Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez): ebe bụ nkọwa

The Gulf of California bụ akụkụ nke Pacific Ocean. Ọ na-emi odude ke edere nke Mexico na mmachi osimiri nke dịịrị banye na mmiri nke Baja California na Sonora na Sinaloa. Ogologo ya dị 1126 km, na obosara dịgasị site na 48 ruo 241 km. Bay Area - banyere 177 000 sq. km. Na mmiri ya, e nwere ihe 900 agwaetiti, gụnyere Isla Angel de la Guarda na Tiburon, ndị kasị ibu Mexico. Si n'ebe ugwu na Gulf of California adaghị Colorado River na ọtụtụ mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri n'obodo ahụ nkezi uru na-emi odude tinyere anoghi n'ulo oba.

akụkọ

Gulf of California malitere na-etolite banyere 130 nde afọ gara aga na ndị Mesozoic oge, mgbe dị ka a n'ihi nke tectonic kpatara n'usoro nke Sushi, nke ghọọ karịrị oge peninshula nke Baja California, malitere ikewapụ si Chile. Odika 4.5 nde afọ gara aga, akụkụ a nke mmiri kpụrụ kpamkpam, ma ka oge na-peninshula kpaliri a n'ihu 650 km. Ọ na-na-eche na, na-akpụ akpụ na a ọsọ nke 4 6 cm kwa afọ, a ole na ole nde afọ, ya kpam kpam detaches si na kọntinent na Gulf ga-mkpagide.

Na 1533, ndị dịịrị banye na mmiri na n'ọnụ mmiri na mmadụ na mberede chọpụtara emeri Mexico, Hernan Cortes, mgbe nke na 1539 na California mmiri nwetara ya nke abụọ aha - Osimiri Cortez. Conquistadors kweere na n'ebe ugwu bụ mythical Strait Aniane ijikọ Pacific na Atlantic.

Explorer Melchior Diaz enyoba ugwu n'ụsọ oké osimiri na 1540 na meghere ọnụ nke Colorado, ma aghara banyere Strait nọ na obodo odide na na Asaa na narị afọ. Cortez ada azụ njem ya a ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ib, mmepụta nke nke e rụrụ mgbe e mesịrị na ihe ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ, dị ka ma na-amaghị ama ọrịa na afọ 1936-1940 anaghị emebi akịrịkọ-pearl mọsel.

Na Gulf Coast bụ isi nke English, French na Dutch na My Chemical Romance na-okụrede ke ikpeazụ meriri Baja California site Spaniards na 1697 The mmepe nke region malitere mgbe a tọrọ ntọala na 1768 nke Franciscan ọzọ na Pacific n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Na 1821, Bay ghọrọ akụkụ nke nọọrọ onwe ha ala, Mexico (na ụwa map ọ bụ ugbua site na oge malite iji gosipụta), na na na njedebe nke 1846-1848, na US ochichi US-Mexico War, kwetara ịhapụ mba maka dịịrị banye na mmiri na warara nke ala n'ebe ugwu n'ikpere mmiri Bay, otú ahụ ka oké osimiri nke Cortez bụ kpam kpam Mexico. Ugbu a na ya n'ikperé mmiri bụ n'ụlọ ka 8 nde mmadụ.

ihu igwe

The idụhe bụ subtropical Gulf, na ịrịba n'oge a kara fluctuations. Na okpomọkụ na okpomọkụ esịmde 30 ° C, na oyi na ugwu zie ka nkezi nke 9 ° C, ma e nwere na-na-oyi kpọnwụrụ. Nkezi mmiri okpomọkụ nke 24 ° C (30 ° C na okpomọkụ na 16 ° C na oyi). Na n'ebe ugwu nke mmiri site na October na May mmiri ozuzo bụ obere, na n'ebe ndịda n'oge okpomọkụ okpomọkụ oké ifufe ime.

omimi

The nkezi omimi nke ihe karịrị a kilometa, ma ala nke n'ọnụ mmiri na-ebipụ site miri anētiye, esịmde 3400 mita. Na ugwu nke ebe, karịsịa gburugburu ọnụ ọnụ nke Colorado, e nwere itoolu mita tides, n'etiti ndị kasị elu na ụwa.

fauna

Gulf of California nwere ahụkebe dịgasị iche iche nke fauna, nke mere na mpaghara ebe a bụ eke laabu maka ịmụ mmiri, natara site Jacques-Iva Kusto akpọ "ụwa akwarium." Ebe a anyị hụrụ banyere 40% nke nile umu nke mmiri mammals na a atọ nke na-anọchite anya nke ụwa nke cetaceans nke ezinụlọ. Ọ bụkwa nanị ebe n'ụwa ebe e nwere mmiri n'okpuru osimiri ájá adakarị.

