Mikhail Zoshchenko: ndụ, creativity. Akụkọ maka ụmụaka

Zoshchenko Mikhail Mikhailovich, ama Russian edemede na-ede egwuregwu, a mụrụ na 1894, July 29 (dị ka ụfọdụ ndị si, na 1895), St. Petersburg. Ya na Nna ya bụ onye na-ejegharị ejegharị na-ese ya, na nne - ihe omee. Mbụ anyị ga-ekwu okwu banyere otú e ndụ nke a so dee, Mikhail Zoshchenko. Biography nyere n'okpuru na-akọwa na isi ihe nke ndụ ya. Ekwu okwu banyere ha, anyị na-atụgharị nkọwa nke Mikhail Mikhailovich.

Education na na-emega ahụ na na St. Petersburg Institute

Ndị nne na nna na 1903, nyere nwa-ya nwoke na-amụ na St. Petersburg akwụkwọ nọmba 8. Michael Zoshchenko, onye biography nwere ike ịmepụtagharịa tinyere na ndabere nke ya onwe ya na-echeta na ọrụ, na-agwa banyere afọ ndị ahụ, kwuru na ọ na-amụta nnọọ njọ, karịsịa na Russian asụsụ. Na-ede udomo oro, ọ na-otu. Otú ọ dị, Mikhail na-ekwu na ọbụna n'oge ahụ chọrọ ịbụ onye edemede. Ma nanị maka onwe ya na-eke Mikhail Zoshchenko akụkọ na poems.

Life mgbe ụfọdụ paradoxical. Malitere ide na afọ itoolu, ọdịnihu ama edemede - kasị laggard na klas na-amụrụ nke Russian asụsụ! Underachievement o yiri iju ya. Zoschenko Mihail Mihaylovich na-ekwu na n'oge a chọrọ ọbụna igbu onwe ya. Otú ọ dị, akara aka nke ọ na-echekwara.

Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1913, ọdịnihu dere wee na-amụ na St. Petersburg University, Faculty of Iwu. Mgbe a afọ nke na-abụghị ugwo nkuzi ụgwọ, a chụpụrụ ya n'ebe ahụ. Zoshchenko na-aga ọrụ. Ọ malitere ọrụ na Kọkeshịan ụgbọ okporo ígwè ụzọ nlekọta.

n'oge agha

Eme ndụ etre site First World War. Michael kpebiri Nweta ndị agha. First ọ ghọrọ kadet kpọọrọ gaa Pavlovsk Military School, mgbe gụsịrị akwụkwọ a ọnwa anọ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ọmụmụ, gara n'ihu.

Zoshchenko kwuru na ọ na-adịghị ịhụ mba n'anya mmetụta, ọ dị nnọọ ike na-anọdụ ogologo na otu ebe. Na ọrụ, Otú ọ dị, Mikhail gbatara. Ọ bụ a soò na n'ọtụtụ agha, ọ na-gassed, nke merụrụ ahụ. Malitere iso na-akpata ịlụ ọgụ na n'usoro nke ensign, Zoshchenko ama isi e asuan na idobere (ihe mere - mmetụta nke gas nsi). Ke adianade do, ọ na-e ọdịda na 4 Ọla maka Military Enen.

Laghachi Petrograd

Mikhail, laghachiri Petrograd, zutere na VV-Kerbits Kerbitskoy, ọdịnihu ya na nwunye. Mgbe February mgbanwe Zoshchenko họpụtara isi nke teligraf na mail, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ọchịagha nke Main Post Office. Next bụ a njem Arkhangelsk, ọrụ osote brigeedi, nakwa dị ka ntuli aka nke Mikhail Mikhailovich odeakwụkwọ regimental n'ụlọikpe.

The ọrụ ke Red Army

Otú ọ dị, udo ndụ na-etre ọzọ - oge nke a site na mgbanwe na ndị sochirinụ agha obodo. Mikhail Mikhailovich zigara n'ihu. Dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo, ọ banyere Red Army (na January 1919). Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka a regimental osote nke ndi agha nke ime obodo ogbenye. Zoshchenko abuana ke agha nke Narva megide Yamburg na Bulak-Balakhovich. Mgbe a nkụchi obi, Mikhail Mikhailovich nwere demobilize ma laghachi Petrograd.

Zoshchenko na oge site na 1918 ruo 1921 dochie a ìgwè na-eme. Mgbe e mesịrị, o dere na ọ nwara aka ya na banyere 10-12 trades. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ a uwe ojii, na ọkwá nkà, na shoemaker, na gị n'ụlọnga nke Criminal Nchọpụta Department.

