Mmepụta nke acetylene

-Nnọọ ọtụtụ ndị amaghị na okwu - acetylene - jikọrọ echiche nke "mmanya". Ma eziokwu na acetylene taa - ọ bụ naanị umi na ike ọkụ mgbe ikuku enweghị ohere, na nke na ọtụtụ-eji ụlọ ọrụ, maara bụghị onye ọ bụla. Acetylene ize ndụ nsogbu bụkwa ndị dị otú ahụ a eziokwu na ihe atụ, ya ọkụ na-arụpụta ire ọkụ acid okpomọkụ ka 3100 Celsius C.

N'ihi na oge mbụ na mmepụta nke acetylene e rụrụ Edmundom Devi na anya 1836. Devi arụ ọrụ na ot carbide potassium okenye ihe ngwọta mere mmeghachi omume akụkụ nke ike-e dere dị ka: k2c2 = C2H2 + 2H2O + 2KOH. N'ihi ya, a gas, onye usoro bụ C2H2 na ebe ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nyere aha dvuuglerodisty hydrogen.

Na nchọpụta nke ozizi nke radicals Justus Liebig otu n'ime iche iche nke atọm (radicals) na aha ya bụ acetyl Otú ọ dị, ọ na-atụle a compound nke usoro S2N3. Umi bụ otu, nke bụ Devi, e weere site chemists dị ka a emepụta nke acetyl. Mgbe ahụ, mgbe mmepụta nke acetylene e rụrụ site France Marselenom Berthelot na ọtụtụ ụzọ, na umi nwetara aha ya, nke na-eji na onwu, rue ta. Berthelot-ewere dị ka a molekul dapụtara compound acetyl, nke e weere a hydrogen atọm. Nkà na ụzụ, na njikere nke acetylene Berthelot-anọchite anya ndị ọzọ usoro. Ọ Agbaghara ụzọ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ alcohols - methyl na ethyl - bụkwa site na a kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ anwụrụ ka a elu okpomọkụ.

Dịtụ e mesịrị, na 1862, acetylene e synthesized site electrochemical mmeghachi omume, n'oge nke hydrogen a gabiga n'etiti electrodes mere nke carbon. Teknụzụ ndị a na-na oge ndị dị nnọọ oké ọnụ ma na adighi ike, ya mere nwere ike na-ahuta ka a usoro iwu ihe ngwọta nke nsogbu. Naanị na nnọọ ọgwụgwụ nke narị afọ tupu ikpeazụ echepụta a usoro na-ekwe ka a ọzọ echekwa mmepụta nke acetylene. Nke a na usoro dabeere na mgbanye nke a ngwakọta esịnede ngwa lime na coal. Nke a ga-eduga na ojiji nke compound ka a gas maka n'okporo ámá ọkụ. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na gas nke nwere ya mejupụtara banyere 92,3% nke carbon, na a elu okpomọkụ excrete buru ibu nke a umi dị ka a siri ike. Na ha na-enye a pụtara ìhè. Na nke a na combustion okpomọkụ na-ekpebi bụghị naanị ihie combustion, ma ya na agba. The elu okpomọkụ - karịsịa onetime luminescence agba bụ carbon ahụ. Pụtara ọkụ, jupụta acetylene nwere ike inye ìhè dị iri na ise ugboro karịa nkịtị mgbe gas ọkụ. Ọbụna mgbe ha na-anọchi electric ọkụ, na-eji acetylene ọkụ wee na- ígwè oriọna na omnibuses.

Dị ka mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ, na niile chọrọ buru ibu nke ndị dị otú ahụ ogige dị ka acetylene. Inweta ya na ihe ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ malitere naanị na narị afọ gara aga. Dị ka a n'ihi ihe ndị a "itunanya", njikọ malitere ga-eji maka oru nzube. N'ihi na ewu nzube acetylene carbide nwetara site quenching na mmiri. Ngwaahịa a mara maka ya dị nnọọ ọtụtụ wetara isi n'ihi adịghị ẹdude ke enye of amonia na hydrogen sulfide. N'eziokwu, na ya dị ọcha umi nwere a weakly akpọ ethereal ísì ụtọ. Ọ bụ Mkpa ọkụ ka ikuku, molekụla arọ nke acetylene bụ 26,038. Gas bụ colorless, bụ ngwa ngwa soluble na ọtụtụ mmiri mmiri agbanwe agbanwe, solubility kpebisiri ike site okpomọkụ nke ihe ngwọta.

Ugbu teknụzụ-enye maka inweta acetylene si methane site elektrokrekinga - a usoro nke electrode mbụ gafere methane gas na okpomọkụ agaghị ala karịa 1600 Celsius C. Mgbe ahụ, iji gbochie decomposition nke acetylene gas na-doro ngwa ngwa jụrụ. Nke a na usoro dị irè na na a akụkụ nke okpomọkụ nwetara site combustion nke a umi nwere ike sogide kpo oku esote mmeghachi omume okirikiri, na-enye continuity nke ya N'ezie.

Acetylene na ọtụtụ-eji ịgbado ọkụ na ịcha ọla, iji nweta a nnọọ na-egbuke egbuke na-acha ọcha na ìhè, n'ihi na mmepụta nke na-agbawa agbawa ihe.