Tọrọ ntọala na 1222 na University of Padua na 1440, ọ bịara dịghịzi ka Venice. The kasị ama akwụkwọ ahụ na Europe ghọrọ ya ọgwụ ngalaba. Padua mma zutere a ekwe ọkà mmụta sayensị, Andreas Vezaly, isi ọrụ nke a mara maka ya prọfesọ.

Andreas ghọọ prọfesọ

December 5, 1537 University of Padua Vesalius ọdịda na ukwu nzukọ doctorate, summa yana laude. Mgbe ngosipụta, Andreas otopsii, a họpụtara ya prọfesọ nke ịwa ahụ. The ọrụ nke Vesalius ugbu a bu izi mmewere. Ya mere, na 23-afọ Andreas ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ. Ntị dọtara ya doro anya okwu ihu ọha. N'oge na-adịghị, n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ na-efe efe, na opì site Andreas a họpụtara dibịa n'obí nke Bishop nke Padua.

Vesalius nwere ifịk okike. Ọ pụghị onwe ya na-eme na-adịkwaghị na ngalaba nke mmewere nke dị iche iche mahadum. Ọtụtụ professors nanị monotonously agụ dere ihe odide nke Galen. Iti-orù rụrụ autopsies na nkụzi guzoro olu nke Galen na aka na ụfọdụ wand kwuru dị iche iche akụkụ.

The mbụ ọrụ nke Vesalius

Vesalius na 1538 bipụtara otu anatomical table. Ha isii Ibé akwụkwọ drawings. The tụrụ atụ e mere Kalckar S., a nwa Titian. N'otu afọ Vesalius republished odide nke Galen. a afọ mgbe e mesịrị pụtara ya mejupụtara - "n'Akwụkwọ Ozi bloodletting."

Andreas Vesalius, na-arụ n'akwụkwọ nke ọrụ nke iso, kwenyesiri ike na Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ na-kọwara dabeere na dissection nke ụmụ anụmanụ. N'ihi ya-ebute site ná ezighị ezi ozi na e kwadoro site n'ọdịnala na oge. Site n'ịmụ ụzọ autopsies mmadụ, Vesalius akwakọba eziokwu na n'atụghị egwu na-emegide ndị n'ozuzu nabatara n'ụkpụrụ iwu.

"On Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ"

Andreas Vezaly maka 4 afọ, ka ọ nọ na Padua, dere, sị-adịghị anwụ anwụ na-arụ ọrụ bụ "On Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ" (akwụkwọ 1-7). E bipụtara ya na 1543 na Basel na jupụtara na nza nke atụ. N'ọrụ a Andreas Vezaly (foto ọrụ na-ekpuchi gosiri n'elu) mere nkọwa nke ihe owuwu dị iche iche na usoro na akụkụ, nwere ọtụtụ emehie mere ya ụzọ, gụnyere Galen. Ọ ga-kwuru na ikike nke Galen, mgbe ọdịdị nke a inem e maa jijiji, na mgbe a mgbe, tubà ya.

Labor Vesalius tọrọ ntọala maka oge a mmewere. Na-arụ ọrụ a n'ihi na oge mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme e nyere ya nnọọ a na nkà mmụta sayensị kama ada, a nkọwa nke ahụ mmadụ Ọdịdị, nke dabeere na ibuo ọmụmụ.

Andreas Vezaly, nchoputa nke oge a na Mmebe, mere oké onyinye ala na Latin. Dị ka ihe ndabere, ọ were aha tinyere n'ime 1 na. BC Aulus Korneliy Tsels, "Cicero nke na nkà mmụta ọgwụ" na "Latin Hippocrates".

Andreas nyere a Ime Otu nke anatomical ala. Na obere wezụga, ọ tụbara nile nke ọ barbarisms nke Middle Ages. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-ebenata na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gretsizmov. Nke a nwere ike ekewet n'ókè ụfọdụ ndị jụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime ndokwa nke Vesalius Galen si na nkà mmụta ọgwụ.

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na Andreas, ịbụ onye ọsụ ụzọ na Mmebe, kweere na iche echiche na-ebu na-"anụmanụ mmụọ", na-emepụta na ventricles nke ụbụrụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ a echiche reminiscent nke ozizi Galen, dị ka ndị a "mmụọ" na-nanị renamed "psychic pneuma", nke dere n'oge ochie.

