APG: mejupụtara. Natural na metụtara gas

Mmanụ na gas - kacha mkpa ngwaọrụ ke ererimbot. A pụrụ iche ebe ke mmanụ na gas ụlọ ọrụ enyene metụtara gas. Tupu a akụ na-adịghị mee ihe. Ma ugbu a, àgwà a bara uru eke ego agbanweela.

Gịnị bụ ihe ndị metụtara gas

Nke a hydrocarbon gas nke na-ahapụ-iyi esite mmanụ na n'oge ya nkewa. Ọ bụ ngwakọta nke vaporized hydrocarbon na-abụghị hydrocarbon mmiri nke eke si malite.

Ya buru ibu na mmanụ nwere ike ịdị iche site na otu na ọtụtụ puku cubic mita na otu ton.

Site inweta kpọmkwem metụtara gas a na-ewere a byproduct mmanụ mmepụta. N'ihi ya aha. N'ihi enweghị ndị dị mkpa akụrụngwa maka gas nzukọ, ụgbọ njem na nhazi nke a nnukwu ego nke a eke akụ na-efu. N'ihi nke a, ọtụtụ ndị metụtara gas nanị biiri ọkụ.

gas mejupụtara

Associated gas na-emi esịnede methane na arọ hydrocarbons - .. Ethane, butane, propane, wdg The gas mejupụtara na dị iche iche oilfields nwere ike iche ubé. N'ógbè ụfọdụ na metụtara gas nwere ike ịnwe na-abụghị hydrocarbon mmiri - nitrogen, sọlfọ, oxygen.

Agafe a gas nke gushes mgbe oghere nke mmanụ ọdọ, ji ole na ole arọ hydrocarbon, haruru. More "arọ" na mejupụtara nke gas bụ na mmanụ n'onwe ya. Ya mere, na mbụ nkebi nke mmepe nke mmanụ ubi, dị ka a na-achị, a otutu metụtara gas na-emepụta na a elu ọdịnaya nke methane. Na ọrụ ego, ndị a na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-nwayọọ nwayọọ belata, na arọ mmiri ka elu a akụkụ buru ibu nke gas.

Natural na metụtara mmanụ ala gas: ihe bụ ihe dị iche

Associated gas tụnyere eke dere obere methane, ma nke nwere nnukwu ego nke ya homologues, gụnyere pentane na hexane. Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa dị iche - Nchikota bughi mmiri dị iche iche ubi nke metụtara gas na-emepụta. APG mejupụtara pụrụ ọbụna ịdị iche iche maka dị iche iche oge nke otu ubi. N'ihi na ha tụnyere, a quantitative Nchikota nke mmiri nke eke gas bụ mgbe mgbe nile. Ya mere, APG ike ga-eji maka dị iche iche na nzube, na eke gas na-eji nanị dị ka onye ike ngwaọrụ.

inweta APG

Associated gas na-enwetara site kewara si na mmanụ. N'ihi nke a, multistage ngịga na dị iche iche nsogbu. N'ihi ya, na akpa nkewa ogbo a pressurized si 16 30 mmanya. Mgbe niile ụdi nkebi nke nsogbu na-nwayọọ nwayọọ belata. Ke akpatre zoo oke na-ebelata ka 1.5-4 mmanya mmepụta. Okpomọkụ ma na nsogbu na-ekpebisi ike site APG nkewa technology.

The gas emepụta akpa ogbo e zigara ozugbo na gas nhazi osisi. Great isi ike mgbe eji gas na a nsogbu n'okpuru 5 mmanya. Tupu mgbe APG ọkụ na flares, ma na-adịbeghị anya gbanwere iwu maka gas itinye n'ọrụ. The ọchịchị amalitela ịzụlite ịkpali iji belata mmetọ nke gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ihi ya, na ala larịị egosi APG combustion ya arụnyere na 2009 afọ, nke ekwesịghị gafere 5% nke ngụkọta metụtara gas.

Ngwa nke APG na ndị ụlọ ọrụ

Na mbụ, APG bụghị ji ozugbo ịlụ ọkụ. Ugbu a ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-aghọta uru nke a eke akụ na-achọ ụzọ na-eji ya n'ụzọ dị irè.

Associated gas onye mejupụtara bụ ngwakọta nke propane, butane na arọ hydrocarbons, bụ a bara uru akụrụngwa n'ihi na ume na chemical ụlọ ọrụ. APG nwere calorific uru. N'ihi ya, n'oge combustion ọ tọhapụrụ site 9 ruo 15 puku kcal / cubic mita. Na mbụ ya ụdị na-adịghị mee ihe. Jide n'aka na-chọrọ nhicha.

