Dehydrogenation nke butane ka butene

The dehydrogenation nke butane a rụrụ fluidized ma ọ bụ na-akpụ akpụ bed mkpali chromium na aluminum. The usoro a mụụrụ na okpomọkụ sitere na site 550 na 575 degrees. Ọzọ atụmatụ nke dee mmeghachi omume eruba continuity usoro yinye.

technology Atụmatụ

Dehydrogenation nke butane na tumadi na-emepụta na kọntaktị adiabatic ngwa agha. The mmeghachi omume a rụrụ na ọnụnọ nke uzuoku, nke budata ebelata ele mmadụ anya n'ihu mgbali nke inwe mmekọrịta gaseous bekee. Akwụ ụgwọ na elu mmeghachi omume ngwa endothermic okpomọkụ mmetụta na-emezu site n'inye okpomọkụ site elu nke flue, haruru.

mfe version

The dehydrogenation nke butane kacha usoro-agụnye impregnating na alumina na a ngwọta nke chromic anhydride ma ọ bụ potassium chromate.

Ihe mkpali akwalite ngwa ngwa na qualitative usoro ọsọ. Nke a ome osooso bụ a chemical usoro dị na a price nso.

mmepụta atụmatụ

Dehydrogenation nke butane - a mmeghachi omume nke na-adịghị na-agụnye ọkpụrụkpụ mkpali oriri. Ngwaahịa nke dehydrogenation nke amalite ihe onwunwe tasa extractive distillation unit, ebe nhọrọ a rụrụ dị mkpa olefin nta. The dehydrogenation nke butane ka butadiene na a tubular chernobyl enwe mpụga kpo oku nhọrọ, na-enye ohere na-enye ezi ngwaahịa mkpụrụ.

The specificity nke mmeghachi omume nke ya ikwu nchekwa, nakwa dị ka a kacha nta ngwa nke ọkaibe akpaghị aka na usoro na ngwaọrụ. Kwuo nwere ike mfe aghụghọ, nakwa dị ka ala oriri nke ọnụ mkpali Otu uru nke a technology.

usoro Atụmatụ

The dehydrogenation nke butane bụ a reversible usoro, na-abawanye na olu nke ngwakọta na-hụrụ. Dị ka Le Chatelier si ụkpụrụ, a chemical ịha mgbanwe na usoro kwupụta inweta mmeghachi omume na ngwaahịa, ọ dị mkpa iji belata nsogbu na mmeghachi omume ngwakọta.

The kacha na-atụle ikuku mgbali na okpomọkụ ruo 575 degrees, eji a mbuaha mkpali hromoalyuminievogo. Dị ka deposition ome osooso chemical usoro n'elu nke carbonaceous bekee nke na-guzobere n'oge miri n'akụkụ Jeremaya mere ùgwù nke na ndepụta hydrocarbon, ya ọrụ na-ebelata. Ka ịlaghachi na ya mbụ ọrụ, ndị mkpali na-regenerated site purging ya na ikuku, nke na-agwakọta ya na flue, haruru.

eruba ọnọdụ

Ọ guzobere dehydrogenation nke butane ka butene unsaturated cylindrical ngwa agha. Chernobyl nwere a pụrụ iche gas-ekesa ji kpachie oghere n'ịnyịnya ajọ ifufe nke na weghara mkpali ájá ebu pụọ site gas eruba.

The dehydrogenation nke butane ka butenes bụ ihe ndabere maka modernization nke ulo oru na usoro maka mmepụta nke unsaturated hydrocarbons. Tụkwasị na nke a bụ mmeghachi omume, dị a technology na-iji na-emepụta ndị ọzọ embodiments paraffins. Dehydrogenation nke n-butane bụ ihe ndabere maka mmepụta nke isobutane, n-butyl, ethyl benzene.