"On Ọdịdị nke ụbụrụ mmadụ"

"On Ọdịdị nke ụbụrụ mmadụ" - ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ nke Vesalius. Nke a bụ n'ihi na-amụ iso rụzuru na ubi nke Mmebe. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị nanị ya. The results nke ha onwe ha research etinye n'ime akwụkwọ a Andreas Vezaly. Ha onyinye sayensị bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa karịa nkọwa nke rụzuru nke ụzọ. The mejupụtara e mere a na nkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara na dabeere na ụzọ ọhụrụ nke mmụta. Ha anọwo na oké mkpa maka mmepe nke sayensị nke oge ahụ.

Diplomatically lavishing otuto Galen na marveling na egosipụta nke ya ihe ọmụma na ịdị obosara nke uche, Vesalius kwuru naanị "adabaghị" na ozizi nke dibịa. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ndị a ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị 200. Na kachasi mkpa, ha na-a agugo ihe ndị kasị mkpa ndokwa galenovskogo ozizi.

Karịsịa, Vesalius mbụ agọ ya chere na a onye na-gbasara obi mgbidi nwere oghere site na nke kwuru na-agafere ọbara nri ventricle n'aka-ekpe. Andreas gosiri na ekpe ma ziri ezi ventricles adịghị ekwurịta okwu ọ bụla ọzọ na postembryonic oge. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na nke mbụ nke Vesalius, refutes echiche nke Galen na n'ahụ ọdịdị nke ọbara, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike ghara ime ka ezi nkwubi okwu. Nanị mgbe e mesịrị mere ya Harvey.

The nzukọ akwụkwọ nta Sylvia

Ọ dịwo anya itiwapụ oké ifufe mebiri ke n'akwụkwọ nke a oké ọrụ nke Andreas Vesalius. Onye nkụzi ya, Silvia, mgbe nile na-ewere ndị unquestioned ikike nke Galen. O kweere na ihe niile na-adịghị achikota na a anya ma ọ bụ a nkọwa nke oké Roman bụ na-ezighị ezi. N'ihi nke a, Silvius jụrụ chọpụtara ya nwa akwụkwọ. Ọ na-akpọ Andreas "onye nkwutọ", "mpako mmadụ", "ogologo anụ mmiri", ume nke infects dum Europe. Sylvia ụmụ akwụkwọ na-akwado site onye nkụzi ya. Ha na-na-emegide Andreas, na-akpọ ya a ka arụ na-amaghị. Otú ọ dị, Silvius n'etiti mkparị akwụsịghị n'ebe ahụ. O dere, sị na 1555, a nkọ akwụkwọ nta bụ "gbaghaa nke nkwutọ nke a kpọgara ...". Na 28 isi Silvius wittily mocks enyi ya na bụbu nwa akwụkwọ, na j ya.

Ọ na-egwuri a na-egbu egbu ọrụ akara aka nke a akwụkwọ nta, oké ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ onye Andreas Vezaly. Ya biography, eleghị anya, a gaara gbakwunyere site ọtụtụ ihe na-akpali nchoputa ke Mmebe, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị akwụkwọ a, imbued na-ekwo ekworo ekworo na echiche ọjọọ. Ọ jikọtara ndị iro ya na-kere gburugburu aha nke Vesalius ikuku nke ọha nlelị. Andreas E boro ya ebubo na ọ na irreverently ezo na nkuzi nke Galen na Hippocrates. Ndị a ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-adịghị chie senti Catholic Church, na ike nile, na n'oge ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ikike ha na ikpé-e dị ka eziokwu nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ. Ya mere, emegideghị ha dịrị a ojuju nke ikpeazụ. Vesalius, Ọzọkwa, bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke Sylvia. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ndị Silvius akọcha ebubo ya nke nkwutọ, a ụgwọ imeka ha, o yiri ezi uche.

Rịba ama na Andreas nkụzi gbachiteere ikike nke Galen bụghị disinterested. Iwe ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na Vesalius, mebie aha nke Galen, na-ebibi ọtụtụ Sylvia, n'ihi na nke ya ihe ọmụma ndị ahụ dabeere na na akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ nke ochie na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, jiri nlezianya mụọ gabiga ụmụ akwụkwọ.

