Irkutsk HPP ewu, akụkọ ihe mere eme, foto

Irkutsk Hydroelectric Power Station bụ nke mbụ na kasị hydroelectric ike osisi, wuru na Angara. Ọ malitere guzobere dum ike mgbagwoju. Ihe isi ike na ya na-ewu aka inweta a n'ezie bara oké uru ahụmahụ.

prehistory

M ga-asị na eke akụ na ụba nke Siberia (akpan akpan, ebe ebe Angara ewe ebe) bụ mgbe mmasị na nnyocha tupu revolutionary Russia. Otú ọ dị, na-eduzi mgbe ọrụ nchegbu tumadi mineral.

Serious nnyocha na hydropower malitere ike mụụrụ naanị ke 1924-1925 gg. N'ihi na oge mbụ ihe niile na-otu pụtara ebuka nke onye Angara kwuru na engineer VM Malyshev. Dị nnọọ n'oge a mere m a idegharị electrification plan. Ọ bụ n'oge nke mbụ afọ ise atụmatụ e zubere iji mezue ọrụ na-amụ ike nke osimiri iji hazie ndị kasị ibu Eastern Siberia Power na isi, nke dị oké mkpa maka ngwa ngwa na-eto eto mmepụta.

Research na imewe ọrụ

Na-amụ Siberia ala nso Angara e ekenyela banyere 20 nde rubles. Nke ahụ bụ mgbe nsogbu a na ghọrọ mba aku. Ma n'agbanyeghị ihe ndị kenyere pụrụ iche mbara ọmụmụ na osimiri e ẹkenịmde naanị kemgbe 1930. N'otu oge, na guzobere a pụrụ iche alụmdi na-akpọ Office maka Study nke Angarsk nsogbu. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị ya e renamed na Bureau nke Angara River, nke ghọrọ akụkụ nke obi "Hydroenergoproject".

The ìgwè ndị nnyocha, nke e mere site na Prọfesọ Malyshev, na 1935 dechara nke mbụ na-adọ nke ọrụ na osimiri. The pụta bụ a atụmatụ nke-erigbu ya elu òkè, na Irkutsk hydro oru ngo na a plan dum mgbagwoju nke ụlọ ọrụ, nke ga-erepịa ndị ike. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ndị ahụ ka ihe osụk site a otu Malyshev e weere nnọchiteanya nke USSR State Planning Kọmitii. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị Commission agbala a mkpebi na-ewu na Angara River isii nanị hydroelectric ike ụgbọ, nke ga-abụ a na-aga n'ihu cascade, mbụ na ndepụta bụ Irkutsk hydroelectric ojii (foto).

mwube

Na 1948, a hydropower ojii wee kpuchie a ndepụta nke ntụkwasị obi "Hydroenergoproject" na ngalaba nke imewe na nnyocha e mere na-arụ ọrụ. Chief engineer nke ndị na-ewu ghọrọ G. N. Suhanov, na architects - V. Letavin na P. M. Stalin. Na 1949, ndị hydroelectric ngo mma, na n'oge na-esote afọ, ndị ọchịchị Soviet nakweere mkpebi n'ikpeazụ na-ewu nke mbụ hydroelectric ike ojii nke Irkutsk mpaghara.

Mgbe otu ọnwa na saịtị nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu dam uru na-ewu ụlọ. N'ihi ya na-ewu-akpan haziri iche iche na-ewu management n'okpuru aha "Angaragesstroy". Na dị na hydroelectric chọrọ ịrụ ma nwa oge na inyeaka ụlọ ọrụ, nakwa dị ka ụlọ ọrụ, olu nke nke bụ iru 312 puku. Cubic mita.

Ke adianade do, dị ka atụmatụ, na-ewu pesonel mkpa inye a ndụ nke ebe 90 puku. Sqm, ezinụlọ ụlọ na omenala nghazi na olu nke 135 puku. Cubic mita. All ụlọ ndị a nọ ná mkpa nke siwa na mmiri isi ogologo nke 63 km. Echefula banyere railroads na okporo ụzọ.

Head "Angaragesstroya" họpụtara A. E. Bochkina na ndị isi engineer - S. N. Moiseeva. N'okpuru nduzi nke nwere ahụmahụ na eru Hidrotechnika AA Melnikonisa Irkutsk dam e wuru. HPP aghọwo ihe niile na-otu ewu na saịtị. Ndị a na-agụsị akwụkwọ si niile n'akụkụ nke mba ahụ. Ha keere òkè ná nzukọ na-ewu ya na-gwụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-ezi nnukwu coordinators.

