Life na Works nke Bach

Site narị afọ nke 19 ruo ugbu ụbọchị anaghị tawa mmasị na ọrụ Ioganna Sebastyana Bach. Creativity enweghị atụ amamihe na-emetụta ya size. Onye kasị ukwuu dere mara n'ụwa nile. Ya aha mara bụghị naanị site ọkachamara na music hụrụ, ma ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị gositụrụ mmasị na "oké njọ" art. Na otu aka, Bach otu N'ihi. Onye dere dọtara na ahụmahụ nke ụzọ. Ọ maara na choral polyphony nke Renaissance, ndị German ngwa music, karịsịa Italian-style violin. Ọ juputara maara na ọhụrụ ihe, mepụtara na generalized ahụmahụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, Bach bụ oké innovator, bụ onye ike na-emeghe ọhụrụ na atụmanya maka mmepe nke ụwa music. Creativity Ioganna Baha nwere mmetụta miri emi na-eso ụzọ ya: Brahms, Beethoven, Wagner, Glinka, Taneyev, Honegger, Shostakovich na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ oké arọ.

The nkà nketa nke Bach

O kere ihe karịrị 1,000 ọrụ. Genres nke ọ na-agwa okwu ndị kasị iche iche. Ọzọkwa, e nwere ndị dị otú ahụ n'ọrụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ahụkebe n'ihi na oge. Bach ọrụ nwere ike kere n'ime anọ bụ isi dị iche iche nke genre:

• Organ music.
• Olu na instrumental.
• Music dị iche iche ngwá (violin, na nke ọjà, piano na ndị ọzọ).
• Music maka instrumental ensembles.

Ikwọ nke ọ bụla nke n'elu iche iche na-ezo aka a kpọmkwem oge. Na Weimar ya dere ihe ka ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama ngwa ikwọ. Ketensky oge n'egosi nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke keyboard na orchestral ọrụ. Na Leipzig, na e dere ọtụtụ ụda olu na instrumental.

Johann Sebastian Bach. Biography na-arụ ọrụ

Omumu nke onye dere na 1685 na obere obodo nke Eisenach, na a musical ezinụlọ. N'ihi na ihe niile na ọ bụ a ụdị omenala Ọrụ. The mbụ nkụzi nke music nke Johann bụ nna ya. The nwata nwere a oké olu na-abụ abụ na-ekwe ukwe. Na 9 afọ na ọ bụ nwa mgbei. Mgbe ọnwụ nke nne na nna ya me Iogann Kristof (nwoke nke okenye). Mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, na nwa na-enweghị akwụkwọ na kọleji na ukpono Ordrufsky ma kwaga Lüneburg, ebe ọ malitere ibu na-ekwe ukwe nke "ahọpụta." Afọ 17 ọ na-amụta na-egwu dị iche iche ngwá: Viola, harpsichord, ngwa, violin. Site 1703 ọ na a bi na dị iche iche n'obodo: Arnstadt, Weimar, Mühlhausen. Life na Works nke Bach na oge a jupụtara ụfọdụ nsogbu. Ọ na-agbanwe mgbe nile ebe obibi n'ihi nke ịla azụ eche dabere na ndị ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ na-arụrụ ọrụ. Ọ jere ozi dị ka a na-akụ egwú (dị ka organist ma ọ bụ violin). The arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ nke ya mgbe niile abụghị afọ ojuju. N'oge a na e nwere ya mbụ ikwọ maka piano na ngwa, nakwa dị ka ime mmụọ cantata.

Weimar oge

Ebe ọ bụ na 1708 Bach amalite ije ozi dị ka ogige organist na Weimar Duke. Parallel ọrụ uka ulo-akụ egwú. Life na Works nke Bach na oge a bụ nnọọ na-amị mkpụrụ. Ọ bụ n'oge mbụ compositional ntozu okè. E nwere ndị nke kacha mma ngwa ọrụ. Ha bụ:

• Buteere na Fugue na c-moll, a-moll.
• Toccata C-dur.
• Passacaglia c-moll.
• Toccata na Fugue na d-moll.
• "Organ akwụkwọ."

Johann Sebastian n'out oge na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ na cantata genre nke transcriptions maka harpsichord Italian violin concerts. First mmasị na genre nke solo violin sonatas na oke ime ụlọ.

Ketensky oge

Ebe ọ bụ na 1717, musician biri na Köthen. N'ebe a, o na-ewe a elu-larịị post-n'isi nke ulo music. Ọ na, n'eziokwu, na-ijikwa dum musical ndụ n'obí. Ma, ọ bụghị afọ ojuju na kwa obere obodo. Bach na-agba mbọ ime ka a ibu obodo na ekwe inye ụmụ ha ohere gaa mahadum ma nweta a ezi muta. Na Köthen bụ a àgwà ahụ-efu nakwa n'elu. Ya mere, e na-amalite clavier Bach. Dere na-akwụ ukwuu anya ensemble music. Ọrụ e dere na Köthen:

• Nke 1 "Ọfọn n'obi Clavier".
• English Suite.
• Sonatas maka solo violin.
• French Oke ime ụlọ.
• "Brandenburg Concertos" (isii iberibe).
• "Chromatic Fantasia na Fugue".

