Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich - Russian Arctic nchoputa: a obere biography

Ná mmalite nke narị afọ gara aga otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa metụtara ọmụmụ nke Arctic, bụ mmepe nke Northern Sea Nsoro, nke na-enye ohere na-ebelata ụzọ igodo nke arịa n'etiti European akụkụ nke mba anyị na Far East. N'etiti ndị na-nyere ndụ ha maka mmejuputa iwu a usoro bụ Russian njem Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich (1884-1914), onye aha ya bụ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian sayensị.

Kwesiri Scion nke dị ebube Russian ezinụlọ

Future Arctic nchoputa a mụrụ May 19, 1884 na Odessa na ndị ezinụlọ uweojii nke Russian Navy, ọdịnihu Admiral Lev Alekseevich Brusilov. Aha ha na-ewe mpako nke ebe na mba akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ bụ zuru ezu na-echeta na nwanne nna George L. - Alexei - mara dị ka dike nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ada ama itunanya nke Russian agha.

Idebanye aha na 1903 na Naval Cadet agha, mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị nwa okorobịa ahụ na-akwalite akwukwo ikpe ndị ọrụ nche, na n'oge Russian-Japanese Agha ọrụ na-arụ na na ụgbọ mmiri nke skwodron nke Far East. Otú ọ dị, ya ọrụ ha bụghị inverse ụzọ, na-eme nnyocha na-eme.

The mbụ research ahụmahụ

Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich mbụ pụtara na Arctic gburugburu na 1910, na-aghọ a so na hydrographic njem, onye ọrụ bụ mmepe nke Northern Sea Nsoro. Na mkpofu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, mmadụ abụọ icebreaker "Taimyr" na "Vaigach". Akpụ akpụ site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Arctic Ocean, njem anakọtara a ịrịba ego nke na nkà mmụta sayensị data, nke mere na, na Arctic na map replenished ọtụtụ unknowns tupu agwaetiti na ihe isi ike. George L. ncheta òkè a siri ike na-arụ ọrụ ahụ wee aha ya bụ na ya nsọpụrụ ísìsì, na-etinye on Cape Dezhnev - na continental n'ókè nke Russia na dum nke Eurasia.

audacious plan

Publishing akọ banyere njem ndị mmadụ merela nke eminent mba ọzọ na-eme nnyocha, dị ka ndị Norwegians Raul Amundsen na Fridtjof Nansen, nakwa dị ka American Robert Piri na England Robert Scott, e okosobode ke Russia na oké mmasị. N'achọghị enye palm na mmepe nke North ala ọzọ, na dị ka a ezi Russian ojii, igbu mgbu mkpụrụ obi maka ugwu ike, GL Brusilov, n'ịgbaso ihe nlereanya nke abụọ ndị njem ndị ọzọ G. Sedov na Rusanov, kpebiri iji hazie ya njem.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị nsogbu ka mmezu nke oru ngo-a turu ime, dị ka ọ na-eme, na-akọwapụta ya ka isi iyi nke ya ego, dị ka ego chọrọ bukwanu na onwe Georgiy Lvovich enweghị ha. Otú ọ dị, a ụzọ chọtara.

Na 1912, o were ihe ukara ezumike, Brusilov mara ọkwa na nguzobe nke a na nkwonkwo na ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ, onye uru na-atụ anya ga-natara site na anu ara ịchụ nta, nke nwere obibi n'ụzọ nke ndị ga-alọta. Ghara ịchọta mmeghachi omume nke ọha na eze, a obi ike enthusiast ike, Otú ọ dị, iji mee ka ndị ikwu ha na-ya oke n'akụ.

The isi investors bụ nwanne nna ya Boris Alekseevich Brusilov - Russia kasị ukwuu, nweekwa ala, na nwunye ya, Countess Anna Nikolaevna, inye aka na nke a nnọọ na-enyo enyo si akụ na ụba echiche, ngo bụ 90 puku rubles -. A nnukwu nchikota n'ụbọchị ndị ahụ.

