Moscow: okike. Dịgasị iche iche, atụmatụ na-adọrọ mmasị

The Moscow region emi odude ke center nke East European Valley. Na na n'etiti ya bụ Moscow, na ọdịdị nke bụ attributable bụ isi na ya na ọnọdụ na ọ bụghị ọtụtụ dị iche iche si ọdịdị nke ala ịta ahịhịa na dum mpaghara.

Obodo ebe

Iji n'ebe ugwu nke Russian isi obodo na-kpuo Upper Volga di ala ala, na n'ebe ndịda na-edina ugwu nta nke Smolensk-Moscow Upland. Na ebe e nwere ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri na osimiri, nke sitere tumadi na Klin-Dmitrov Ridge (North-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Smolensk-Moscow Upland), nke bụ a Watershed, na-aga ma n'ime Volga, ma ọ bụ na Oka. The Moskva-Oka larịị na a so na ya Teplostanskoy Upland enyene n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Moscow mpaghara. On ugwu a bụ kasị elu mgbe (253 mita), nke na-etu ọnụ a kpọmkwem Moscow onwe ya. Nature gburugburu isi obodo kpebisiri ike na-adọ mmiri ala ala Mescherskaya, na-abata si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nkpirikpi kpụrụ Klyazma na Moskva osimiri. Zaokskaya larịị emechi ebe site n'ebe ndịda.

The ihu nke osimiri, ọdọ mmiri, oké ọhịa ...

Plain larịị, ugwu, osimiri, nke dị n'ógbè e nwere banyere 2000 iberibe, ihe niile a na-ekpebi ọnụnọ nke a ụfọdụ idụhe, ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi na ya mara na Moscow region na Moscow onwe ya. Ọdịdị nke isi obodo na gbara ya gburugburu na mpaghara, n'ụzọ mara mma, ọ bụ ezie na-arụsi ọrụ ike anthropogenic mmetụta (nnọọ ụdị ọ bụla nke mmadụ ọrụ na mmekọrita uwa). Relict oak na coniferous ọhịa na-ekpuchi 40% nke dum ebe, ebe-ita-nri ọhịa kpuchie 42% (2168 ha) ebe. Meadows, ubi, na-eji nwayọọ na-eru osimiri, bogs (kwadoro naanị ọdịda) ma na-echebe ndagwurugwu - ya mere anya dị ka ọdịdị nke Moscow na mpaghara.

ọhịa

Iji zọpụta ndị niile na ịma mma nke okike, onye na-na, n'eziokwu, ihe kacha mkpa onye iro, na-agbalị ime m kasị mma. Ọ na-emepụta na-echebe aku na uba, ndị dị ka "Zavidovo", ma ọ bụ n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka "Munsu Island", nke na-agụnye ogologo Oka Biosphere Reserve. Na ala ịta ahịhịa, ọtụtụ ndị na nke abụọ ọhịa, toro na saịtị na-egbu osisi na ubi. Ha si dị iche na isi na oke ohia na-mfe na Ọdịdị na nnukwu adịghị birch na Aspen. Na Moscow onwe ya, kwa, 40% nke obodo kpuchie oké ọhịa, otu nke 21% na ihe ji pine ọhịa (Serebryany Bor, na nke ókèala e nwere pine osisi noo ruo 170 afọ). Spruce ọhịa, dị nnọọ mwute na mmetọ, ọ nọgidere nnọọ obere - na 2%. On Losiny Ostrov e nwere ndị ka ihe nke afọ ruo 130 afọ. Moscow deciduous ọhịa na-ekesa site na ụdị dị ka ndị a: - 10% oak (Izmailovskiy park), Basswood -18% birch enyene 39 ebe%, Aspen - 4%.

Ụdị kụrụ ọhịa nke Moscow na mpaghara

Karịsịa ọdịdị nke Moscow n'ihi na eziokwu na ọ na, dị ka ndị ọzọ nke obodo, na-na confluence nke ọhịa-steppe na ọhịa zones. Nke ahụ bụ, na mpaghara a bụ nnọọ green. North na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ebe ji site n'etiti-spruce na pine ọhịa. Meshcherskaya di ala ala na-akpali akpali akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ebe kpuchie pine apịtị n'usoro na-adọ mmiri ala ala na-alder osisi. Center nke mba na bụ na ọ Moscow, ọdịdị nke nke bụ ọgaranya n'ebe ndịda apịtị coniferous-deciduous ọhịa, replete na firs na pines, birches na aspens, na eze na ndị dị n'okpuru nke hazel. Kwupụta ndịda - n'ógbè nke sara mbara-leaved oak, na mgbakwunye na nke e nwere holly na maple, na elm na Linden. Na na ebe nke mgbanwe mpaghara (site steppe na steppe) na Moscow-Oka ugwu ka hụrụ akuku spruce, ihe atụ, na elu Lopasnya River. Ma nso n'ebe ndịda bụ esiwanye gafee oké ọhịa, steppe-dị ka akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ agwaetiti n'etiti mbara ọzara, akpu ọhịa, ash na maple osisi. The oké n'ebe ndịda nke ebe bụ oké ọhịa mejupụtara steppe, nke a na-fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam akọ na chekwaghị ke akpasarade ụdị, ọbụna fragmentary.

mgbazi nke njehie

Ọ dị mkpa iburu eziokwu na na oge anyị bụ ifịk reforestation. Na ọ na-egosi na onye na-atụgharị agwa, na-enye naanị n'ji àgwà. On Shaturskie Lukhovitsky na swamps emi odude ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo, na-esiwanye malitere izute newcomers n'etiti nwa afọ osisi.

