Gịnị bụ Central Department Store? chọpụtachaa ihe e deburu ndebiri

Gịnị ka ọ pụtara TSUM (transcript nke ndebiri), na Soviet ugboro, onye ọ bụla maara, n'agbanyeghị ihe nke USSR, ọ dịrị ndụ. Mgbe niile, na okwu a, nakwa dị ka chịngọm, bụ otu n'ji paradise, ebe ọ bụ ike ịzụta ihe niile. Dị ka akụkọ, ghọrọ usoro yana na ihe mere ya taa?

Gịnị bụ a Department Store

E nwere ihe abụọ na nsụgharị nke ihe pụtara ndị a akwụkwọ ozi atọ.

The ukara nkọwa nke okwu "Mgbe" - Central ngalaba ụlọ ahịa. Nke a aha bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu ụlọ ahịa ebe a na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Soviet na oge a na Russian Federation, emi odude ke nrutu nke ul. Petrovka na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Square na Moscow.

Mkpokọta ahịa ebe nke ewumewu (n'okpuru n'ala) - 69 square kilomita, nke taa na-eme ka yana otu n'ime ndị kasị ụlọ ahịa ebe a na Europe, na gburugburu ụwa.

Ọzọkwa, e nwere ihe ọzọ nkọwa nke okwu "Mgbe" - Central ngalaba nke Moscow. Ọtụtụ mgbe kwuru na dị ka shop ọbịa, onye mgbe niile nke ya adị kpụrụ nnukwu azụ ahịa. Otú ọ dị, nke a transcript ejighị nnọọ ezi, n'ihi na ebe ọ bụ na iwebata nke chịngọm bụ ya ka mgbe e weere na isi ụlọ ahịa mma ke Moscow.

History nke Central Department Store tupu 1917

Ebe mesoo eziokwu na a Central Department Store, uru na-achọta ihe banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme, n'ihi na ya dị iche iche oge, ọ bụ mgbe niile ke Chakwasa ihie.

Ruo mgbe XIX narị afọ. na Russian Alaeze Ukwu e nweghị ụlọ ahịa ebe a na ha taa nghọta. Ndị ogbenye na ndị na-eriju merchandised na ụlọ ahịa, na ahịa ma ọ bụ na obere pụrụ iche ụlọ ahịa, mgbe nnọchiteanya ọgaranya J.Randall ngwongwo mere ịtụ, ma ọ bụ dị ka si ná mba ọzọ.

Na 1857 na Russia bịara 2 Scottish entrepreneur - Endryu Myur na Archibald Meriliz. Edozi na mba ọhụrụ, a afọ ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị ntá ego meghere a obere haberdashery.

Ihe ha edenyere "Myur na Meriliz" pụtara ngwa ngwa we rigo n'ugwu, ọchụnta ego malitere nke nta nke nta na-agbasa nso nke ya ulo oru, imeghe ya ọzọ na ndị ọzọ ngalaba. Ruo mgbe ị na-abịa ikpebi na ọ dị mkpa na-emeghe onwe-nkwụsị shopping center, nke ha mere.

Site 1888-1889 biennium. kwụsị shop "Myur na Meriliz" na-arụ ọrụ na zuru siwing na ugbua akwụ ihe magburu onwe aha. Ebe i nwere ike ịzụta dịtụ ego (maka n'etiti òtù), elu-edu ngwaahịa, ọ bụghị nanị mba ọzọ ma na-Russian Nsukka. Ke adianade do, e nwere a store nloghachi usoro ma ọ bụ mgbanwe nke ibu, nakwa dị ka nnyefe ọrụ, nke nwere ike iziga zuo, ọbụna agbata obi obodo. Ke adianade do, na-eme n'ọdịnihu TSUM emepụta a n'oge a kara katalọgụ, nke nwere ike nye iwu site mail.

Otú ọ dị, ịga nke ọma nke "Myur na Meriliz" ike ma kpalie anyaụfụ nke obere ọma oru buu igba n'ulo. Ya mere, dị ka ochie Russian omenala, asọmpi gbalịrị ugboro abụọ ọkụ onye-nkwụsị ahịa nke Scots (1892 na 1900). E nwere ndị na asịrị ahụ a n'ụzọ ụfọdụ metụtara "nkwonkwo ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ Upper Trading ahịrị na Red Square na Moscow" (n'ọdịnihu chịngọm), nke na na oge dị nnọọ iji hazie ha shopping center.

N'agbanyeghị ihe niile atụmatụ aghụghọ nke asọmpi, Muir na Meriliz na a obere oge abụghị nanị na ha ike wughachi ya ụlọ ahịa, ma na a afọ ole na ole tụgharịa ya n'ime nnukwu asaa akụkọ mgbagwoju, nke ghọrọ ndị kasị mma tupu revolutionary Moscow. Ya mara mma, nkasi obi na gloss dọtara uche nke nnọọ niile ndi nke ọha mmadụ. Bara ọgaranya ka ụmụ amaala na-abịa "na Myur Meriliz" ịzụta ihe, na ndị na-enweghị ike imeli ya, gara ụlọ ahịa, dị ka ihe ngosi nke okomoko.

