"Moskva" agha ugbo agha. Nche agha ugbo agha "Moskva" - na flagship nke Black Sea Fleet

Kemgbe oge ochie, ọ na-a na omenala, nke mere na ya nsoro nwere Wezuga ike ma ọgaranya ala. Nke a karịsịa emetụta warships, nke na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile na-eri nnọọ oké ọnụ. Taa, okwu a bụ nnọọ eziokwu. Ụgbọ - nnọọ ọnụ ụgbọala, ya mere, inwe a nsoro incredibly emesi mba ugwu nke ala, nke nwere ya.

N'agbanyeghị lee njem nke 1990s, mba anyị jisiri na-ya agha mmiri. Iji ụbọchị, ọ nwayọọ nwayọọ na-amụba na modernized. N'ụzọ dị mwute, usoro na-adịghị ewe, na n'ihi na ụgbọ mmiri ndị na-etinye n'ime ọrụ dị ka n'oge dị ikpeazụ afọ nke USSR, ka idowe nnukwu uru. Otu ihe atụ nke a -. "Moscow" Agha ugbo agha na aha a ka na-na-anọchi anya a egwu ike na ịdị obosara nke oké osimiri nile.

isi ozi

Ya ohere ikwu okwu ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ a aha otutu na e nyere ya ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri - "ụgbọelu ụgbọelu na-egbu". Ọ bụghị naanị na flagship nke dum Black Sea nsoro, ma otu n'ime ihe kasị ike mmiri na fleets nke niile Russia. Home n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri - Sevastopol. Black Sea Fleet ka a maara nke ọma ihe ndị nwere ọtụtụ mgbaka, dị ka na Ukrainian n'akụkụ mgbe niile ha kwurịtara banyere mgbazinye. Ugbu a ihe niile a bụ na-adịghị mkpa.

Wuru "Moscow" (agha ugbo agha, N'ezie) bụ n'obodo Nikolayev. Ná mmalite, ụgbọ mmiri e nyere aha "Otuto".

Oge akara aka, na nyere

Nke a ugbo agha bụ ndị nne na nna ihe nke oru ngo na 1164 "Atlas". Ozugbo mejupụtara nke Soviet Navy e anọghịzi n'ọrụ mgbochi okpuru mmiri ụgbọ mmiri "Moscow" (e site 1123), ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ndú nke ozugbo nwetara aha ya. Ya isi nzube ozugbo ezubere iche okowot nke nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri puru omume iro (atụ, ugbo elu na-ebu), ikuku na-azara ọnụ na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ọkụ na-ekpuchi ha ọdịda.

Mgbe ọ na-ke ẹkenam ke "Moscow" ọrụ? Agha ugbo agha n'ime mmiri dị ka n'oge dị 1982, ma iji ya eme ihe na-eze-amalite ruo mgbe 1983.

Ebe ọ nọrọ, ihe ama ugbo agha?

Ya isi ebe ọrụ bụ Oké Osimiri Mediterenian. Ugboro ugboro "Moscow" hụrụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri niile na-ekwu onye mben ọ washes. Mgbe ọmụmụ ihe wee ebe Mihaila Gorbacheva na George na December 1989 n'àgwàetiti Malta Bush (agadi, N'ezie), nke a bụ ụgbọ mmiri hụ na nchekwa nke dum ogbako.

Modernization, ọgụ were

Na 1990 GRKR "Moscow" laghachiri na ala nna ya Mykolayiv maka modernization. Nke ahụ bụ nanị n'ihi na ida nke USSR ya kere kpọmkwem 8.5 afọ, na na 13 May 1998, o natara a ọhụrụ ọkọlọtọ na a ọkọlọtọ nke mba ọhụrụ. Ke adianade do, n'otu oge nke Black Sea Fleet patrol ship e si "Red Caucasus", site na nke "Moscow" natara nwekwara aha nke-eche ha nche.

Na 2003, e nwere ihe omume na nke GRKR "Moscow" mbụ na-achakwa na mba idaha kemgbe Soviet oge. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere "Indra" omume, nke e duziri jikotara aka wee site Black Sea, Pacific Fleet na Navy friendly India. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ wee akụkụ ke mmega "IONIEKS-2004", nke e ẹkenịmde jikotara aka wee na ndị Ịtali. Na mmalite nke 2008 zutere na Mediterranean na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọelu ụgbọelu "Admiral nke Fleet nke Soviet Union Kuznetsov", na eso ya n'ụgbọ mmiri.