Life na udo afọ

Writer na January 1920, na-adị ndụ na ọnwụ nke nne ya. N'otu afọ alụmdi na nwunye ya na-agụnye Kerbits-Kerbitskoy. Na ya, ọ na-akpali n'okporo ámá. B. Zelenin. The ezinụlọ Zoschenko nwa Valery A mụrụ May 1922. Mikhail Mikhailovich na 1930 seconded ọnụ na a otu nke ndị so dee na Baltic ano.

N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ

Mikhail Zoshchenko na mmalite nke agha dere a na nkwupụta nke ọ jụrụ idebanye aha ya na Red Army. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-agọ - ọ na-ghọtara dị ka a ghakwara ịnọ na agha. Zoshchenko nwere na-ebu ihe mgbochi-onye fasizim eme adịghị n'ọgbọ agha. Ọ na-emepụta ihe mgbochi-agha satirical isiokwu na-ebipụta ha na akwụkwọ akụkọ, na-eziga na Radio. Na 1941, na October, ọ kpọpụrụ na Alma-Ata, na a ọnwa gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye na-arụ nke "Mosfilm", na-arụ ọrụ na studio dịruru ná njọ ngalaba.

mkpagbu

Zoshchenko na 1943 kpọrọ Moscow. Ọ churu na-ọnọdụ nke "agụ iyi" nchịkọta akụkọ. Otú ọ dị, Mikhail jụ enye. O sina dị, ọ bụ ya bụ onye so na isiokwu osisi nke "agụ iyi". Atugharị, ihe niile anya nke ọma. Ma mgbe a ka n'elu isi Mikhail amalite esiwanye thicken n'ígwé ojii: ọ na-ewepụ si isiokwu osisi, a na-achụpụ hotels, na-efunahụ nke eketa ihe oriri. Ịga n'ihu mkpagbu. Tikhonov N. S. na SSP plenum ọbụna awakpo Zoshchenko akụkọ "Tupu Ọwụwa." Writer fọrọ bụghị ibipụta, ma ka ẹkenam ke 1946 site na isiokwu osisi nke "kpakpando."

August 14, 1946 - na apotheosis ya nile twists na ibe. Ọ na-ahụ doo mkpebi nke Central Committee nke CPSU (b) nke magazin "Leningrad" na "Star". Mgbe ahụ Zoshchenko achụpụ Dere 'Union, nakwa dị ka ihe na-efunahụ nri kaadị. N'oge a na-akpata n'ihi na ọgụ bụ nnọọ ntakịrị - a ụmụ akụkọ Zoshchenko akpọ "The Adventures nke a ka enwe." All magazin, ebipụta ụlọ na-eme ihe nkiri mgbe iwu na-akagbu nkwekọrịta kwubiri site na ha na mbụ, na-achọ ka ịlaghachi ọganihu ugwo. Family Zoschenko ọdachi. Ọ na-amanye na-ebi na rere onwe onye nwere ego. Onye dere anwa ime ka òtù shoemakers. Kenyere kaadị o mechara laghachi. Ke adianade do, Michael Zoshchenko ebipụta akụkọ na satires (-bụghị niile). Otú ọ dị, iji mee ka ndụ n'oge a dị mkpa na isi ọrụ nsụgharị.

Mikhail Zoshchenko ejisie okûnam naanị na Dere 'Union mgbe Stalin ọnwụ. A ịrịba omume emee June 23, 1953 - onye dere re-kwetara na Union. Otú ọ dị, nke a abụghị ọgwụgwụ. Mikhail Mikhailovich nkenke n'ọnọdu a na-anọ a so.

May 5, 1954 bụ a fateful omume. Anna Akhmatova, na a kpọrọ ya a ụbọchị na House nke onye dere ya, nke e kwesịrị nwere a nzukọ na a ìgwè nke English ụmụ akwụkwọ. Writer na ya kwuru, sị n'ihu ọha ha ekwekọrịtaghị ebubo ulo oru megide ya. A ọhụrụ na ogbo nke na iyi egwu-abịa mgbe a. All ndị a nsogbu nwere emetụta ya na-akawanye ike. Bipụtara September 7, 1953 isiokwu bụ "The eziokwu na-ekpughe eziokwu" bụ ihe ikpeazụ ahịhịa. onye dere aha ahụ adịghị aba kwuru. Banyere ọnwa abụọ ya kere nchefu. Otú ọ dị, Mikhail Mikhailovich na November enye imekọ ihe ọnụ abụọ magazin - "Leningrad Almanac" na "agụ iyi". A Ìgwè nke dere adahade agbachitere ya: Chukovsky, Kaverin, Anyanwụ dị Ivanov, Tikhonov. Na 1957, na December, ọ hapụrụ "họrọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ 1923-1956 gg.". Otú ọ dị, anụ ahụ na nke uche ala nke onye so dee na-na-aka njọ. A nkọ iju ke ya ike na-aga na mmiri 1958 Zoshchenko tụfuru mmasị ná ndụ.