Total na Gulf enwere 36 umu nke mmiri mammals, 31 - cetaceans, ise nke asaa ụdị oké osimiri turtles, karịa 800 azụ, nke 90 na-jupụtara ejupụta, 210 - ezinụlọ nke nnụnụ, na ihe karịrị mmadụ 6,000 invertebrates.

Flora agụnye 695 osisi, nke 28 na-jupụtara ejupụta. Ọ bụla oyi na Gulf aga Mbugharị nke isi awọ whales. E wezụga ndị a, ka migratory umu-agụnye humpback whales, na spam whales. Ma mgbe ụfọdụ igwu mmiri na mmiri nke n'ọnụ mmiri ibu -acha anụnụ anụnụ whales. The kasị ama na ka agụghị oké mụọ bụ jupụtara ejupụta na California azu, ma ọ bụ Vakit, n'etiti ndị kasị nta na nke ezinụlọ, onye ogologo anaghị gafere otu na ọkara mita. Nke a umu, chọpụtara na 1958, bụ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ikpochapu.

pụtara Gulf

California Bay nwere azụmahịa uru. Ọ bụ nnọọ nnukwu, ka 77% of Mexico azu catch dara na Pacific Ocean na 80% nke ha - n'Oké Osimiri Cortez. Nso nso, na azu imetụta n'ozuzu oghom gburugburu ebe obibi mgbanwe ndị dị ka Mbelata eruba nke Colorado River, ebe mmiri dọpụ ala. Nsogbu ọzọ bụ oké ike nke na azu, nsogbu mgbake nke bi na ala ala trawling.

isuo

Tupu na-ekwu banyere na agwaetiti, ị ga-echeta na ihe oké osimiri bụ nke Gulf of California. N'ezie, na Pacific. Agwaetiti, ọtụtụ nke na-n'elu ugwu nesting na saịtị ndị a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụmụ nnụnụ na ihe dị mkpa korido maka migratory umu, ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ ha ruru 50%. Otu n'ime ihe ndị jupụtara ejupụta nnụnụ na-anọchite anya ya.

The idụhe bụ ala kpọrọ nkụ nke agwaetiti, yiri Sonoran Desert. N'etiti agwaetiti osisi na gburugburu mmiri dị otú ahụ dị ka Gulf of California (na map ọ dị mfe ịchọta), adịkwaghị cacti na ndị ọzọ na succulents. On ụfọdụ àgwàetiti ndị marshes, na n'ebe ọwụwa n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Tiburon gbatịa ala mangroves. The fauna ndị a ala ebe a na-tumadi na-anọchite anya na-akpụ akpụ, nke e nwere na-115 umu, ma ọ bụ banyere 10% of Mexico Herpetological di iche iche. The kasị ala mammals bụ coyotes na obere nwa-tailed mgbada.

July 15, 2005 akụkụ nke n'ọnụ mmiri na n'àgwàetiti (5% nke ókèala) e esịne ke UNESCO World Heritage ndepụta, dị ka ndu di iche iche nke obodo bụ iji tụnyere ndị Galapagos Islands na Great Barrier Reef. Na ngụkọta, e nwere itoolu echebe ebe, nke 25% na-agwaetiti na 75% bụ nke mmiri mmiri. Were n'okpuru nchebe nke ọzọ n'ókèala adịghị ekwe ka ọnọdụ ọchịchị na mba na-emegide azụmahịa mkpọsa.

njem

Gulf of California bụ a na-ewu ewu na mba njem nleta ebe na a eme ihe iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ kwa afọ na-adọta nde mmadụ abụọ, nke awade osimiri, mmiri na mmiri ma ama maka ha nghọta. Dị azu, windsurfing, kayaking, mgbe ochie, biking, hiking na inyinya tours, whale Ikiri, na-eleta ọtụtụ unspoilt nkuku. E nwere ndị ọzọ dị iche iche nke ndụ na ebe obibi njem.

Mexico na ụwa map bụ anya ọma, kwa mfe ịhụ na n'ọnụ mmiri. Iji nweta ebe a, ị nwere ike kpuchie ogologo ụzọ ma ọ bụ obere, ma dị nnọọ mkpa ịmara na mmetụta uche mgbe nleta ga-anọgide na-agaghị echefu echefu.