Na August 2008, Black Sea Fleet na ihu nke "Moscow" so na ime ịmanye Georgia udo, mgbe mmiri nke Osisha. Ná mmalite nke na-esote afọ m abuana ke echeta ihe raara nye ncheta nke egwu ala ọma jijiji nke mere na Sicily a narị afọ gara aga. Mgbe ahụ, na kpara nke Imperial Navy-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri abuana ifịk ifịk.

The uru nke "Moscow" maka Navy nke Russian Federation

Ke ofụri ofụri, ụgbọ, aha nke bụ aha nke isi obodo, bụ mgbe niile n'okpuru nnyocha. M sokwa, na "Moscow". Agha ugbo agha ugboro ugboro were on board ike kacha ike mmadụ nke ma ndị USSR na mba ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, nke a emeghị ka a ghara ọhụrụ ọchịchị nke mba ná mmalite 1990s na-eche banyere-eziga a ụgbọ mmiri na-scrap.

Anyị na-adịghị ekwu ihe ọ bụla, na ugbo agha fọrọ nke nta ka asatọ na ọkara afọ guzo ebuka ke Nikolaevsk ruo mgbe dọọ mgbagwoju n'usoro iwu igbu oge. Ọ dabara nke ọma, bee n'ime ndị metal arịa bụ nyere, na Black Sea Fleet efunahụghị ya kpara ndú.

On mkpa

Ke ufọt ufọt 1990s ke Ruth nke "echekwa aku na uba" na "mbenata na-akwụ ụgwọ" na anụ ụlọ media mgbe mkpali dum n'agha. "Ndị ọkachamara na" ogologo na hotly arụrịta ụka, ma ọ bụ mba ndị ship dị mkpa. Ọtụtụ kweere na-na Black Sea a ugbo agha bụ disadvantageous si akụ na ụba echiche, àjà "chụkwute" ya na mpaghara nke ibu ọrụ nke Pacific Fleet. Ha ifịk ifịk na-akwado ndị mba ọzọ na-emegide. Ha na-nnọọ bụghị masịrị echiche bụ na "nke na-egbu ụgbọelu na-ebu" ga-ebu ya ọrụ na mmiri a.

August 2008 gosiri otú obodo kwesịrị a "Moscow". Nche agha ugbo agha bụ nanị "oké okwu," bụ nke na-NATO si ọkụ ọkụ mkpebi. Ugbu a ọ bụ otú a ọ na-adịghị anabata icheta, ma n'oge "ụbọchị ise agha" na Black Sea bụ nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ ụgbọ mmiri nke mmekorita. Ma Moscow (isi obodo) bụ ihe ijuanya na ahụ iru ala àgwà ihe na-eme.

Azịza ya dị mfe: agha ugbo agha "Atlanta" oru ngo pụrụ n'ụzọ dị mfe na-eme niile freeboard ìgwè nke NATO mmiri maka scrap. All a na-ọma ghọtara, ya mere nọgidere na-enwe a na ụdị ngwá agha na-anọpụ iche.

Olee otú ọ na niile malitere

Olee otú ngo pụtara agha ugbo agha Russia na 1164? The mbụ ụgbọ mmiri nke klas ezoro ezo aha "Aurora", na ya mmepe were n'etiti afọ 70 ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Ná mmalite, ndị isi mmebe e mma site Alexander Perkov, ma mgbe e mesịrị gbanwee ya V. Mutihin. Site Navy edebe họpụtara A. Blinov, onye-isi nke-esote ya n'ọkwá.

Tupu imewe otu n'ezie na-abụghị ihe na-enweghị ọrụ. The eziokwu na ndị agha dị mkpa ọ bụghị nanị ndị kwekọrọ ekwekọ na klas nke warships, ma vasatail ọgụ igwe, nke ga-enwe ike inye dị ka a obodo-emegide ugbo elu agbachitere ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ebe, na-aghọ akụkụ nke mkpokọta agbachitere, ọnụ na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri e nke e wusiri ike.