ọnwụ Zoschenko

July 22, 1958 nwụrụ Mikhail Zoshchenko. Ọbụna mgbe ọnwụ aru-ya doro ihere: ọ bụghị nyere ikike lie ya na Leningrad. Ntụ nke onye dere idu ke Sestroretsk.

Mikhail Zoshchenko akụkọ onye ndụ ya ga-ebibi akụkụ mbụ nke isiokwu a, ekpe a nnukwu ihe nketa. Ụzọ ya dị ka onye edemede bụ adịghị mfe. Anyị na-enye aka matakwuo na otú ghọrọ usoro ya kee ihe a kara aka. Ke adianade do, ị ga-amụta ihe mere Michael Zoshchenko akụkọ maka ụmụaka na ihe dị àgwà ha.

okike ụzọ

Zoshchenko ifịk ifịk malitere ekewetde mgbe ọ demobilized na 1919. Ya mbụ nwere ndị edemede na-akatọ isiokwu. The "Petersburg Almanac" ya mbụ akụkọ na-egosi na 1921.

Serapion ụmụnna

The otu na-akpọ "Serapion Brothers" Zoshchenko mere na 1921 ọchịchọ ịghọ a ọkachamara dere. Otu a nke akọ àgwà nke nnyocha, Otú ọ dị, o kwuru na n'etiti ha Zoshchenko - "ike kacha ike" ọnụ ọgụgụ. Mikhail Slonimsky-eje ozi na Central nta, nke a na-agbaso nkwenkwe kwesịrị ịmụta si Russian omenala - Lermontov, Gogol, Pushkin. Zoshchenko na-atụ egwu na e ji amụ "nējide onwe-mweghachi," na-ekwu Alexander Blok "Knight nke mwute iru" ma dọba ya na-enwe olileanya na akwụkwọ na-enwe ndị siri pathos. In "Alcon" na May 1922, wee akpa Almanac Serapions, bụ nke e bipụtara a akụkọ site Mikhail Mikhailovich. A "Stories Nazar Ilyich, Mr. Bluebelly" - a akwụkwọ na ghọrọ ya mbụ onwe mbipụta.

Njirimara n'oge creativity

School A. P. Chehova bụ palpable ná mmalite ọrụ nke Zoshchenko. Nke a, ka ihe atụ, akụkọ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka "Fish nwanyi", "Agha", "Ịhụnanya" na ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-adịghị anya jụrụ ya. Zoshchenko atụle ekwekọghị mkpa nke oge a na-agụ a oké ụdị Chekhov si akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi. Ọ chọrọ igwu egwu na asụsụ "syntax n'okporo ámá ... ndị mmadụ." Zoshchenko atụle onwe m onye-anọ nwa oge-anọchi nke proletarian dere.

A nnukwu ìgwè ndị so dee na 1927 kere a mkpokọta nkwupụta. Na ọhụrụ ya edemede na aesthetic ọnọdụ pụta ìhè. Zoshchenko bụ n'etiti ndị na-bịanye aka na ya. Ọ bipụtara n'oge a na periodicals (tumadi na satirical magazine "laughers", "Hippo", "freak," "Buzoter", "Amanita", "soja General" na ndị ọzọ.). Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ihe niile wee were were. N'ihi na nke obere akụkọ "The wetara akụkọ" M.Zoshchenko kwuru "ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emerụ" bukọọrọ na June 1927 nke magazin "Hippo" nọmba. Nke nta nke nta na ọ rụrụ liquidation nke ụdị akwụkwọ. Na Leningrad na 1930 e mechiri na "soja", nke ikpeazụ a satirical magazine. Otú ọ dị, Mikhail nyeghị elu na-ekpebi na-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ.

