Catechism - Gịnị ka ọ bụ? Orthodox Catechism. Catholic Catechism

Na bụla okpukpe e nwere a n'akwụkwọ na nke parish pụrụ ịchọta azịza nye nkịtị na nkà mmụta okpukpe ajụjụ. Ọ na-nwere ihe oriri maka mbụ guzobe nke baptism. Ndị dị otú ahụ a akwụkwọ a na-akpọ "katkizim". Gịnị ka ọ bụ? Olee ihe mere ndị dị otú ahụ a akwụkwọ? Ònye bụ Onye malitere? Bụ Catholic Catechism of Christian? Banyere nke a mgbe e mesịrị na isiokwu.

ala

Ya mere Catechism - Gịnị ka ọ bụ? The definition onwe ya nwere oge ochie Greek malite. Okwu-ebe n'ime Latin. N'ụzọ nkịtị definition pụtara "ntụziaka", "mmụta". Ndị ọzọ okwu, katkizim bụ a okpukpe akwụkwọ. Ọ na-akpọ "catechetical akwụkwọ" nwere ntọala nke ozizi. Akwụkwọ a Nleta akụkụ nke dị iche iche. Dị ka ihe atụ, e nwere ihe Catechism of the Catholic Church. Dị ka a na-achị, ozi dị n'ime n'akwụkwọ n'ụdị "ajụjụ-azịza". N'ozuzu, okwu bụ "katkizim" e ji bụghị nanị na-efe ofufe. Nke a definition nwere ike na-akpọ ihe ọ bụla omimi ndu, weere na ihe atụ nke okpukpe akwụkwọ. Ihe atụ, na 1869, afọ e guzobere Catechism Nechayev. Arụ ọrụ a, ka megide a okpukpe akwụkwọ akwalite ebe nile ụjọ omume na-eburu a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị e mesoro, megide "ọjọọ maa jijiji nke ndị mmadụ."

Isi

Isi ndokwa, nke mbụ ahụ e dere Orthodox katkizim, e mepụtara na oge site na 1822 ka 1823. Ya na-ede akwụkwọ bụ St Filaret (Drozdov). The n'akwụkwọ e mma site Synod na bipụtara na 1823. Nke a katkizim Filaret e mma ibido dị ka a ndu. Mgbe e mesịrị, na-arụ ọrụ e doro ihe e bukwanu idegharị. Emelite na patching rụrụ site na-ede akwụkwọ, ndị isi ikpe na ndị ọzọ so Synod. Nke a na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile na-mma na ẹkama ọtụtụ mbipụta. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe, gụnyere ndị dị otú ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ka Metropolitan Bulgakov Makary, n'itinye katkizim Filaret dị ka otu n'ime "ihe atụ n'akwụkwọ." Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị, bụ ọrụ nke senti bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ikikere isi mmalite nke ikwesi olu ike ozizi. Nke a bụ ebe ndị kasị eju si na nnọchite nke chọọchị nke ya isi kweere.

controversial mbipụta

Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ Orthodox ọkà mmụta okpukpe-aka nke chepụtara Metropolitan Filaret. Ma, n'agbanyeghị nke a, ha ghọtara na ọ dị mkpa nke nwere a katkizim (ihe ọ bụ, dị ka akọwara n'elu) na ROC mere eme. Nke a na nkwupụta dabeere na eziokwu ahụ bụ na, dị ka Bishop Vasiliya Krivosheina, isi okpukpe akwụkwọ agbanweela kpam kpam edezi. N'ihi na aka nke onye-isi ọchịchị nke Nsọ Synod - ego onye - nke akwụkwọ ahụ ọnọdụ dị ka immutable ikwesi olu ike ncheta Ecumenical Chọọchị Ọtọdọks, kwa, nwere ike na-akpọ n'ime ajụjụ, dị ka ndị Catechism of the Moscow Filaret ya anaghị nwere niile nke ndị nnọchianya nke okwukwe na kọwaa mmetụta nke na-abụghị Orthodox nkà mmụta okpukpe.

The nke nke ọrụ nke okpukpe akwụkwọ na oge a na ROC

Ná mmalite nke 2014 ka e nyere ọ bụla "ntụziaka" mma n'okpuru nduzi nke otu n'ime ndị kasị elu ROC ọchịchị, ma Council of Bishọp na Holy Synod. Issue Catechism na ndokwa maka 2015. Protestant na miafizitov na-anọghị nke okpukpe nkịtị akwụkwọ ROC-enye ha ohere iji tụlee ẹdude mbipụta, mma site Synod, naanị dị ka ihe nduzi. Ha kweere structurally mgbe n'ịtụle katkizim, ọ bụghị a ikwesi olu ike isi iyi, nke ga-abụ ọrụ n'ikwupụta ozizi. -Akpali mmasị, nke a na-emekarị na-akpọ a Christian, bụghị ekpe okpukpe. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ọ na-akọwa izugbe Christian postulates maka bi Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Kwuru nime ya, na ọnọdụ nke ọchịchị ozu. Dị ka ihe atụ, Nicholas m bụ ma isi nke Russian Orthodox Church, kamakwa nchebe na superintendent nke ya Lutheran achị na abuana ke ntuli aka nke Armenian Onyeisi. Na, n'agbanyeghị ojuju nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia ka ukara catechisms na ozizi na isi mmalite, e kpebiri ịzụlite ha onwe ha na-edu ndú, nke ga-setịpụrụ eziokwu ndị bụ isi nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks.