Na usoro e nwere ụfọdụ iche iche, ihe atụ, na dehydrogenation nke hydrocarbons nke paraffin usoro eji yiri akpali. Ntụnyere n'etiti mmepụta nke ethyl benzene na olefins, ọ bụghị nanị na ngwa nke usoro nke ome osooso, ma na ojiji nke yiri ngwá.

Duration nke ojiji nke mkpali

Gịnị ka e ji mara ndị dehydrogenation nke butane? The usoro nke mkpali mee n'ihi na usoro a - bụ chromium oxide (3). Ọ na-edebe na amphoteric aluminum oxide. Ntọt kwụsie ike na selectivity nke usoro ndị ome osooso, ọ proimitiruyut potassium oxide. Mgbe e ji n'ụzọ ziri ezi, na nkezi ogologo a na-fledged ọrụ nke mkpali nke afọ.

Dị ka ya ime ihe, a jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na deposition nke siri ike ogige na ngwakọta nke oxides. Ha kwesịrị oge ọkụ, iji pụrụ iche chemical n'ibu.

mkpali nsi site mmiri vepo emee. Ọ bụ na nke a mkpali ngwakọta emee butane dehydrogenation. The mmeghachi omume akụkụ a na-ewere na ihe ọmụmụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nke organic onwu.

Na ikpe nke a okpomọkụ na-abawanye nke osooso nke a chemical usoro a hụrụ. Ma nke a usoro na-ebelata na selectivity a hụrụ deposition nke Coke na mkpali oyi akwa. Ọzọkwa, na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na-chọrọ ndị dị otú ahụ ozi: dee akụkụ dehydrogenation nke butane, ethane combustion. Ukwuu nsogbu, ndị a Filiks-adịghị etinye.

Dee akụkụ nke dehydrogenation mmeghachi omume, na ị ga-aghọta na nke a bụ mmeghachi omume na-ewe ebe abụọ ntụziaka reciprocally. Kwa liter nke mmeghachi omume ome osooso olu akụkọ ihe 1000 lita butane, na gaseous ụdị ke otu awa, otú e nwere bụ dehydrogenation nke butane. Mmeghachi omume nke unsaturated butene na hydrogen bụ inverse usoro nke nkịtị butane dehydrogenation. Ekwenyere butene na kpọmkwem mmeghachi omume nke na nkezi nke 50 percent. N'ihi na 100 kilogram nke amalite alkane dehydrogenation kpụrụ mgbe banyere 90 kilogram butylene ma ọ bụrụ na usoro a rụrụ na mbara ikuku nsogbu na a okpomọkụ nke banyere 60 degrees.

Raw ihe maka mmepụta

Ka anyị tụlee dehydrogenation nke butane. usoro akụkụ dabere na ojiji nke akụrụngwa (gas ngwakọta) kpụrụ n'oge ejegharịrị. Mgbe mbụ ogbo, ndị ịkpachara anya ihicha nke butane nta si pentenes na isobutene, nke gbochie nkịtị N'ezie nke dehydrogenation mmeghachi omume.

Olee otú bụ dehydrogenation nke butane? The akụkụ nke usoro a na-agụnye ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ. Ọcha pụtara dehydrogenation nke ọcha butadiene ka butenes 1 na 3. The uche nwere anọ carbon atọm, nke na-enwetara na ikpe nke catalytic dehydrogenation nke n-butane, butene-1 bụ ugbu a, n-butane na butenes-2.

Ẹda a zuru okè nkewa nke ngwakọta bụ mfịna. Mgbe na-eji mmanụ na fractional distillation nwere ike rụrụ na a mgbaze dị otú ahụ nkewa, dịkwuo irè nke nkewa.

Mgbe arụ a fractional distillation na apparatuses enwe a nnukwu nkewa ike, e nwere a-ekwe omume nke zuru nkewa nke butene-1 of nkịtị butane na butene-2.