Otú ọ dị, na nnọọ ihe ịma aka ndị na-emepụta nagide brilliantly. Ha weere ntekwasa ọgụ ebube mgbagwoju S-300, ọ kere a version nke ụgbọ mmiri (nwere ike oké site leta "F"), mgbe ahụ ka ọ dị ọhụrụ ụgbọala. Ngwá agha ndị a ka na-ekwusi a elu ngwa ngwa na-enyere obi ike zuru ezu iji na-egosipụta ikuku ọgụ na Black Sea Fleet ụgbọ mmiri.

Gịnị oru ngwọta e ji?

N'ozuzu na "Atlanta" na ọtụtụ-eji ọma pụtara ngwọta si ngo 1134B ụgbọ mmiri. N'ezie, ọtụtụ n'ime ha esichara, ma isi oru isi nọgidere na-enweghị ịrịba mgbanwe. Site na oge e ji wuo ya asaa mmiri nke oru ngo 1134B, onye nwetara na aha otutu "Boukari" na Navy. Site na nke a oge na n'ohu hapụrụ nanị "Kerch", nke bụkwa akụkụ nke Black Sea Fleet nke Russian Federation.

Isi kenkwucha e ji mara "Moscow"

Ndahie a ebube arịa bụ 11 500 tọn. Ngụkọta ogologo nke ụgbọ mmiri bụ hà 186 mita. Na a obosara nke 21 mita n'ịdị elu - 42,5 mita. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya, sedimenti bụ otú nnukwu spaceship na-8.5 mita. The kacha iru ọsọ (anyị ga na-ekwu okwu banyere nke a mgbe e mesịrị) - 32 mara akpụ, na-emebu N'ezie - 16 mara akpụ. Dị ka ike na osisi na-eme ka anọ gas tobaim ngwa, ike nke ọ bụla nke bụ 22.500 lita. a. The arịa ngagharị-enye nnọọ abụọ propellers.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere ndị na-agba nke 16 mara akpụ, mgbe ahụ, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị a, ndị kwurula cruising nso nke 6000 amụ ka kilomita (sụgharịa ya metric usoro - banyere 12 000 km). Ma ihe ndị oge, enweghị ihe oriri kpọmkwem otu ọnwa avtonomki. Arụ ọrụ nke 510 ndị mmadụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgụ pesonel nwere ike mụbara. Iji eso na ọgụgụ isi mee multi-nzube helikọpta Ka-27, ọdịda na saịtị ahụ na-emi odude ke etak ubom.

Basic technical ọmụma

All n'ụgbọ 'Atlas "oru ngo natara ihe kpamkpam ọhụrụ gas tobaim propulsion usoro, nke bụ nanị otu onye propulsion engine na onye ọ bụla aro, ma a ụzọ afterburning powerplants. Ọ etinyere a ọhụrụ oru ngwọta, mgbe okpomọkụ si Motors aga okpomọkụ-mgbake circuit (TCA). Ọ ghọrọ mmiri mmiri n'ime uzuoku, nke na-agbagharị inyeaka tobaim powerplant.

Nke a nyere a nnukwu uru. Ọbụna na ọ na cruising na 18 mara akpụ mmanụ ụgbọala arụmọrụ amụbawo site 12%. Top ọsọ mgbe eji niile engines ugbu a mere ka 32 mara akpụ, na mmiri nke na klas a bụ fọrọ nke nta a ndekọ.

ahụ Atụmatụ

Blinov, na-edebe ihe si Navy, na-enweta site na teknuzu ngwọta na-emepụta, nke ọkpụrụkpụ nke fọrọ nke nta niile ọcha nke ahụ nwere dịkarịa ala 8 millimeters. Site n'ụzọ na-ekwu okwu ya, e ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ chọrọ atụzi. N'ihi na nke a etu esi, ndị a Russian agha mmiri na-ji elu anwụ ngwa ngwa. Ma, ihe niile nwere ya downside: n'ihi na eji imewe ngwọta Ndahie (tụnyere ngo 1134B mmiri) emewo site 28%.

Na ziri ezi ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na tụnyere nke igwe ndị a adịghị kwa ezi ụkpụrụ. Nke bụ eziokwu na ndị dị otú Russian warships na antisubmarine mmiri ndị yiri nnọọ naanị anya na ụfọdụ nke teknuzu ngwọta.