Okpukpe Ọdịdị nke akwụkwọ

Ngalaba, nke ga-emepe Orthodox katkizim, agwa onye na-agụ banyere isi banye n'eluigwe, nke dịrị ndụ tupu Kraịst ozizi. Ọ na-egosikwa na-ele na echiche nke Chineke kpughere na akụkụ nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia, gwara banyere Bible. Nkebi na-esonụ bụ a atọ bụ isi akụkụ. Ha na-dabere na nyefe nke isi Christian omume ọma: "Ihe Ịhụnanya", "On Faith" na "The Hope." Na akụkụ a ga-ebibi ndị Faith, enye a zuru ezu nnyocha nke Nicene Creed na Orthodox nghọta, na-enweghị Filioque. Ọ na-ekewa 12 ọcha (òtù) maka a ọzọ zuru ezu nyochaa. Nke a na-agbaso site akụkọ nke asaa sacraments nke Christianity. Na mpaghara "On Hope" a na-ewere kwesịrị ekwesị na Christian echiche nke kpọmkwem na-akọwa otú ekpere na ndu onye kwere ekwe. Nkọwa Ọdịdị nke ahụ efegharị efegharị, "Nna anyị." N'ihi na ihe doo anya ekpere kewara akpọku, 7 na-arịọ na otuto na mkpọrọ. "Banyere Olileanya" na-akọwakwa 10 okwu ngọzi. Part nke "Ihe Ịhụnanya" na-raara nye iwu iri nke Chineke. Anọ n'ime ha na-apị na mbụ table. Ha bụ iwu ịhụnanya maka Onye Okike. Ihe isii ndị na-iwu nke onye agbata obi ya. Description ọ bụla so iwu dị mkpa izute chọrọ nke nkọwa na mmehie ndị pụrụ iso kpata ya mebiri. Ná ngwụsị nke okpukpe akwụkwọ na-ekwu, "The ojiji nke ozizi nke okwukwe na okpukpe kpọrọ ihe." Ọ ga-kwuru Structural katkizim na a ntuziaka bụ nnọọ uru n'ihi mmụta na nghọta. Text kpụrụ n'ụdị ajụjụ na azịza. Ntre, ke akpa ahụhụ ọdịmma nke okwukwe, ọdịnaya na isi nzube nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks. Religious akwụkwọ na-aza ajụjụ. Text management agbanweela a kpachaara anya archaism. The akwụkwọ nwere a ukwuu nke tserkovnoslavyanizmy. Ka ihe atụ, ntụgharị "na udi" katkizim na-ada ka "ihe ike / uche." Nke a archaism ghọrọ ndị a ma ama ke akpa ọkara nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ.

Short nke na-eke a otu management

The mbụ nkeji iri na ise nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ ndị ji na ojiji nke a zuru ezu ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke catechisms. The kasị n'etiti Orthodox ndị chepụtara na-edu ndú nke Metropolitan Peter ili na Plato. Kere n'okpuru nduzi nke ndị a, ọhụrụ mbipụta, nakwa dị ka ha bụ isi na isi mmalite, na-e-akatọ ndị chọọchị. Ke akpa idaha, ọ na-ahụ "Catholic" echiche ọjọọ. Na nke ikpeazụ a katọrọ n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke Protestant ọcha. Mkpebi nke a ọnọdụ bụ ihe e kere eke nke a ọhụrụ katkizim. Ke adianade do, n'ihi emejuputa atumatu 1816 a nsụgharị ọhụrụ nke Bible akwụkwọ na Russian, e kpebiri-eyigharị mkpa amaokwu nke ochie mbipụta nke Guide ọhụrụ. Ma na-nnabata ya na ojiji nke translation idegharị. Emepe emepe a ọhụrụ otu katkizim ọ malitere na 1822.

chepụtara

The ọrụ nke na-eru elu a katkizim e debere n'ihu otu n'ime ndị kasị gụrụ akwụkwọ na ọkachamara Russian ọkà mmụta okpukpe - Metropolitan nke Moscow na Kolomenskim Filaretom. Mbipụta mbụ e bipụtara na 1823. Catechism weere na Ọdịdị, mgbe ahụ, zọpụta niile mbipụta na nsụgharị. Ọ e gara site achọrọ atọ ngalaba nke Faith, Hope na Ịhụnanya. Author nọgidere na ngosi nke a ihe onwunwe ke ụdị "ajụjụ-azịza". The nyere si Akwụkwọ Nsọ gosiri na e nyere dị na nyefe na 1816, ụfọdụ n'ime nkebi ahịrịokwu a sụgharịala n'onwe ya site Filaret. Ihe kacha mkpa si ele ihe anya nke na compiler na-edu ndú ọnọdụ na-napụrụ na nnukwu ebipụta.