Leipzig na n'oge ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya

Ebe ọ bụ na 1723, ndị Maestro bi na Leipzig, ebe ọ na-eduzi-ekwe ukwe (jere ozi dị ka cantor) na akwụkwọ mgbe Church of St. Thomas na Tomasshule. Ọ na-ewe ifịk akụkụ na-elekọta mmadụ gburugburu nke music hụrụ. "College" nke obodo mgbe niile na akwado concerts ego music. Gịnị masterpieces n'oge replenished Bach? Nkenke bara uru pụta ìhè isi ọrụ nke Leipzig oge, nke nwere ike n'ụzọ ziri ezi-atụle ihe kasị mma. Ha bụ:

• "St. John Rihanna".
• Mass h-moll.
• "St. Matthew Rihanna".
• 300 cantatas.
• "Christmas oratorio".

Na-adịbeghị anya, na ndụ nke onye dere na-elekwasị anya egwú. Ọ na-ede:

• Nke 2 "Ọfọn n'obi Clavier".
• Italian concerto.
• Partita.
• "Art nke Fugue."
• Aria na dị iche iche ọdịiche.
• Organ Mass.
• "Musical Ịchụ".

Mgbe otu ọma na ime Bach wee kpuru ìsì, ma ọ dịghị mgbe kwụsịrị ede music ruo ọnwụ ya.

e ji mara style

Style Bach e hiwere na ndabere nke dị iche iche music ụlọ akwụkwọ na Genres. Johann Sebastian organically kpara n'ime ọrụ ha ndị kasị mma harmonies. Iji ghọta ndị egwú asụsụ nke Italian na French-arọ, ọ rewrote ha ikwọ. O kere eke jupụtara lyrics, rhythms na iche-iche nke French na Italian music, na North German contrapuntal style, nakwa dị ka Lutheran efe ofufe adịghị. Njikọ nke a dịgasị iche iche nke ekwekọghị na Genres n'otu jikọtara na a miri emi shrill mmadụ ahụmahụ. Ya musical echiche gbapụrụ pụrụ iche iche, egosipụta na ụfọdụ w. Bach Creativity na-ezo aka a style na-eguzosi ike na nkà nke music. Nke a na elu Baroque classicism. N'ihi Bach egwú style e ji ihe onwunwe nke pụrụ iche melodic usoro, ebe music na-adịkwaghị isi echiche. N'ihi mastery counterpoint art nwere ike emekọ n'out oge ọtụtụ egwu. The German dere bụ ezigbo nna ukwu nke polyphony. O nwere anwugh ọchịchọ ikataihu na amamiihe virtuosity.

Isi Genres

Bach creativity na-agụnye iche iche ot Genres. Ha bụ:

• Cantatas na oratorios.
• Rihanna na Mass.
• Preludes na Fugues.
• Choral nhazi.
• Dance Suite na concerts.

N'ezie, e depụtara Genres o biiri si ya ụzọ. Otú ọ dị, o nyere ha a dum akporo. Maestro aghụghọ emelitere ha na ọhụrụ musical na expressive n'aka, ọ baa ọgaranya atụmatụ nke ndị ọzọ Genres. A atụ kasịnụ bụ "chromatic Fantasia na D obere." Sere kere maka clavier, kama nwere a dị ịrịba ama recitation nke egwuregwu si na expressive Njirimara nke nnukwu ngwa improvisations. Ọ dị mfe iji na-achọpụta na Bach ọrụ "chebere" na opera, nke, na mberede, bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eduga Genres nke oge ya. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-kwuru na ọtụtụ ego cantata dere si siri ike ịmata ihe dị iche site na comedic interludes (n'oge a na Italy na ha na-regenerated na opera buffa). Ụfọdụ n'ime Bach cantatas, kere mmụọ nke witty genre Mpaghara, na-atụ anya na German Singspiel.

The ideological ọdịnaya na nso nke oyiyi Ioganna Sebastyana Bach

onye dere si creativity bụ ọgaranya ya ihe atụ ọdịnaya. Site pen nke onye-nwe-dị ka ihe nnọọ mfe na oké ebube e kere eke. Bach Art nwere mfe ọchị na ukwuu mwute, na nkà ihe ọmụma echiche na nnukwu ịrịba ama. Ọgụgụ Johann Sebastian na ya music owụt dị ịrịba akụkụ nke ya oge, ka a okpukpe nkà ihe ọmụma nsogbu. Site n'enyemaka nke ịtụnanya ụda nke ụwa, ọ na-egosipụta na-adịru ebighị ebi na nnọọ mkpa ajụjụ nke ndụ mmadụ:

• Banyere omume ọrụ nke mmadụ.
• About ọrụ ya na ụwa a na-aga.
• The ọnwụ na ndụ.