Ná mmalite, ndị "Moscow" na ndị ọzọ "Atlanta" na-na-ebu akụ ụta P-500 "Basalt". The ọkụ akara usoro - "Argon". Ná mmalite, ụgbọ ndị 16 dị otú ahụ agba. Ha na-n'ịnyịnya na asatọ paired mines dị na elu oche. Ọ gbanwere P-1000 "ugwu mgbawa" Na n'ihu upgrading ketara agba. Ndị a akụ ụta ike see zaa nsannsan banyere 700 kilomita.

Basics nke ọgụ usoro

The ọkụ akara usoro na-enye ohere ọgụ ọrụ mode, gụnyere a otu oge mmalite (merie otu ihe mgbaru ọsọ) nke niile 16 akụ ụta. Site n'ụzọ na-ekwu okwu, nke a salvo agaghị akwadokwa ọ bụla ụgbọelu na ụwa. Olee otú ndị a mmiri warships bụ na-achịkọta ndị zaa ndị dị otú ahụ ogologo nso ebupụta? Ọ bụ ihe dị mfe: ma site na Satellites ma ọ bụ ụgbọelu Tu-95, ma ọ bụ site na ọrụ nke ya usoro nke ọgụgụ isi na-ezubere iche.

Anti-ụgbọelu mgwo agha ugbo agha

Iji ihe n'ụzọ dị irè na-egosi ikuku ọgụ na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na-n'ịnyịnya dị nnọọ abụọ SAMs. Akpa, P-300F, ịgụnye ma ọ bụ zubere maka zonal ntụ ozize usoro. Nke abụọ, "Osa-M" e mere naanị iji na-egosipụta agha ugbo elu, helikọpta bịa na onye iro akụ ụta na ụgbọ mmiri n'onwe ya.

Maka S-300F bụ nanị asatọ launchers ntọala igba ụdị, ikwe ka a dịtụ ngwa ngwa fanye na igba egbe ọrụ. Ha na-enịm ke ebe nke elu oche na AFT nke ugbo agha. Iji ihe n'ụzọ dị irè jikwaa usoro nke launching na ezubere iche, pụrụ iche Rada nọ na di naval egbe na usoro. Ya mma bụ mpi, mere na a "phased n'usoro".

Dị ka anyị kwuru, ihe onwe onye na-agbachitere ship eji mgbagwoju "Osa-M", nke-enye gị ohere obi ike kụrụ zaa nsannsan iri kilomita. Ọ na-emi esịnede abụọ Pu (na homing usoro na-arụ ọrụ na abụọ ụgbọ elu). N'ụzọ dị iche na ndị okenye mmiri iji chebe onwe kit nwekwara nwere ya akara usoro. Mkpokọta mgbọ abụọ okụre Sam "ebu" bụ kpọmkwem 48 akụ ụta. Ntem, S-300 64 munition nyere.

Ọzọ-emegide ugbo elu usoro

Ma, nke a nwere ike nke -emegide ugbo elu mgbere na-ejedebeghị. Iji mee ka ya n'ezie multifunctional ọgụ unit, gụnyere ke imewe nke a eluigwe na ala (nwekwara ike igba na onshore na offshore ụlọ ọrụ) nke 130 mm unit (akpaka, N'ezie), AK-130. Welie ya irè, ọ bụ a zuru ezu usoro Rada nchọpụta "Lion."

Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, ụgbọ mmiri nwere a dum batrị nke 30 mm isii gbọmgbọm egbe AK-630M. Batrị - abụọ nrụnye, ọ bụla nke na-achịkwa nduzi usoro na lekwasịrị nsuso "pennant". Ọnọdụ nke airspace nso n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ọkọnọ nke ozi na-osisi-emegide ugbo elu mgwo agha ahụ Rada "Flag", bụ nke abụọ ọzọ Rada nrụnye na-agụnye: "frigeeti" na "Ọwụwa". Ha antennas na-ọnwụ n'ịnyịnya na fore- na isi-masts "egbu egbu ụgbọelu na-ebu."

