Greek Acropolis. Gịnị bụ Acropolis, ebe ya anya ka (foto)

Na Greece, e nwere ọtụtụ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ akpọkwa elu akụkọ ihe mere eme uru. Otu n'ime ha - na Acropolis na Athens. Acropolis - ihe ọ bụ? Si sụgharịa Greek Acropolis pụtara "elu n'obodo". Nke a na nkume nzu nke ala dị larịị n'elu obodo (80 m elu) na mkpọda ugwu, n'akụkụ niile ma e wezụga n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. N'oge ochie, isi ọrụ nke a Ọdịdị bụ iji chebe megide mwakpo.

Ihe odide kasị ochie mmezi

The oge ochie Acropolis na Athens, kwuru ogologo oge tupu ndị oge gboo oge nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ogwugwu onu nke omenala nketa ihe ahuru na ekwekọghị afọ ndị oze Age (ukwuu n'ime n'oge na n'etiti). The VII-VI CC. BC. e. Ụlọ arụsị na-wuru, ma mgbe e mesịrị bibie Peasia.

Dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie, Grik Acropolis tọrọ ntọala n'Atens eze Cecrops. The elu na center agba aha, ewepụtara ya aha - "Kekrop» (cecropia).

pụtara okwu

"The Parthenon, na Propylaea, Acropolis" - ihe na-anọchi anya ndị a echiche, na nso si nke okwu ndị a?

• Parthenon - isi temple nke Greek Acropolis, raara nye chi nwanyị Athena. Site Greek "parthenos" na-sụgharịrị dị ka "na-amaghị nwoke." Athena yi a aha otutu.
• Okwu "Propylaea" - ewepụtara Greek propylaion. A magburu njiko n'ọnụ ụzọ na Acropolis na Athens. Ọ nwere ihe abụọ dị iche iche na-etoju Doric owuwu ụzọ mbata.
• Okwu "Acropolis" n'asụsụ Grik pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "Acro" - ugwu, "polis" - obodo. Nke ahụ bụ a wusiri ike nke Greek obodo, emi odude a ugwu.
• Erechtheion - a ụlọ nsọ Atena ma Poseidon. Ọ ihe asymmetrical mejupụtara na-emi odude ọtụtụ etoju.
• Gekatompedon - kasị ụlọ nsọ oge ochie nke Acropolis, nke a raara nye Athena.

The Acropolis na nzube ya

Acropolis - ihe na-ezo n'ime oge ochie a aha, na ihe bụ nke ya uru? Ọ bụ isi ebe ahụ eze. Ọzọkwa n'ime e nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ nsọ ebe ekpere chụrụ na chi ndị Grik, na-akwụ onye e mejọrọ. Na oge nke mmeri site Turks Acropolis egwuri ọrụ ha na ụlọ alakụba. Dị ka nke taa - bụ oge ochie ncheta nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ art.

Acropolis nke Athens dị ka ihe owuwu ensemble

Acropolis emepụta ọdịdị nke obodo nke Athens. N'oge ochie, ebe a bụ uru nke ebe nsọ ahu, na omenala center. All esịtidem owuwu ụlọ arụsị na-etolite a otu ensemble. Acropolis Architecture unusually adept, niile akụkụ nke a holistic, ọ dịghị ebe randomness - ụlọ na ncheta, ha na ọnọdụ ọma chere si na nnọọ ihe ezi uche. Nke a ensemble na-wuru asymmetrically na o kwekọrọ na isi ihe abụọ ụkpụrụ Ancient Greece ije n'oge ya okooko: kwekọrọ na uka itule na uzọ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ art na Ọnọdụ nke ya ewu. Parthenon na Gekatompedon - center. Acropolis 21 mejupụtara rụrụ mmewere (nkiri Dionysus oyiyi Promachos Athens, propylene, Athens ịchụàjà Zeus nsọ na ndị ọzọ).

ihe

Ọ anya dị ka ndị Acropolis taa? Gịnị ihe na-kere ya nile na-ewu?

