Kol: n'iji di iche-iche

Ọ bụ ike iche n'echiche ihe ndị ọzọ dị oké mkpa ka ụmụ mmadụ karịa coal. Ya iji bụ otú multifunctional na mgbe ụfọdụ nnọọ anya. Otú ahụ, n'amaghị ama doro anya creeps na, na na-ada nnọọ ezi uche ajụjụ m na isi: "Gịnị? Ọ niile coal?! ". All agba nkịtị na-eche echiche nke coal naanị combustible ihe onwunwe, ma, n'ezie, na nso nke ngwa, ọ bụ nnọọ ọtụtụ nke na o yiri ịrịba.

The guzobere na mbido nke coal seams

Ntoputa nke coal na ụwa bụ nke anya Paleozoic oge, mgbe planet ka nọ development ogbo ma kpamkpam ọbịa umu maka anyị. Formation coal seams malitere banyere 360.000.000 afọ gara aga. Nke a mere tumadi na sediments nke prehistoric mmiri, ebe ọtụtụ nde afọ nke akwakọba organic ihe onwunwe.

Nanị tinye, coal - ọ bụ foduru nke ozu nke ibu na ụmụ anụmanụ, osisi Kporo na ndị ọzọ na ndụ nke na-imi na ala, nke a na-emerụ na-enwe n'okpuru mmiri kọlụm. The usoro nke guzobere ego bụ nnọọ ogologo oge, na n'ihi na e guzobere nke coal onuete na-achọ a kacha nta nke 40.000.000 afọ.

Mmịpụta nke coal

People ogologo oge gara aga, achọpụtara mkpa na irreplaceable coal, Njirimara na ngwa dị ka ọ pụrụ ịtụle na imeghari ka ndị dị otú ahụ a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ na nso nso. Nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepe nke coal ego malitere naanị ke XVI-na Asaa ọtụtụ narị afọ. na England, na amịpụtara ihe onwunwe na-eji tumadi maka ezi ígwè dị mkpa maka amị egbe. Ma ya mmepụta site taa ụkpụrụ bụ ya mere na-adịghị mkpa na ya ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike-atụle.

Large-ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta malitere naanị kwupụta n'etiti XIX narị afọ. Mgbe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta malitere na-emepe emepe dị nnọọ mkpa coal. Ya iji Otú ọ dị, n'oge ahụ ahụ amachaghị nanị combustion. Taa, ọtụtụ narị puku ndị mines rụọ ọrụ na gburugburu ụwa, a ụbọchị Ngwuputa karịa afọ ole na ole na XIX narị afọ.

Iche coal

Ego nke coal seams nwere ike iru ogbu nke ọtụtụ kilomita matịa n'ime ime nke ụwa, ma ọ bụghị mgbe niile na ọ bụghị n'ebe nile, n'ihi na ọ bụ ma na ọdịnaya na ọdịdị heterogeneous umu.

E nwere 3 isi ụdị nke mmanu ndi mere onwe: Anthracite, lignite, na peat, nke dị vaguely reminiscent nke coal.

1. Anthracite bụ ndị kasị ochie guzobere na ụwa nke a, ná nkezi, afọ nke ụdị bụ 280.000.000 afọ. Ọ bụ nnọọ ike, nwere elu njupụta na carbon ọdịnaya nke 96-98%.

2. Ekweghị ekwe na njupụta nke aja aja coal dịtụ obere nakwa dị ka ọdịnaya nke carbon na ya. Ọ nwere ndị ejighị n'aka, omume rụrụ Ọdịdị na jupụta na mmiri, ọdịnaya nke na nke ọ nwere ike iru ruo 20%.

3. Peat na-ezo dị ka variants nke coal, ma bụghị ma kpụrụ, n'ihi ya, coal, o nwere ihe ọ bụla.

Njirimara nke coal

Ọ bụ ugbu a siri ike iche n'echiche ọzọ na ihe onwunwe ndị ọzọ bara uru na ndị bara uru karịa coal, bụ isi Njirimara na ojiji nke nke e ụmụnna obi ụtọ. N'ihi na ọ nwere bekee na ogige, ọ bụ nanị dị oké mkpa na ebe niile nke oge a ndụ.

The akụrụngwa nke coal bụ dị ka ndị:

• nkezi volatiles content esịmde 35-40%;

• nkezi ash ọdịnaya adịghị gafere 15-18%;

• nkezi mmiri ọdịnaya àmà site 12-15%;

• nkezi caloric ọdịnaya hà 5500-7000 kcal / n'arọ.

All ndị a components na-eme ka coal, ojiji na ojiji nke bụ multi-ọtọ. Obodo bekee ẹdude ke coal, enye a ngwa ngwa mgbanye na ụdi nweta nke okpomọkụ. The mmiri ọdịnaya nke coal nhazi simplifies kalori ọdịnaya-eme ka ọ dị oké mkpa iji na pharmaceuticals na ntecha, ash ya onwe ya bụ a bara uru ịnweta ihe onwunwe.

The ojiji nke coal n'ụwa taa

Dị iche iche ngwa nke mineral. Kol bụ na mbụ na isi iyi nke okpomọkụ, mgbe ahụ, ike (mmiri ghọọ uzuoku) ugbu a na nke a, nke ahụ, ohere na-akparaghị ókè coal.

Kwes ike si combustion nke coal na converted n'ime electric-ya nime ya arụpụtara Coke chemical ngwaahịa natara mmiri mmiri mmanụ ụgbọala. Kol - naanị umu ke nke adịghị dị na a obere ọla ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka germanium na gallium. N'ihi na ọ na-amịpụtara Coke oven gas, esichara mgbe n'ime benzene, nke na-kewapụrụ coumarone resin, inyịme ke imewe nile di iche iche nke akọwa, lacquers, roba na linoleum. Enwetara site na coal , aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols na pyridine bases. N'oge nhazi nke coal okụt ngwa ke imewe nke vanadium, graphite, sọlfọ, molybdenum, zinc, edu ndú na plurality nke ka na-na bụ ugbu a dị oké mkpa na ngwaahịa.