Department Store n'oge Soviet tupu agha oge

Mgbe mgbanwe na mbata nke Soviet ike ahịa center "Myur na Meriliz" bụ afọ ofufo na-amanye ala nwe, na site 1922 ọ e eze renamed Mostorg na mepere a festive ikuku.

Otú ọ dị, ka mbụ ịdị ukwuu "Myur na Meriliz" Mostorg (nke anya renamed na yana) ịnọgide na na enweghi ike. Quality nke ngwaahịa na ọrụ bụ budata ala karịa tupu revolutionary oge. Ọzọkwa, na-emeghe n'afọ ọzọ chịngọm ghọrọ positioned dị ka isi ngalaba nke mba. Na mberede, ndị nkọwa nke okwu "chịngọm" na "Mgbe" dị yiri nnọọ: na State Department Store na Central Department Store. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọchịchị edemede mmepe nke TSUM na chịngọm, nke ikpeazụ a họọrọ: ọ haziri na nke akwa akwa studio na ụkọ akụ ekesa ebe a ọzọ. Ma TSUM (transcript nke ndebiri n'elu) na-now nile na-na abụọ.

N'agbanyeghị nke a, ndị ahịa na-ka na-aga nke ọma. Site n'ụzọ, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na ngwaahịa malitere inye ọrụ n'aka.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1933, ndị Central Department Store, na oge mbụ na USSR, malitere ere okomoko ngwongwo na elu ahịa.

Yana n'oge na mgbe agha

Otú ọ dị, ụlọ ahịa enweghị ogologo Nme - Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. N'oge a, ọnọdụ nke Central Department Store agbanweela. Ugbu a ya elu ala a tọghatara n'ime n'ogige ahụ. Na ala wee na-ere ngwongwo, ma naanị ndị ọrụ na nanị na kaadị. Nke a usoro kere ruo ọgwụgwụ nke agha.

Mgbe emeri ọrụ oge nile nke a ngalaba ụlọ ahịa e weghachiri eweghachi na nke kasị nso-ekwe omume n'oge. Ọzọkwa, iji hụ na mkpa nke ndị ahịa maka Central Department Store ịzọpụta akụkụ nke Soviet ụlọ mmepụta ihe na osisi ndị na-azọrọ na e-enye a zuru ezu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ ahịa ibu.

N'ụzọ dị mwute, àgwà nke ibu njọ, dị ka isi butere ụzọ ha nọmba. Izute-eto eto ina, na ụlọ mmepụta ihe na-emekarị hapụ ngwaahịa na-asọ oyi àgwà, na ndị na-azụ n'ihi enweghị a mma e-amanye iji, nke ahụ bụ. Iji mee nke a, anyị aghaghị ichere ruo ọtụtụ awa kwụ n'ahịrị.

Na obere okwu, ndị Central Department Store nwere ike zụrụ na mba ọzọ na ngwongwo. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ nnọọ obere na-ịrịba chioma. Mgbe ụfọdụ, iji ihe e kpere a sales plan, ụkọ na dị ngwongwo kpọmkwem tinye na-ere na na njedebe nke ọnwa ma ọ bụ tupu mkpa ememe.

Na 70-80 afọ. ụlọ ahịa malitere a oge nke experimentation. Na-ebuli ọrụ ,, ẹkenam onwe-ọrụ usoro, nakwa dị ka a simplified ugwo usoro.

Rekeji nke Soviet Union

Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union yana wee na-adị, kama ọ dị mkpa ime mgbanwe iji kwekọọ ahịa aku na uba. Iji mezuo nke a, na 1992 ọ ghọọ a nkwonkwo ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ. mba obi e rụrụ na a afọ ole na ole ka chọta investors na converted ngalaba ụlọ ahịa ụlọ.

The eto eto bụ German ụlọ ọrụ redesign Einrichtung GmbH, site ná mgbalị nke a ahịa ebe ụba yana. The ụlọ ahịa e gbanwee. Ọ e dechara ọzọ akwa mgbago na-adọba ụgbọala maka ụgbọala, ígwè mbugo arụnyere. Ọzọkwa, usoro e kachasị ọrụ na ugwo. Na na 1997, TSUM pụtara ìhè n'ihu ndị na-azụ na a ọhụrụ, ihe oge a ụdị.

Mgbe taa

Ebe mesoo eziokwu na ndị dị otú ahụ yana, na ịchọpụta ya akụkọ ihe mere eme, ka anyị mara otú ihe na-na-na ụlọ ahịa a na ihe taa.

Ke akpa 2000s management nke shopping center ada n'elu Mercury. Ekele ya n'uche taa na a Central Department Store, mara anya ná mba. Ugbu a na ya n'ókèala na-abụghị nanị ụlọ ahịa, ma na-meghere 3 cafes, akọrọ ihicha na ịma mma salons.

Ke adianade do, oge a TSUM bụ ifịk ifịk na-elekọta mmadụ ndụ. Ọ na akwado nkà, foto na videovystavki na ebere ihe.

Ma, e nwere nke a n'ozuzu store na ọghọm. Ndị a gụnyere bụghị mgbe niile ọma chere na-advertisement n'ime Central Department Store. Ọ jikọtara ọtụtụ scandals. Ọ dabara nke ọma, ịzụ ahịa center management pụrụ ịnụ na ndị ahịa na izute ha arịrịọ.