The agha megide ndị iro submarines

Soviet emepụta echefubeghị otú egwu iro nwere ike submarines. N'agbanyeghị ujo iche iche ugbo agha ọma-echebe site na ha: n'ebe a nke ọma pụtara sonar mgbagwoju "Platinum", nke na-agụnye a towed poolu na bulbous. N'ihi na ọ na-anwa ndị iro submarines nyere dị nnọọ abụọ 533-mm ngwaọrụ ẹkedori torpedoes.

Kama nke ahụ, abụọ RBU-6000 echichi (agha na bọmbụ) dị ka oge na-iji chebe ụgbọ mmiri site torpedo volleys nke onye iro.

N'ozuzu ntule nke + Ụgbọ mmiri niile nke oru ngo

Total nke "Atlas" oru ngo dabeere anọ ụgbọ mmiri. The ọrụ nyere naanị atọ. Onye ọ bụla nke na ụgbọ mmiri ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ. Ha na-eje ozi na Black Sea, Pacific na Northern fleets. Onwere, na "Atlas" oru ngo tụgharịa si n'ezie kwesịrị, kwesịkwa anya dị ka megide ụdị 1144 "Orlan" ụzọ. Project Court na 1164 bụ nnọọ obere Ndahie, ma mgwo agha adịghị njọ, na ọtụtụ ikpe mma karịa ha ụzọ.

Ke adianade do, ọbụna mgbe na-eke a mkpa e nyere mkparị ngwá agha. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọhụrụ mgbere ezuru adịghị ike. N'ihi ya, "Orlan" oru ngo na 96 Ụgbọ mmiri na-agba maka S-300, ebe "Atlantis" nke naanị 64 iberibe. Ke adianade do, Sam "Osa-M" oge ha na-kacha mma n'aka maka onwe-agbachitere mmiri megide ikuku ọgụ, ma na oge nke ha mgbere ohere bụ n'ụzọ doro anya ezughị. N'ikpeazụ, na mmiri nke oru ngo 1144, e nwere nanị 16 Pu "Mma Daga".

N'ihi ya, Project 1164 mgbere n'ụzọ zuru okè osobo niile chọrọ nke mbubreyo Soviet ozizi na ojiji nke Navy mgbe warships zubere izipu gaa agha naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ha pụrụ ịdabere na ikuku cover. N'ụzọ dị mwute,-eme ugbu a kwekọrọ na ndị dị otú ahụ a ozizi ọjọọ. Ọ bụghị mgbe niile kwere omume na-enye pụrụ ịdabere na nchebe nke ụgbọ mmiri ndị si ikuku, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa karịsịa ha ntụ ozize usoro.

Isi ndọghachi azụ nke oru ngo arịa

The kasị dị ịrịba drawback (ma e wezụga nke nuances akọwara n'elu) bụ ọnụnọ nke naanị otu multichannel Rada ( "efegharị") bu n'obi adịgide na nduzi nzube gụnyere C-300 mgbagwoju. Ọzọkwa, na ikpe nke na unit ọdịda ship fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam na-efunari ọzọ ma ọ bụ obere ezigbo nchebe si ọgụ site na ikuku, "Wave" nwere ike ọ gaghị na-egosipụta agha na ihe karịrị otu direction. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere yiri mgbere America (wuru n'okpuru oru ngo "Ticonderoga"), mgbe ahụ, ọ bụla n'ime ha na-n'ịnyịnya na anọ (!) Independent Rada na ike na-akpaghị aka na-ebu na igba ala zaa ọtụtụ asakde iso ese.

N'ihi ya, ọnụnọ nke naanị otu Rada ebe ọ bụghị nanị na-eme na "Atlanta" na a dịtụ mfe iche maka iro alụso n'ọnọdụ, ma na-eme ka ya nnọọ ize ndụ mgbochi NATO akụ ụta, nke na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na oké ohere na ubi nke multi-sectoral agha.

Ndị a bụ ndị ụgbọ mmiri a guzosie ike n'obodo Nikolayev. Ano bụ ugbu a ọ bụghị nanị na na ókèala nke mba ọzọ, kamakwa ogbenye ọnọdụ, nke mere na e dị otú ahụ a ikpe bụ eleghi anya na-wuru. Naanị olileanya maka anụ ụlọ na-azara ọnụ ụlọ ọrụ, nke ga-enwe ike igosi ndị na-ewu ihe dị ka na.