Ndị a reflections na-emetụtachaghị okpukpe na-achị. Nke a abụghị ihe ijuanya. Dere fọrọ nke nta ná ndụ ya niile na-eje ozi na chọọchị, otú ọtụtụ ndị music maka ya na dere. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụ onye kwere ekwe, maara Akwụkwọ Nsọ. Ya obere akwukwo e ji dee Bible na asụsụ abụọ (Latin na German). Ọ ẹkenịmde posts nkwupụta, nsọ ụbọchị. A ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ọnwụ ya, o were udo. Isi dike nke onye dere bụ Iisus Hristos. Nke a na ezigbo oyiyi nke Bach hụrụ n'onwe nke kasị mma àgwà nke mmadụ, na-adị ọcha nke uche, na ike nke spirit, iguzosi ike n'ihe na họọrọ ụzọ. Ịchụàjà n'omume nke Jizọs Kraịst maka nzọpụta nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ bụ maka Bach si n'ime ime. Na-arụ ọrụ nke onye dere, isiokwu bụ ihe kasị mkpa.

The atụ nke Bach

Na Baroque oge e a musical atụ. Site na ya na-ekpughe a mgbagwoju na magburu onwe ụwa nke andiwet. Bach si music e aghọta site na ha dịkọrọ ndụ dị ka a uzo ma doo anya na-ekwu okwu. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọnụnọ ya anụ melodic ibe, na-egosipụta ụfọdụ mmetụta uche na echiche. Dị otú ahụ ụda formulas na-akpọ egwú-achọghị ọgụgụ. Ụfọdụ gafere-emetụta ndị ọzọ ṅomiri ihe ndebeolu mmadụ okwu, ndị ọzọ na-eyi ndị iconic agwa. Lee ụfọdụ n'ime ha:

• anabasis - arịgo;
• circulatio - adiana;
• catabasis - ụmụ;
• exclamatio - mkpu, na-ebili isii;
• fuga - na-agba ọsọ;
• passus duriusculus - chromatic N'ezie, mee ihe maka okwu ahụ na-ata ahụhụ ma ọ bụ na-eru uju;
• suspiratio - asụ ude;
• tirata - ọganihu.

Nke nta nke nta musical achọghị ọgụgụ ndị a na ụdị "ihe ịrịba ama" nke ụfọdụ echiche na mmetụta. Ka ihe atụ, nēfedakwasi ọgụgụ catabasis-eji na-ekesa na-eru uju, mwute, iru uju, ọnwụ, ọnọdụ na ili. The nwayọọ nwayọọ elu ije (anabasis) e ji mee ihe maka okwu nke rịgoro, elu mmụọ na ihe ndị ọzọ. Motifs, odide na-hụrụ nile nke onye dere. Na Bach ọrụ adịkwaghị ndị Protestant chorale, nke Maestro kwuru ná ndụ ya nile. Ọ na-nwere ihe atụ pụtara. Arụ ọrụ na chant e rụrụ na a dịgasị iche iche nke Genres - cantatas, Rihanna, preludes. Ya mere, ezi ezi uche, na Protestant chorale bụ ihe akụkụ nke Bach egwú asụsụ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa na-agụ akụkọ dị na music nke artists, ọ ga-kwuru mụ n'ịgwa nke ụda nwere mgbe nile ụkpụrụ. Na Bach ọrụ adịkwaghị akara nke obe. Ọ mejupụtara anọ dị iche iche ntụziaka nke music. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ọ bụrụ na decrypt dere aha (Bach) ndetu, mgbe a graphic osise nke otu. B - Ewepụghị B, A - A, C - na, H - B. A oké onyinye mmepe nke music nke Bach odide nwere na-eme nnyocha dị otú ahụ dị ka F. Busoni, A. Schweitzer, M. Yudin, B. Jaworski na ndị ọzọ.

