Caryatid - ihe owuwu mmewere, nke bụ na-ewu ewu na ihe ọ bụla style

Caryatid - bụ aha nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ogidi, bụ nke were n'ụdị a nwanyi ọgụgụ. The kasị ama atụ nwere ike ịchọta na ndịda owuwu ụzọ mbata nke ụlọ nsọ nke Erechtheion na na Acropolis na Athens.

ochie ochie

Na obodo omenala ndị Grik "caryatid" - a na-amaghị nwoke nke Caria, ama temple Peloponnese. Brown raara nye chi nwanyị bụ Atemis. Ka Caryatids, ọ ṅụrịrị ọṅụ, na-ete egwú n'etiti ukpa osisi na obodo nke Caria. N'oge ahụ, ndị Virgin na ecstatic agba egwú na-arụ na ha isi nkata nke freshly ịkpụ ahịhịa amị. Ha kọwara ndị osisi na-agba egwu.

Roman-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Vitruvius atụ anya caryatid - a ohu. Vitruvius hụrụ otú ha na-eji dị ka ogidi na Ionic ije. Ma caryatid - ọ ghọrọ usoro Persian kọlụm. Ndị Peasia, bụ ezie na, e ji akwado ụmụ anụmanụ ụlọ.

Erechtheion

The isii kasị ama caryatids akwado n'elu ụlọ nke ndịda owuwu ụzọ mbata nke Erechtheion ụgha na ndị n'Atens Acropolis. Nke a ụlọ e wuru Pericles presumably n'etiti 421-406 afọ BC. e. ulo ochie osisi okpukpe ọkpụkpụ Athens. O jekwara ozi dị ka a center nke ofufe nke Erechtheus (mythical eze Athens) na ụmụnne ya, tinyere Poseidon. Ndị a caryatids uwe bụ mmiri ụdị na rapara ozu. The ndokwa nke ụkwụ na apata na-obi ike na-akpa ike. Atọ n'ime ha na-nādabere ahụ na ụkwụ aka nri, na ndị ọzọ na - na ekpe. Hanbok nwekwara mkpa. Ha na-arọ na keukwu, iji aka kasị n'uko ebe - n'olu iberibe, nke tụlee a nnukwu ibu. Aka ọkpụkpụ, dị mwute ikwu, e efu. Site ndụ Roman mbipụta nwere ike hụrụ na aka nri ya na-ejide obere arịa maka libations, na n'aka ekpe-akwado na ubé bulie ha uwe. Ọ na-na-eche na ha na-ebipụ dị iche iche na-akpụ ihe ogbako Alcamo, a nwa Phidias. Na-akpali mmasị, nke a bụ ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata na-anọchi n'elu n'ili nke mythical eze Cecrops. The ewu nke caryatids, ọ pụrụ ịbụ na a ụtụ ya na ebe nchekwa. Ugbu a nzọụkwụ bụ ha mbipụta. Ise mbụ caryatids nọ Acropolis Museum, ebe ha nwere ike anya si n'akụkụ niile, na nke isii - na British Museum na London. Chịkọta njem site akụkọ ihe mere eme, anyị nwere ike ikwu na caryatid - a ji achọ mmewere na ije nke ogidi, nke nwekwara ike na-emetụta ọrụ.

Renaissance na karịrị

N'oge a, ha malitere iji na interiors na-ewu fireplaces. Na Baroque oge ha apụta Scotland ka a overmantel ke akwa ulo nke nnukwu ụlọ Mitchells. Ke mbubreyo German Baroque caryatids dị na nnukwu ụlọ Sanssouci Frederick Ukwu na Schloss. Oyiyi uwe inyom malitere ga-eji dị ka ụkwụ maka tebụl, shelves na idọba-oriọna.

Alaeze Ukwu style chere ihu ya n'ebe ndị ji achọ mmewere. onye na-ese pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche iso ogide echiche nke a mara mma nwaanyị nke nwere a set nke mbara igwe.