Site na aku na uba na echiche, na usoro nke dehydrogenation nke butane ka unsaturated hydrocarbons-atụle ga-ala-na-eri mmepụta. Ndị dị otú ahụ na nkà na ụzụ na-enye ohere na-emepụta moto mmanụ ụgbọala, nakwa dị ka a nnukwu dịgasị iche iche nke chemical ngwaahịa.

Ihu ọma, nke a rụrụ naanị na ndị ebe ebe dị mkpa unsaturated alkene, na butane nwere a ala na-eri. N'ihi na Mbelata ke price ma rụọ ọrụ na usoro dehydrogenation nke butane, budata gbasaa akporo ojiji na diolefins monolefinov.

butane dehydrogenation usoro a rụrụ na otu ma ọ bụ nzọụkwụ abụọ, e nwere a nloghachi nke unreacted ngwaọrụ ka chernobyl. N'ihi na oge mbụ na Soviet Union ẹkenịmde dehydrogenation nke butane na mkpali bed.

The chemical Njirimara nke butane

Na mgbakwunye na polymerization usoro, nwere butane combustion Jeremaya mere. Ethane, propane, na ndị ọzọ jupụta hydrocarbons nnọchiteanya zuru ezu dị na eke gas, n'ihi ya, ọ bụ a akụrụngwa niile Jeremaya mere, gụnyere combustion.

Na Bhutan, na carbon atọm bụ sp3-ngwakọ ala, ya mere, na nkwurịta okwu na-alụbeghị, mfe. A yiri Ọdịdị (tetrahedral udi) na-ekpebi chemical Njirimara nke butane.

Ọ gaghị enwe ike ịbanye na mgbakwunye mmeghachi omume, ọ na-achọkarị naanị isomerization Filiks, nnọchi, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ.

Nnọchi na diatomic halogen ụmụ irighiri na-rụrụ site na a buu usoro, na-zuru ezu tiri ọnọdụ (ultraviolet radieshon) dị mkpa maka mmejuputa iwu a chemical mmekọrịta. The bara uru niile na ọ nwere Njirimara nke butane ọkụ, Bilie ntọhapụ nke a zuru ezu ego nke okpomọkụ. Ọzọkwa, nke otu mmasị n'ihi na mmepụta nke dehydrogenation usoro na bụ a paraffinic hydrocarbon.

Specificity dehydrogenation

butane dehydrogenation ọgwụgwọ a rụrụ na a tubular chernobyl enwe a ofu mkpali na mpụga kpo oku. Na nke a, na mmepụta adahade butylene mfe mmepụta akụrụngwa.

Isi uru nke usoro a nwere ike oké ntakiri mkpali oriri. N'etiti erughị eru kwuru ọkpụrụkpụ oriri nke alloy steels, elu ego. Ke adianade do, catalytic akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nke butane-agụnye iji ihe a dị ịrịba ego nke nkeji, dị ka ha nwere ala arụpụtaghị ihe.

Production arụmọrụ bụ ala n'ihi na a akụkụ nke dehydrogenation chernobyl na-lekwasịrị anya, na akụkụ nke abụọ a na-dabere na ha imu. Ke adianade do, drawback nke usoro a yinye ma tụlee nnukwu ọtụtụ ọrụ n'ebe ọrụ. Ọ ga-echeta na mmeghachi omume bụ endothermic, otú ahụ usoro a rụrụ na dị elu okpomọkụ, na ọnụnọ nke ihe inert umi.

Ma ihe ize ndụ nke ihe mberede na-egosi na ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ. Nke a kwere omume ma ọ bụrụ na akàrà-na-agbajikwa na akụrụngwa. Ikuku na-abata chernobyl, Nleta ihe mgbawa ngwakọta n'elu agwakọta hydrocarbons. Iji gbochie ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, a chemical ịha na-gbanwere-nri site na-ewebata n'ime mmeghachi omume ngwakọta nke uzuoku.