Na chemical ụlọ ọrụ dị na metụtara gas nke methane na ethane na-mere nke plastik na roba. Arọ hydrocarbon mmiri eji dị ka ngwaọrụ n'ihi na mmepụta nke elu octane mmanụ ụgbọala mmako, aromatic hydrocarbons na mmanụ petrol gasị.

Na Russia, ihe karịrị 80% nke na-emepụta metụtara gas akaụntụ ise ụlọ ọrụ na-amị mmanụ na gas: OJSC "Rosneft", OJSC "Gazpromneft", OJSC "Oil Company LUKOIL", OJSC "TNK-BP Holding", JSC "Surgutneftegaz ". Dị ka ukara data, na mba-kwa afo na-arụpụta ihe karịrị 50 ijeri cubic mita nke metụtara gas, nke nke 26% na-emegharị, 47% na-eji maka ulo oru nzube ya, na ndị fọdụrụ 27% na-biiri ọkụ.

E nwere ọnọdụ na-adịghị mgbe niile na-eri-irè ojiji nke metụtara mmanụ ala gas. The ojiji nke a akụ na-adabere na ubi size. N'ihi ya, gas na-emepụta obere ubi, a ga-eji na-enye ọkụ eletrik obodo na-eji ọkụ. On nkezi ego akụ wepụ mmanụ petrol gasị na gas nhazi osisi na-ere ya na chemical ụlọ ọrụ. The kasị mma nhọrọ maka nnukwu ubi bụ mmepụta nke ọkụ eletrik na elu ike na ụdi ere.

Mmebi si APG combustion

Gas ịdị mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi. Around bụ ire ọkụ mmetụta thermal ùgwù ya, nke na-abia n'ala n'ime a dịpụrụ adịpụ ruo nke 10-25 mita na ahịhịa na nso 50-150 mita. Na combustion usoro ịdaba ikuku nke nitrogen na carbon monoxide, sọlfọ dioxide, na unburned hydrocarbons. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eme atụmatụ na dị ka a n'ihi nke ịdị ejected odika 0,5 nde tọn kwa afọ nke carbon nwa.

Ọzọkwa, gas combustion ngwaahịa dị nnọọ ize ndụ ụmụ mmadụ ike. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ, na isi refainari Russia region - Tyumen region - morbidity maka ọtụtụ ụdị ọrịa n'elu nkezi maka mba ahụ dum. Ọtụtụ mgbe ndị mmadụ na mpaghara na-ata ahụhụ site na akụkụ okuku ume na pathologies. E nwere a na-eto eto ọnụ ọgụgụ nke etuto ahụ, ọrịa nke uche akụkụ na ụjọ usoro.

Ọzọkwa, APG combustion ngwaahịa ime ka pathologies nke egosipụta onwe ha nanị mgbe oge ụfọdụ. Ndị a gụnyere ndị na-esonụ:

• infertility;
• ime ọpụpụ;
• butere n'aka ọrịa;
• adịghị ike ọgụ;
• oncological ọrịa.

APG itinye n'ọrụ teknụzụ

Isi nsogbu nke imegharị gas bụ akwa ịta nke arọ hydrocarbons. Na taa mmanụ na gas ụlọ ọrụ na-eji ọtụtụ irè teknụzụ, nke na-enye ohere ka mma gas site mwepụ nke arọ hydrocarbons:

1. Gas fractioning nkewa.
2. Adsorption technology.
3. Low-okpomọkụ nkewa.
4. Akpụkpọ ahụ technology.

itinye n'ọrụ nke metụtara gas ụzọ

E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ, ma, na omume, na-eji nanị ole na ole. Ihe bụ isi usoro - mgbake APG site nkewa n'ime mmiri. Nke a imegharị ihe maka iji usoro na-arụpụta akọrọ gas, nke nnoo bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka eke gas na eke gas mmiri mmiri (NGL). Nke a ngwakọta nwere ike ji mee ka a akụrụngwa n'ihi petrochemistry.

Nkewa nke gas n'akparamagwa na ala okpomọkụ ntọala absorption na odide. Mgbe mmezu nke akọrọ gas na-ebu pipeline, na e zigara NGL refineries maka inwekwu nhazi.

The abụọ irè ụzọ APG - ịgba ígwè usoro. Nke a na usoro gụnyere ịgbanye gas n'ime esite maka mgbali abawanye. Nke a ngwọta na-enye ohere ka iwelie olu mmanụ mgbake si guzobere.

Ke adianade do, ndị metụtara gas ike ga-eji na-n'ịwa na ọkụ eletrik. Nke a ga-ekwe ka mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ budata zọpụta ego, dị ka akagbu mkpa ịzụta ọkụ eletrik si n'èzí.