Mma agaghị egbu

The n'elu-e kwuru mmadụ na-eme na-agụnye mmepe obodo nke ókèala, ìgwè a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị bi na, na nnweta na-aga n'ihu na-ewu nke okporo ụzọ na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, hydrography mgbanwe ebe (osimiri alterations, ntoputa nke ọhụrụ ọdọ, wdg), a anana-ibat ọtụtụ outbuildings, ihe nile nke na ọ ga-esonyere ndị kasị ibu obodo ukwu, bụ isi obodo nke nnukwu ala. Ma, ọdịdị nke Moscow na Moscow region ghọgburu ozugbo Yuriya Dolgorukogo, na n'oge oké mma na iche iche.

Ụba nke fauna

N'agbanyeghị na-agbawa obi mmadụ ihe, fọdu, ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ndị na-anọchite anya nke anụmanụ ụwa. N'ime obodo gburugburu Moscow na-ebi ndụ 60-70 ụdị mammals. E wezụga ha, e nwere ndị hụrụ nākpu akpu (6), amphibians (7), azu (40). Na otú ọtụtụ nnụnụ ebe a! Nke 120 umu bi na ala ịta ahịhịa, 29 banye n'ime n'ime Central ebe nke obodo. Na na ebe, e nwere ihe karịrị 200 ụdị bi ebe a na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ na e nwere nnụnụ na-adịru. Ụmụ ahụhụ na-na-a nnukwu ego - 135 ụdị butterflies, 300 (onye-iri nke anu) ụdị aṅụ. Ọzọkwa, e na-hụrụ na ụkpara (8), igurube (23), n'ala ébé, chinchi, ahuhu dragon, ndanda, ijiji ọkọnọ ọnụ 50th umu. 9 Ha wee banye n'ime Red Book - 4 ụdị blues, na 5 ụdị ndanda. Ịdị ọcha nke mmiri na Moscow-ekwu na e nwere ọtụtụ bi na nke turtles dị iche iche ebe nke obodo. The Red Book debara aha iri na abụọ dị iche iche nke ụmụ anụmanụ ibi n'ime Moscow mpaghara.

Wildlife di iche iche Moscow

Apịtị ụdị anụmanụ, nke dị nnọọ nkịtị na ubi, ọkọnọ bekee na-efe efe squirrels. Kacha nkịtị nnụnụ na-grouse, capercaillie, bullfinch, nakwa dị ka willow tit, crossbill-Elovikov, na Redwing nnunnu ojii-ryabinovik. The iche iche nke uwa na Moscow na-anọchi anya ndị dị otú ahụ ụdị nnukwu ụmụ anụmanụ dị na deciduous ọhịa, Roe mgbada, na anụ boar, ahụrụ mgbada na pine marten, mink na polecat. N'ebe dị nso n'ebe nnukwu obodo ndụ Sony na tawny ikwiikwii. Gịnị mere ndị a na ụdị na-ezo na mmekọrita ọ bụghị nanị na mpaghara, ma Moscow n'onwe ya? N'ihi na otu n'ime ndị mbụ n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba na Russia - "Munsu" agwaetiti ", ebe fọrọ nke nta niile nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a na-ebi ndụ, na-emi odude na n'ókèala Moscow, n'ime obodo ókè.

nwa afọ agwa

A ọnọdụ continental idụhe nke Moscow, ke akpanikọ, ntughari si adụ na nkọ continental European Asian. Na nkenke, na ihu igwe nke Moscow bụ nnọọ ala - a dịtụ nwayọọ na oyi na dịtụ iru mmiri summers. Gọziri ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke Russian ochie, ụmụ afọ na gburugburu ebe obibi nke Moscow nso na hụrụ n'anya ọ bụla Russian, ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na ịhụnanya ya na-abịa mmadụ na nne-ya mmiri ara ehi, kama n'ihi na ọ bụ n'ezie ihe ijuanya mma. Ọ bụ iji hụ na retrospective nke eserese Russian nka na dị ọtụtụ ebe iji hụ na ihe ndị a abụghị okwu efu. Family na iyi polenovskie "Moscow Yard" na "nne nne Garden", obi ụtọ Pimenovsky "New Moscow", ma obi m aches si ọtụtụ narị ihe osise nke na mpaghara nka, e sere ọdịdị nke ala ha ala. Moscow - nwaafo Russian obodo, emi odude ke esịt nke European akụkụ nke Russia, na Ya mere ọdịdị nke Moscow na-anọchite anya Russia, ọ bụ ezie na ọdịdị nke buru ibu mba otu n'ime ụfọdụ akụkụ nke ngosi siri ike.

Natural nkiri na Moscow

Na Moscow na Moscow region a ọtụtụ nke eke na-adọrọ mmasị. A na-agụnye, mbụ, "Serebryany Bor" na "Munsu Island". ma "Black Lake" na "Botanical Garden Vilar" nwere ike na-akpọ site na otu nnukwu ndepụta. Nti ihe bụ "Valley nke Ọmụmụ Kraịst na Mitino ọwa mmiri" na "Natural Reserve Krylatskiye ugwu nta nile." Nakwa dị ka "Biruliovsky arboretum" na "Big Vostryukovsky ọdọ mmiri" na a iri na abuo eke nkiri, na-eleta nke i nwere ike inwe ụfọdụ echiche nke ọdịdị nke Moscow na Moscow mpaghara.