Abụọ n'akụkụ ndị ama ama

Si magazine "agụ iyi" o collaborates kemgbe 1932. N'oge a, Mikhail Zoshchenko achịkọta ihe n'ihi na ya akwụkwọ akpọ "The Laghachi ntorobịa,", nakwa dị ka na-amụ akwụkwọ nkà mmụta ọgwụ, psychoanalysis na physiology. Ọrụ ya na-ama a maara nke ọma, ọbụna na West. Otú ọ dị, na ama nke a bụ a downside. Na Germany na 1933, Zoshchenko akwụkwọ kpughere dị na Hitler ihu ọha Blacklist autos.

ọhụrụ ọrụ

Na USSR, n'otu oge ya na-ebipụta ma na-etinye na ogbo ntochi Michael Zoshchenko "Cultural Heritage". "Blue Book", otu n'ime ndị kasị ama nke ya akwụkwọ, bipụtara malite na 1934. Ke adianade akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi ma na-arụ Zoshchenko dekwara satires na akụkọ ihe mere akwụkwọ akụkọ ( "Taras Shevchenko", "Kerensky", "Ntaramahụhụ," "Black Prince", wdg). Ke adianade do, ọ na-emepụta akụkọ maka ụmụaka ( "Smart Animals", "nne m ochie Onyinye", "Christmas osisi", wdg).

Ụmụaka akụkọ Zoshchenko

Mikhail Zoshchenko e dere ọtụtụ ụmụ akụkọ. Ha e bipụtara na oge site na 1937 ruo 1945. N'ime ndị a, ụfọdụ ndị na onye ọrụ, ebe ndị ọzọ na-n'otu cycles. Cycle "Lola na Minka" arụ kasị ukwuu ewu ewu.

Na 1939 - 1940. Mikhail Zoshchenko kere usoro nke ọrụ. Ya Ọdịdị na-agbaso akụkọ gụnyere: "Golden okwu," "oké njem", "Chọta", "afọ iri atọ," "Unu na-edina", "galoshes na ice ude," "nne m ochie n'oge Onyinye", "Christmas osisi". Ọ bụghị site ohere dịrị n'otu ha na-alụbeghị di okirikiri, Mikhail Zoshchenko. An abridged version ndị a na ngwaahịa na-eduga ná nkwubi okwu bụ na ha nwere ihe jikọrọ, ya bụ na ihe oyiyi na-agụ akụkọ. Ọ bụ a obere Minka na Lola, nwanne ya nwaanyị.

akụkọ bụ si narrator ihu. Oyiyi-ya bụ ọ na-erughị na-akpali karịa dike nke akụkọ Mihaila Zoschenko. Nke a bụ ihe okenye ndị na-echeta na-akụzi ihe na-atọ ọchị ji ya na nwata. Rịba ama na n'etiti na-ede akwụkwọ na narrator nwere myirịta (ọbụna aha bụ otu ihe ahụ, na e nwere ihe na-egosi ndị dere ha bụ ọrụ). Ruo mgbe a zuru ezu ukem ini o adịghị eru. na narrator ọ bụ dị nnọọ iche na-ede akwụkwọ. Nke a na ụdị a na-akpọ a edemede akụkọ ifo. Ọ bụ karịsịa mkpa na akwụkwọ nke Soviet Union 20-30-ies. N'oge a, dum omenala dị iche propensity maka stylistic na asụsụ experimentation.

Na ndị a akụkọ, dị ka e kwuru site S. Ya. Marshak, akwụkwọ ọ bụghị nanị na odịbe omume ọma. Ọ na-ekwu nke ya niile eme ihe n'eziokwu na ederede, na mgbe ụfọdụ na aha nke ọrụ ( "Ekwela edina"). Otú ọ dị, akụkọ a ọ dịghị abụ didactic. Ha na-azọpụta ọchị, mgbe nile na-atụghị anya, na karịsịa oké njọ, pụta ụwa Zoshchenko. Na obi nke na-atụghị anya ọchị nke Mikhail Mikhailovich bụ a witty parody.

Taa ndị kasị ewu ewu na-ọtụtụ ọrụ e dere site Mikhail Zoshchenko. Ya akwụkwọ na-na ụlọ akwụkwọ, ha na-hụrụ n'anya site ụmụaka na ndị okenye. The ụzọ ya akwụkwọ ahụ adịghị mfe, dị ka, n'ezie, na akara aka nke ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ede akwụkwọ na-ede abụ uri nke Soviet oge. Twentieth Century - a siri ike oge akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma, ọbụna n'oge agha afọ na e nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị na-na-ochie nke Russian akwụkwọ. Biography nke oké dere Mikhail Zoshchenko, a nchịkọta nke olileanya anyị, mee ka ị mmasị na ọrụ ya.