Nsogbu na osisi "St. Anna"

N'ihi ya n'idozi ego nsogbu, Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich gara England, ebe ọ na-enwetara a abụọ n'aka ezie, ma ka na ike gara uzuoku schooner. Ọ na-akpọ "Blenkatra", ma na-n'okpuru Russian ọkọlọtọ, mgbe ahụ renamed na nsọpụrụ nke isi ọṅụ nke njem - Countess Anna Nikolayevna na aha ya bụ "St. Anna".

Si St. Petersburg pie schooner "Saint Anna" o wee August 10, 1912 ma kwaga na n'akụkụ nke Barents Sea, ebe mbụ ya nkwụsị e zubere nso obere mmezi nke Alexandrovsk-on-Murman (taa Polar). E, na-eche na nke mbụ ndutịm nke njem na nnukwu nsogbu. Mgbe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ rutere na n'ikperé mmiri, a akụkụ buru ibu nke ndi oru ugbo - a ole na ole-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, ụgbọ dọkịta,, kasị njọ, ndị ụgbọ mmiri - jụrụ anọgide igwu mmiri.

Ọnọdụ ahụ dị oké egwu. Of niile nọgidere na osisi ụgbọ mmiri, nanị mmadụ ise, ọ bụghị na-agụta na nnọọ Brusilov na nke abụọ ụgbọ mmiri Albanova (ya foto a na-ebipụta n'okpuru), ndị ọkachamara-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, na onye dọkịta kwetara ịrụ ọrụ, nọ na-na ha nurse. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị ihe nile, on 10 September, na-enwe na osisi a bukwanu ọkọnọ nke nri, "St. Anna" aka iso ụzọ.

Na ice n'agha

A izu gasịrị, na-eru ndị Kara Sea, ụgbọ mmiri ahụ tụgharịa siri ike ice warara ịkwaga site na nke ha na-enwe ike ọbụna a oge nke iri ụbọchị si dị warara banye amaokwu na-emeghe mmiri. Ma mgbe ahụ, kpamkpam nnukota onu na ice, na-eme nchọpụta efu n'ọdịnihu ohere iji rụọ arịa. Ya mere, October 10, 1912 malitere ha ihe fọrọ nke nta abụọ afọ nwayọọ. Site uche nke ifufe na okwukwo, vmorzshee na ice ụgbọ mmiri, kama nke zubere N'ezie na ihe easterly direction, na-akpụ akpụ n'ebe ugwu, n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ.

Na June 1913 esote ka ụgbọ ahụ dị nnọọ n'ebe ugwu Novaya Zemlya, na ike ịhụ n'ụzọ doro anya n'ihu nke ice-free ngalaba nke oké osimiri, ma mgbalị nile ga-esi site na ya nọ na-efu, na-apụghị izere ezere nke a abụọ oyi bịara doo anya. Mgbe ọzọ ọnwa isii ụgbọ mmiri e nyefeela ya n'aka Franz Josef Land district.

N'ọnụ ọnwụ

Site n'oge a, n'agbanyeghị na ihe oriri na-emezughị ike jupụta na-efu nke ịchụ nta, ụbọchị ọ bụla ọzọ n'ụzọ doro anya chere na enweghị ha. N'elu-arụ ọrụ na-egwu site n'oké unwu. N'otu oge ahụ na osisi gwụrụ nke manu, nke Brusilov njem eji maka kpo oku na nri.

Na ugbu ọnọdụ, e kpebiri ìgwè ahụ dum pụta n'ụgbọ ma na-agbalị na-eje ije ice iru elu ụwa mmadụ bi. The otu Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich nọgidere na "Saint Anne". Gịnị mere ya-a ọdachi mkpebi maka onwe ha, na-anọgide na-amaghị ama. Ikekwe dị ka a Russian ojii, na, ya mere, a onye nke nsọpụrụ, ọ na-apụghị ibu ihere jikọtara ikpọkọmde investors. Ma eleghị anya ọ nọ na-emekpa site na ihe ọmụma na omume ya idikwe ọnwụ ndị mmadụ sooro ya. Na nke ọ bụla, ndị butere gawara na-enweghị ya.