Na 1881, Ogyust Roden sculpted nkume daa n'okpuru ibu ọnụ ọgụgụ caryatids. Ọ na hụrụ a ibu arọ maka a girl, nke ka na-agbalị iji nweta elu.

Nwoke counterpart caryatids

Ọ nwere ihe abụọ aha: Telamon na Atlanta. The aha mbụ, kpọmkwem aha, nke pụtara "support" ma ọ bụ "support". Ọ bụ mythical nwa Aeacus na Aeneid. Ọ bụ ya bụ eze Salamis. Nke a na-eme egwuregwu nọ ọdụ na-akwọ mgbe Argonauts soro ajị anụ, ọ abuana ke Calydonian achụ nta anụ ọhịa boar, na-awakpo ndị agbata obi, nke meriwo Theseus.

Atlant otu - na ọ bụ dike Titan, onye na-esetịpụ ya n'ubu ya uko nke heaven. Bụ apụtakarị ma ọ bụrụ na ndị dị otú ahụ a ya ibu arọ? N'agbanyeghị otú ọ di arọ, obi ike na ndidi iji ka ọ nọgide ya. N'akụkọ ifo ndị Gris, ọ e ghọọ nkume ma ọ bụ nkume.

paired ọkpụkpụ

Atlanta na caryatids achọ facades nke ụlọ, support balconies, na-emezu ihe aesthetic ọrụ. Karịsịa mma bụ Atlanteans akwado n'ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata nke New hermitage na St. Petersburg. Ná mmalite, dị ka-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ L. Klenze, o nwere na-caryatids. Ma nke a oru ngo-a jụrụ ajụ, ma afọ asatọ gasịrị, na 1848, Ai Terebenev kere iri ọkpụkpụ nke Atlantis ọchịchịrị konkiri mined na m na Lake Ladoga. Ha na-eguzo na a pedestal mere nke Karelian Ntụ-grained konkiri. Ọrụ na ihe ọkpụkpụ bụ afọ abụọ. Ọkpụ isi nhazi nke nkume na-ewe dị ka otu narị na iri ise na-edo nkume. The okokụre ọrụ mere ka eluigwe na ala mmasi. Atlanta na caryatids bụ ihe e ji mara nke ndị oge gboo style. Common dị iche bụ na Atlanteans akwado entablature aka na caryatids ebu ya na isi. Dokwuo anya echiche nke "entablature".

Architecture: Ihe nke ụlọ

The French okwu "entablature" pụtara n'uko mere nke ibé. Ọ mejupụtara architrave, frieze na cornice. Na ije, ndị architrave nwere ihe abụọ ọ pụtara:

• a crossbeam, nke na-enịm n'etiti ogidi nke oghere ma ọ bụ windo, ọ bụ na n'elu;
• Otu doo, nke a na-tọrọ na n'isi obodo nke na ogidi, mma na iche iche iwu, ntụgharị ndị mejupụtara ọgụgụ.

Modern ojiji nke caryatids

Greeks e dere n'ike mmụọ nsọ na ike caryatids ụmụ agbọghọ si Kariya. Yi uwe, ha ọkpụkpụ nọ ụlọ. Nke a na omenala na-aga n'ihu. Ma ọtụtụ mgbe na-eguzo n'ogo nke narị afọ ije, kama marble ma ọ bụ nkume mee ihe steklokompozit. N'ime ụlọ iji osisi ma ọ bụ plaster.

On a ụbọchị, na Atlanteans na caryatids na ina na oge a na ije. Eclecticism, Art nouveau, Neo-Renaissance - ha kwere omume n'ebe nile. The akporo nke ha style egbula oge. Echiche nke onye na-ese, na-eji ha, ọ bụghị mechiri emechi, na-adọta n'ike mmụọ nsọ si omenala nke na-aga site na narị afọ iri.