Ugbu a, ọtụtụ nke ncheta bụ Acropolis mweghachi. Ya mere, nlegharị anya, i nwere ike ịhụ na ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-gburugburu scaffolding. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ, tinyere mgbe narị afọ ka nọgidere ha ịdị ukwuu, n'ihi na ọ bụ omume na-ekpe ikpe banyere ịpụ iche na mgbagwoju anya nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ nkọwa. Inyocha oge ochie ogidi nwere ike iche na ha ihe onwunwe mmepụta - na nkume nzu. N'ezie, niile ọcha nke Acropolis e wuru nke marble, nke a na-ezi dilapidated oghe ihe na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ya nọ na-ebibi agha.

propylaeum

On n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke a ugwu bụ n'ọnụ ụzọ Acropolis. Gịnị bụ Propylaea? Nke a na nke na-akpata nchegbu na ọtụtụ ndị, nke mbụ oge gara ileta isi na-adọrọ mmasị nke Athens. Propylaea - The isi n'ọnụ ụzọ na Acropolis, ebube ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke marble. Ha nwere oghere maka Itie ise. The widest nke ha (kama nke nzọụkwụ onwem na a ramp) dị n'etiti mbụ zubere maka agba na-agba ọsọ àjà. Obosara ya dị 4.3 m. Iso ụzọ ámá esịnede isii Doric owuwu ụzọ mbata. N'oge ochie, ndị Propylaea, Acropolis nke niile ihe owuwu ndị mara na ọtụtụ ndị e zoro aka ọtụtụ ugboro karịa ndị Parthenon.

Parthenon

Parthenon - isi temple, nke bụ ma ama n'ihi na ya Acropolis, ebe Bas-tụrụ e sere ngosi n'akụkọ ifo ndị Gris, gụnyere ọmụmụ nke Athena n'isi Zeus. The ịdị ukwuu nke temple bụ nnọọ nnukwu :. n'obosara 30 m, ogologo 70 m na ogidi, guzo na perimeta, nwere a elu nke 10 mita bụ ịtụnanya Ọdịdị ogidi :. Ha na na etiti na nkuku n'ịnyịnya na a nta nchepụta na-akwanyere n'ala. N'ihi na aghụghọ nke oge ochie architects, ụlọ nsọ anya otu hà okwu nke n'akụkụ ya nche. Inside ama ọkpụkpụ nke chi nwanyị e arụnyere - Athena na Virgin. Ọ na-kere site isi kere Acropolis, na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Phidias. The aka na ihu nke chi nwanyị e mere nke ọdụ, iberibe uwe na ngwá agha - nke gold, na-enwu nke anya-enweta site n'iji obi gemstones. Ta ihe oyiyi na-adịghị chebere. Ọdịdị ahụ ya e weghachiri, ekele hụrụ edemede ochie.

Erechtheion

Nsọ, bụ ebe bụ ma ama n'ihi ọtụtụ chi: Athena, Poseidon na Erechtheus (ochie eze Athens). Odude n'ime ọma nke Poseidon, jupụta mmiri nnu. Dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie, nke a nke ọma bụ n'ihi nke a trident iku nọ na oké Poseidon na ya siri ike n'aka. Dabere na eziokwu na ụlọ nsọ ụlọ zubere maka a dịgasị iche iche nke nzube, ọ abụọ n'ọnụ ụzọ na n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ n'akụkụ. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere a owuwu ụzọ mbata, setịpụrụ na Ionic ogidi. Ụzọ e mma na ornate ụkpụrụ na nza nke pịrị nkọwa, na e weere nke kacha mma na ịma mma clypeus nke Pericles. Near ụlọ nsọ ahụ dị na ọgba nke biri ndụ dị nsọ agwọ chi nwaanyị Athena. Agwọ gụnyere oké onye-isi obodo - Erechtheus. Ruo ugbu a, n'ime ime nke a na chọọchị e chekwara naanị na ihe odide nke na ya dịkọrọ ndụ, i nwere ike ịhụ nkọwa nke ogige.