Ihe isi ike na ndị na-ewu

Irkutsk Hydroelectric Power Station, ndị na-ewu nke e nyere nnọọ ike, na akụkụ mbụ nke cascade nke isii hydroelectric ike osisi. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na mejuputa ndị dị otú ahụ oru ngo nwere tupu. Ya mere, n'oge na-ewu na e nwere ọtụtụ ihe isi ike. Ọ dị mkpa na-ewu a gravel-ájá dam, onye ogologo bụ 2,5 km na jikọtara ya na ụlọ ya HPP anọchi mesikwuru ihe ewu ogologo nke 240 m. Ọ dị mkpa na-anakọta asatọ nkeji na a ngụkọta ikike 660 puku. KW.

Irkutsk hydroelectric ike ojii, esịnede a dam, nke e wuru nke ájá na ajịrịja nkume, na-akọrọ ya ụlọ e mere maka oge mbụ. Ke adianade do, ndị a na nnukwu mounds enwebeghị n'ụwa. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na hydroelectric ike osisi wuru na seismic mpaghara (ruo 8 isi na ọtụtụ Richter), na ezigbo ewu ihe owuwu bụ ájá na gravel ndị dị otú ahụ tara akpụ. Mgbe oge nke a ga-ekwe omume ọma jijiji, ha ga-malitere na anọkwasị.

Dị ka ọ na-enyo, na kristal doro anya mmiri nke osimiri Angara choro ihe pụrụ iche àgwà. Ná mmalite oge okpomọkụ nke 1954 a-echeta ihe e dere ede tọrọ ke ukot nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu hydroelectric ike osisi ụlọ. Ọ bụ na ọ na-ahụ bụ mmalite nke na-ebikwasị ihe. Ke adianade do, Irkutsk hydroelectric ojii, onye na-ewu ama siri ike, e wuru na oké osimiri na a pụtara ngwa ngwa etoola ma na nnọọ aka ike na gburugburu.

nsogbu

Ná mmalite nke 1953 na Angara mberede, ọ malitere idei mmiri, nke na-fọrọ nke nta ka ihe kasị esiri maka hydrobuilders. The eziokwu na na Iv nke afọ ọhụrụ oké ntu oyi, bụ osimiri na-kpuchie na ice, ma ike okwukwo nyawaa ya, ma nnukwu chunks ama nsoroụzọ ala, na-eke mkpọchi. N'oge na-adịghị, mmiri malitere ngwa ngwa bilie, na-Nchoputa n'elu dam. Dị ka a n'ihi nke Irkutsk hydroelectric ojii, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ nke maara ọtụtụ ihe isi ike, ọ nọ n'okpuru iyi egwu nke idei mmiri.

niile dị nfuli e ji imipu mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na naanị otu onye n'ime ha na a oge n'usoro, ọ ga-eduga a zuru idei mmiri. Ọkwọ ụgbọala na-arụzi ụgbọala fọrọ nke nta ka ụbọchị atọ, ahapụghị n'olulu, ma, oge a na-arụ ọrụ steepụ jumpers. A na-aga n'ihu iyi nke gwongworo kwajuru na gravel, ka o siri ike gabiga ikpe idei mmiri ụzọ. Builders na oké nkume uwe boo, tujue ya na mmiri, na-eke ihe impermeable mgbochi. Na njedebe, mgbalị ndị siri ike nke ndị mmadụ nwere ike iji chebe olulu ma zere nnukwu losses.

igba egbe

Ná mmalite nke July 1956 egbochi ndị Angara River na mmiri e zitere site ọzọ ụlọ na-dechara hydroelectric ike. 29 December nke otu afọ, mgbe 82 ọnwa site na mmalite nke ewu, onye nke ya nkeji e jikọọ na netwọk. Mgbe 2 ụbọchị, nyere ugbu a na nke abụọ. Na 1958, e etinyere n'olu abụọ ọzọ nkeji. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Irkutsk HPP malitere ịrụ ọrụ na zuru ike.

Ọ ga-kwuru na hydroelectric esite jupụtara 7 afọ. N'oge a nke oge backwater si dam wee Baikal na, ya mere, ya larịị mụbara site 1.4 m. Ugbu a ndagwurugwu Angara River bụ Baikal n'ọnụ mmiri na Great Lake aghọwo akụkụ bụ isi nke usoro iwu Irkutsk esite.

ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ

Irkutsk hydroelectric ike ebe, nke nwere a akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe karịrị ọkara otu narị afọ, bụ akụkụ nke ihe integrated usoro Central Siberia. N'ihi ya na-ewu na ime ihe nwere idei mmiri na 138 puku. Hectare nke ala nke mbụ bụ banyere 200 niile, nakwa dị ka akụkụ ụfọdụ nke okporo ụzọ na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè. About 17 puku. People kwagara n'ebe ndị ọzọ. Ugbu Irkutsk hydroelectric amụba eletrik, price nke na-atụle ga-kasị ala na Russia.