The n'ihu akara aka nke ngalaba nke Andreas

Vesalius efu ọnya kpataara akwụkwọ nta Sylvia. Site na nke a igbu ike agaghịkwa naghachi Andreas Vezaly, onye biography site na oge akara ọtụtụ ihe isi ike okosobode anyị dike.

Na Padua e emegide echiche nke Andreas. Otu n'ime ndị kasị arụsi ọrụ ike na-emegide ya ghọrọ Realdo Colombo, a nwa Vesalius na ya osote onye na ngalaba. Colombo mgbe ekwusara insinuations Sylvia gbanwere nnọọ àgwà kwupụta Andreas. Ọ malitere ịkatọ ya, na-agbalị imebi ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị n'ihu ụmụ akwụkwọ.

Vesalius ekpe Padua na 1544. Mgbe ahụ, Department of Anatomy họpụtara Colombo. Otú ọ dị, nanị ihe ọ na-arụ ọrụ maka a afọ ya prọfesọ. Na 1545 ọ kwagara Colombo University of Pisa. Na na 1551 na O were oche Rome ruo ọnwụ ya na-arụ ọrụ na obodo a. Gabriel Fallopian dochie Colombo na Padua ngalaba. O kwuru na ya a-eso ụzọ na nọchiri Vesalius na kwesịrị nsọpụrụ na-arụ na ya omenala.

Vesalius na-aga eze ozi

Andreas Vezaly, nchoputa nke sayensị nke mmewere, a chụpụrụ obi nkoropụ ọjọ fabrications Sylvia. O nwere iji kwụsị nnyocha. Ke adianade do, Vesalius ọkụ akụkụ nke ihe na ihe odide anakọtara maka ọdịnihu ya ọrụ. Na 1544 ọ nọ na-amanye kwagara ọgwụ eme, banyere ọrụ nke Charles V, onye lụrụ ọgụ n'oge megide France. Dị ka onye agha na-awa Vesalius na-aga na ya ka ihe nkiri nke agha arụmọrụ.

Na September 1544 agha ahụ. Andreas gara Brussels. Ebe nna nwụrụ obere oge mgbe Vesalius. Scientist mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, ọ nwetara ihe nketa, o wee na-nwetara a na ezinụlọ. Na Brussels na January 1545 bịara Charles V. Andreas e kwesịrị ịbụ ya dọkịta. Karl ahụhụ si na gout. Ọ rie nnọọ ókè. Physician Andreas Vezaly na-eme mgbalị dị ukwuu iji mee ka ya na-ata ahụhụ.

Na 1555, Charles V abdicated. Vesalius malitere ijere Philip II, nwa-ya. The ikpeazụ na 1559, o si Brussels na Madrid na ya ikpe, na Andreas na ezinụlọ ya na ya na ya.

Njem uka Palestine, ọnwụ

Vesalius mmalite obi ọjọọ na-akpagbu ndị Spanish Njụta Okwukwe. Ọ na-ebo ebubo na eziokwu na n'oge dissection nke a ozu gburu a ndụ. Andreas Vezaly, onyinye na nkà mmụta ọgwụ nke bụ nnukwu, ikpe ọnwụ. Naanị ekele na intercession nke eze ya dochie ọzọ ntaramahụhụ - a njem uka Palestine. Vesalius na-aga na Nsọ ílì ahu. Mgbe ọ bụ a siri ike ma dị ize ndụ na njem.

Ọbụna mgbe alọta Andreas ship n'ọnụ ụzọ ndị Strait nke Corinth jiri. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị a tụbara si na banyere. Zante. N'ebe ahụ, ọ dara ọrịa. October 2, 1564, ke edide isua 50 afọ, ama dọkịta nwụrụ. On a zoro ezo pine kpuchie agwaetiti ẹbụk Andreas Vezaly.

Onyinye na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere nnọọ njikọ. N'ihi ya, oge ya rụzuru bụ nanị revolutionary. Ọ dabara nke ọma, ọ bụghị n'efu ka ọrụ nke ọkà mmụta sayensị, Andreas Vesalius. Isi nchoputa e mepụtara, na ọ complemented ọtụtụ na-eso ụzọ, nke na-egosi ihe na ọzọ mgbe ọnwụ ya.