Ụlọ ihe nkiri nke Dionysos

Greek ekiri fim mgbe e wuru na ugwu, na-ebe-esetịpụrụ idaha maka na-ege ntị, nke dị n'ihu a osisi ogbo. Na-ege ntị oche nọ n'ụdị a semisekel (a kpọrọ ha "Theatron") na gburugburu a n'elu ikpo okwu, ebe ekwe ukwe (saịtị akpọ orhestra). The IV c. BC. e. oche maka ekiri e mere ka a ezumike na nkume ala na mgbe ahụ na-eche marble. Ụlọ ihe nkiri nke Dionysos - akpa nnukwu Greek nkiri, emi odude ke n'ebe ndịda mkpọda nke obodo ndị Acropolis. Iji nwere anwụghị si marble oche ndị na-zubere maka mkpa ọbịa na asọpụrụ ụmụ amaala nke Athens. Ike Ụlọ ihe nkiri - 17 na puku ndị mmadụ ..

The temple nke chi nwanyị Nike

Nke a bụ ihe ọzọ na extant chọọchị, nke ensemble (Acropolis). Gịnị bụ "Athena Nike" - a okwu e aha nke chi nwanyị? Nick na-emekarị ka e sere na nku na ya azụ. Ma nke a temple isịneke na-achị, dị ka ndị Atens kpebiri na-emeri n'ụlọ. Ya mere, nku na ebughị ya n'uche na-emepụta, ọ bụghị na-ekwe ka Nick ka ofufe pụọ na-ahapụ ihe niile na obodo. N'ihi ya, "Apteros" pụtara "wingless".

The temple nwere anọ Ionic kọlụm, elu akụkụ nke na-mma na gburugburu curls. Temple nke Athena Nike e wuru n'oge Peloponnesian War, otú ahụ ka Bas-tụrụ-egosi mmeri Spartans na ndị Peshia. N'oge kpọọ nke Turkish nsọ e bibie maka owuwu nke agha e wusiri ike. Iji ụbọchị, n'ulo nke Nike na-emechi ọha na eze ruru ka mweghachi.

Olee ihe mechara bibie

Ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ akpọkwa na-anwụghị ruo ugbu a. N'ebe ha na-hụrụ naanị ntọala ma ọ bụ ndị enweghiudi mkpọmkpọ ebe nke ụlọ na ozugbo chọọ Acropolis. Gịnị ka ha nọ na-anya, anya dị ka ya heyday? Ka ihe atụ, Gekatompedon ma ọ bụ Pandroseion? Nke a nwere ike ikpe site na ihe gwupụtara ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na-egosi, ekpe ụwa nke Ancient Greece. Na-na saịtị Gekatompedon anọgide nke ogidi na akụkụ nke ọkpụkpụ a chọtara. Ebe nsọ Atemis, na anaghị nta ka o bibie: ọ hụrụ naanị obere residues na nkwakọba ebe ngwá agha na-echekwara.

ọhụrụ Museum

Athens Museum, emi odude na ókèala nke Acropolis, na oru na 1874. Ke ofụri ofụri, e na-egosi ọcha, na mbụ kwadoro na Upper Town. The collection bịara ọzọ, mgbe a na mgbe, na dị ohere bụ ezughị. Nso Acropolis amalitela ewu nke a ọhụrụ, saa mbara ụlọ. Ma, ọ bụghị mgbe niile na-arụ ọrụ ọsọ were were, dị ka e nwere ụfọdụ ihe mgbochi na nsogbu ndị a na-oke nke architects ma ọ bụ ala. Ná mmalite nke ewu, n'oge nkwadebe nke ala tọkwara ntọala, mbụk ịrịba ụkpụrụ ụlọ akpọkwa ahuru. Dị ka a N'ihi nke na-ewu nke ngosi nka a kwụsịtụrụ.

Atọ-larịị ngosi nka mgbagwoju na e meghere ke 2009, a iko n'ala ka ọbịa nwere ohere iji na-edebe ihe ogwugwu.