ọhụrụ akwụkwọ

1823 hụrụ re-ntọhapụ nke ndị katkizim. Labor e chebere ndị hụrụ na mbipụta mbụ nke njehie. Mgbe e mesịrị, na 1824, anọ ọzọ mbipụta gbatara Church Slavonic na obodo ụdị (abụọ mbipụta ọ bụla ụdị akara). Short version nke okpukpe akwụkwọ e ẹkesiode ke ufọt ufọt 1824 na aha ya bụ "Obere Catechism". Gịnị bụ nsogbu ahụ? Ọ na-e bu n'obi bụ isi maka-agụghị akwụkwọ na ụmụaka. The ndu na-agụnye ederede họrọ na isi mbipụta site na iji nnukwu font. Udele "bipụtara alaeze ukwu iji" na Shorter Catechism bụ. Mbụ Catechism malitere na-akpọ "ohere".

Nnyocha nke okpukpe akwụkwọ ma na ya pụta

Ntoputa nke catechisms dara na otu oge mgbe ifịk ifịk katọrọ nsụgharị nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ akwụkwọ emejuputa Russian Bible Society. A nọmba nke mgbanwe ọchịchị na elu-ogo ụkọchukwu karịsịa sharply katọrọ eme nke DBR. akwado AA Arakcheyev Minister nke Education Alexander Shishkov na Archimandrite Photius ifịk ifịk kwuru na Russian asụsụ na-adịghị ekwe na akwụkwọ ekpere dị nsọ akụkụ. Ọzọkwa, ya iji nwere ike ime ka onye ahụ nke dị iche iche na ozizi nduhie. AS Shishkov, ịbụ a supporter nke echiche nke njirimara nke Church Slavonic na Russian asụsụ, gbachiteere ya chere n'ihu Metropolitan Seraphim. Dị ka Photius, katkizim Drozdov na-eduzi Peter ili bụ tụnyere na onye ọ bụla ọzọ dị ka nke ọma dị ka "kanavnaya mmiri" bụ iji tụnyere "... ezi mmiri nke Neva."

Emegiderịta na mbụ

On ụzọ nke AS Shishkov malitere nnyocha catechisms Metropolitan Filaret. Ebumnuche nke a na-arụ ọrụ bụ iji mata ogo ndiiche si mbụ isi iyi, nke bụ ozizi ndị Ọtọdọks. Ihe e mesiri ike na feasibility nke na-eji a na-enyocha na a okpukpe akwụkwọ Bible e kwuru na Russian. Na nke a bụ echiche ya coincided na Photios na AS Shishkov. N'aka nke ọzọ, kwuru banyere kpere nkà mmụta okpukpe ọdịnaya nke katkizim, bụghị ike zuru ezu okwu. Description of ịrịba erughị eru enyocha nduzi emesi a ụdị nwere a ajụjụ a: "Gịnị bụ ihe kasị mma ozizi nke godliness?" Ọ ga-aza: "Nkwenkwe Ndị Kraịst". Site a iwu echiche, na-enyocha echiche na, na mgbakwunye na nke "kasị mma" pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ "ihe ọma" ozizi nke ime nsọ nsọ, ọ ga-abụ okpukpe Buddha ma ọ bụ Islam.

ukpan

Dị otú ahụ na a siri ike okpukpe gbapụ megide ọdịdị nke akwụkwọ na njedebe nke mkpọsa na November 1824 bịara n'ime utịp a iwu nke Nsọ Synod. Ọ machibidoro ibipụta na nkesa nke catechisms Filaret ruo n'ihu amamọkwa. Ihe kpatara mmachibido iwu e kwuru na inadmissibility nke transcriptions nke Ekpere Onyenwe Anyị, na Creed na 10 Iwu na Russian na-akpọ "folksy olumba". Na 1825 ọ nọ na-re-tọhapụrụ Catechism of Metropolitan Platon. M ga-asị na ọrụ a-mbu we puta na 1786 na diri asaa mbipụta. Nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha na-positioned dị ka a counterweight na-arụ ọrụ Filaret. Na Plato-edu ndú ka a hụrụ n'elu kwuru si Bible na Church.