Ọdachi nke ndi oru ugbo nke "St. Anna"

Obi abụọ adịghị ya, mgbalị iru mmadụ bi akụkụ nke oké osimiri gaje ịkụ afọ n'ala na e weere site so na ya dị ka nanị fọdụrụnụ ohere. Dị ka na mbụ Brusilov njem chere na-eje ije amaokwu, e nweghị ihe kwesịrị ekwesị na ngwá procured maka ha. N'ihi ya, canoes, sleds na aji uwe nwere na-emepụta onwe ha, na-enweghị ndị dị mkpa ahụmahụ na nkà.

Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị ọzọ bụ, na April 23, 1914, ndị ọrụ hapụrụ ụgbọ mmiri. Biography Brusilov na, n'eziokwu, na a dị ịrịba ama nwunye, na bee dị ka ihe dịghị onye dị ndụ na-ahụbeghị. Ma ihe ndị ọzọ so njem, akara aka nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha, e nweghị obere mwute.

Ebighebi ụzọ na ice

Mee kwesịrị ekwesị na mbara igwe kwuru na atụnyere ha pụta na ego ha nwere map, nchọpụta chọpụtara na kacha nso mmezi ha ga-agafe 160 km. Otú ọ dị, n'ụzọ, ha kwaturu na ntụziaka nke ịkpafu ice, na dị ka a N'ihi nke a anya amụbawo abụọ na ọkara ugboro.

Ke adianade do, mgbagwoju mgbanwe na aggravated oké nri, n'ihi na nke niile ochie ngwaahịa nwere naanị a obere ego nke crackers, bụ n'ụzọ doro anya ezughi oke idochi ike gwusia.

N'ihi ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-ekpe ndị ụgbọ mmiri, ọ fọrọ nke nta niile nwụrụ n'ụzọ. Akara aka fọdụrụ ndụ naanị ada otu Albanov akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri Conrad. Ha, frostbitten na sonso ndụ si gwụrụ, ekemende ụgbọ mmiri "St. Foka", akụkụ nke njem GY Sedov.

ọma search

N'ihi nke eziokwu ahụ site na mmalite nke 1914 na-efu mmadụ aha ozugbo atọ Russian pola njem - GY Sedov, VA Rusanov, na onye na-edu Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich, ikpe wee oké njọ resonance ke otu na-egosi nke ozugbo nzukọ nke search e nyere ozugbo na Cabinet. N'ihi na nke a a ọnwa anọ exploratory arịa n'oké osimiri.

Erule oge Arctic na map a n'ihu zuru ezu nju na-ekwe n'usoro na-elegharị ebe yikarịrị anọ efu nchọpụta. Ke adianade do, n'ihi na oge mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa na-nnapụta ọrụ e butere pola ụgbọelu. Seaplane Farman MF.11, piloted site pilot Yanom Nagurskim mere kwa ụbọchị flights n'elu oké osimiri nke Novaya Zemlya na ya n'akụkụ ebe.

The search ruo afọ atọ na ama etre naanị na njikọ na na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe ndị mere n'afọ 1917. Chọta schooner "Saint Anna", ma ọ bụ ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ ihe e nke fọdụrụ na ya, ọ bụ ekwe omume. Naanị ihe e mesịrị, na 2010, ndị na-edu ndú nke National Park "Onega Pomorie" njem ka Franz Josef Land haziri, nke bụ ike ịchọpụta mmadụ foduru egosi na ọ bụ nke otu n'ime ndị òtù nke ìgwè Albanova.

Afterword

N'agbanyeghị ihe ọjọọ mechara mee nke njem, Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich, a obere biography nke bụ ihe ndabere nke isiokwu a, mere ka a na-onyinye na-amụ nke Arctic. N'ihi na ihe nke na-ekekpepde na Academy nke Sciences ọkọbọhọde Albani jisiri n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ka systematize mbụ ẹdude data on ala gbara osimiri okirikiri okwukwo, dokwuo anya ókè nke ala continental shelf, nakwa dị ka na-etinye na ihe mmiri n'okpuru osimiri paseeji kaadị, na-akpọ "St. Anna".