"Nke abụọ ọmụmụ"

N'oge ndụ nke Sebastian Bach e ji kpọrọ ihe. Na ya dịkọrọ ndụ maara ya ọzọ dị ka ihe organist kama andiwet. On e dere otu oké akwụkwọ. nanị ole na ole e bipụtara nke a ukwuu nke ọrụ ya. Mgbe ọnwụ nke onye dere aha ya anya echefu echefu, na ndụ odide chikọta ájá na-edebe ihe ochie. Ikekwe anyị ga-eme nke ọma na-amaghị nwoke a amamihe. Ma, dabara nke ọma, ọ bụghị ime. Ezi mmasị n'ebe ndị Bach pụtara na narị afọ nke 19. Ozugbo Mendelssohn dị na n'ọbá akwụkwọ nke music, "St Matthew Rihanna", nke o nwere nnọọ mmasị. N'okpuru ya management, ọrụ a nke ọma e rụrụ na Leipzig. Ọtụtụ ntị bụ ndị obi ụtọ na music ka nta mara ede akwụkwọ. Anyị nwere ike sị na nke a bụ nke abụọ ọmụmụ nke Johann Sebastian Bach. Na 1850 (na 100th ncheta nke dere ọnwụ) Bach si Society e hiwere na Leipzig. Nzube nke a nzukọ n'akwụkwọ nke Bach odide hụrụ n'ụdị zuru ezu ọrụ. N'ihi ya, 46 mpịakọta e anakọtara.

Organ Bach. nchịkọta

Organ dere kere ihe ndị magburu onwe ngwaahịa. Nke a na ngwá ọrụ Bach - a ezigbo mmewere. Ebe ọ bụ ike palitere echiche ha, na mmetụta uche, na ime ka ihe nile a na-ege ntị. N'ihi ya mwekota nke edoghi, egwu, na virtuosity, ịrịba ama oyiyi. Ikwọ kere maka ahụ, reminiscent nke fresco sere. All nke ha ọkọnọ ukwuu n'ime nso-acha ọkụ. Buteere, Toccata na efu hụrụ pathetic musical oyiyi na free, improvisational iche-iche. Fougamou pụta ụwa a akpan akpan virtuosity na oké ike mmepe. Organ Bach Site n'ibu elu uri of ya lyrics na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebube improvisations.

N'ụzọ dị iche na clavier ọrụ, ngwa fugues ọtụtụ ibu na akporo na ọdịnaya. The ije nke musical image na ya mmepe-ebe na-amụba ọrụ. The nkenye ọnọdụ nke ihe ọkọnọ n'ụdị n'ígwé nke nnukwu n'ígwé nke music, ma a pụrụ iche pụrụ iche ọdịdị na e nweghị izu. Kama nke ahụ, na-adịkwaghị continuity (na-aga n'ihu ije). Ọ bụla okwu na-ewepụtara na aga na-amụba voltaji. Dị nnọọ wuru na ẹkenemede. Obi-emecha-ebili ka kasị elu mgbe na-enwekwukwa. Bach bụ nke mbụ dere onye pụtara ìhè n'ihu iwu symphonic mmepe na isi iche nke instrumental polyphonic music. Organ Bach dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na dara abụọ okporo osisi ya. The mbụ - a prelude, toccata, fugue, fantasy (nnukwu music okirikiri). The abụọ - otu-akụkụ chorale preludes. Ha na-e dere isi na okwu nke ụlọ. Ha na-ekpughe predominantly in-a me ihe oyiyi: chiri anya, mwute na sublimely contemplative. The kacha mma ọrụ maka ngwa Ioganna Sebastyana Bach - Toccata na Fugue bụ na D obere, buteere na Fugue na A obere, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ọrụ.

Na-arụ ọrụ maka Harpsichord

Mgbe ede songs Bach dabeere na ahụmahụ nke ha ụzọ. Ma n'ebe a, o gosiri na ya na-abụ innovator. Clavier Bach e ji ọnụ ọgụgụ, ahụkebe egosipụta, na search maka n'aka okwu. Ọ na mbụ chere na-arọ nke egosipụta nke ngwá ọrụ a. Na ide ọrụ ya, ọ bụghị egwu na-enwe ịchọpụta ma mejuputa ndị kasị oké ọchịchọ echiche na oru ngo. Mgbe ede e eduzi ụwa nile music. Ya ekele nka n'aka Clavier ukwuu enwekwukwa. Ọ enriches ọhụrụ ngwá virtuoso Usoro na ịgbanwe ọdịdị zuru oke nke musical oyiyi.

N'etiti ọrụ ya maka ngwa ẹkenemede:

• Two-olu na atọ akụkụ mepụtara.
• "English" na "French" ụlọ.
• "Chromatic Fantasia na Fugue".
• "Ọfọn n'obi Clavier".

N'ihi ya, Bach ọrụ masịrị ya n'ike. Onye dere na-a maara n'ụwa nile. Ọrụ ya ime ka anyị na-eche ma na-egosipụta. Ige ya songs, involuntarily mikpuru na ha, na-atụgharị uche na ezigbo uru, ha kpatara. Genres, nke Maestro kwara ná ndụ ya nile, dị nnọọ iche iche. Nke a ngwa music, olu na instrumental music ihe dị iche iche ngwá (violin, na nke ọjà, piano na ndị ọzọ) na maka instrumental ensembles.