Nhọrọ otu-nzọụkwụ usoro

Ka ihe atụ, na N'ezie nke organic onwu dị otú ahụ ọrụ chọrọ: Mee butane dehydrogenation mmeghachi omume akụkụ. Iji die ihe ndị a ọrụ, ọ bụ zuru ezu na-echeta ihe ndị bụ isi chemical Njirimara nke klas nke jupụta hydrocarbons hydrocarbons. Tụlee atụmatụ nke butadiene site dehydrogenation nke butane-ogbo usoro.

Battery butane dehydrogenation agụnye ọtụtụ onye ngwa agha, ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-adabere na ọrụ okirikiri, nakwa dị ka olu nke ngalaba. Ihu ọma, batrị a gụnyere na ise asatọ ngwa agha.

The usoro nke dehydrogenation na reverse imu bụ 5-9 nkeji na uzuoku kpochapu nzọụkwụ na-ewe si 5 na 20 nkeji.

N'ihi na dehydrogenation nke butane a rụrụ na a nọgidere na-akpụ akpụ oyi akwa, usoro bụ anụ. Nke a na-enyere aka melite arụmọrụ arụmọrụ nke mmepụta, enwekwu arụpụtaghị nke chernobyl.

Single-ogbo usoro rụrụ dehydrogenation nke n-butane na ala nsogbu (ruo 0,72 MPa) na okpomọkụ dị elu karịa na-eji maka mmepụta mụụrụ na alyumohromovom mkpali.

Ebe ọ bụ na nkà na ụzụ na-agụnye iji a chernobyl nke regenerative ụdị, chịrị si ojiji nke uzuoku. Ke adianade butadiene butenes na-emepụta na ngwakọta, ha na-re-na-agbara ndi mmadu n'ime mmeghachi omume ngwakọta.

Otu nzọụkwụ na gbakọọ na iji ruru nke butanes, na-na kọntaktị gas, otu onye n'ime ha kwajuru na chernobyl.

N'etiti uru nke usoro nke dehydrogenation nke butane dee mfe flowsheet mmepụta, ẹsụhọde ngwa udu nke ngwaọrụ, nakwa dị ka mbenata electric ike expenses ka e si usoro.

Na-adịghị mma kwa nke a technology na-anọchi anya ya obere oge kọntaktị nke reactants. Iji gbazie nsogbu a na-achọ mgbagwoju akụrụngwa. Ezie na e dị otú ahụ nsogbu, otu nzọụkwụ butane dehydrogenation usoro ọzọ bụ mma karịa abụọ-ogbo mmepụta.

Mgbe dehydrogenation nke butane otu okirikiri emee feedstock kpo oku ka okpomọkụ nke 620 degrees. The ngwakọta e zigara chernobyl, ọ rụrụ kpọmkwem na kọntaktị na mkpali.

Ka ịmepụta a na-adịghị mma mgbali na ngwa agha, na-eji agụụ compressors. Kpọtụrụ na gas na-abịa site chernobyl maka jụrụ, mgbe ahụ, ọ na-zigara nkewa. Mgbe mmezu nke dehydrogenation oriri okirikiri a na-ebute site ná ndị na-esonụ ngwa agha na nke ndị nke ugbua gafere a chemical usoro, a na-ewepụ site afụ hydrocarbon vapors. Ngwaahịa a na-evacuated, na ngwa agha na-eji ọzọ maka dehydrogenation nke butane.

ọgwụgwụ

Ihe bụ isi mmeghachi omume butane dehydrogenation nke nkịtị Ọdịdị bụ catalytic maka hydrogen ngwakọta na butenes. Na mgbakwunye na isi usoro, e nwere ike a plurality nke n'akụkụ, nke budata siere nhazi yinye. The ngwaahịa, nke na-enwetara site dehydrogenation, a na-ewere a bara uru chemical ngwaọrụ. Na ina mmepụta bụ isi kpatara nke search maka ọhụrụ na nkà na ụzụ n'agbụ nke hydrocarbon akakabarede ịgba nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ ka alkenes.