Nchepụta nke ekwentị. Year mepụtara nke ekwentị. Olee ihe mbụ ekwentị

Ọbụna n'oge ochie Greek echiche ụgha nke Theseus ahụ bụ nke mbụ e kwuru banyere otú usoro nwere ike na-ebunye ọmụma. Aegeus, nna nke dike, mgbe o zitere Ọkpara ya ka agwaetiti Krit, na agha na-anụ ọjọọ Minotaur, jụrụ ya ma ọ bụrụ na ya lọtara, ọ bụrụ na ihe ịga nke ọma, na-eweli ákwà ụgbọ mmiri na ụgbọ mmiri na-acha ọcha, na na ikpe nke na-emeri - nwa. N'ụzọ dị mwute, nchepụta nke ekwentị e ọbụna mụrụ, na weere na agba, na Aegeus, na-eche na nwa ya bụ ihe nwụrụ anwụ, mmiri riri. Oké osimiri, ebe ọ na-mere, na-akpọ Aegean.

N'ihu nke akụkọ na a njikọ

N'ihi na a mgbe, ndị mmadụ na mesiri ike na-edozi nsogbu na nnyefe nke na akara na n'ókè karịrị anya na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ. N'ihi na a ogologo oge ndị kasị pụrụ ịdabere na ụzọ hụ na elu-edu nkwurịta okwu ndị na nnụnụ na ihe ndị mmadụ. Mgbe ihu igwe na jọgburu na inyịmeke na-agba ọsọ, na-eji ọkụ ọkụ, anwụrụ ọkụ, olu ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ na akara. Ọ bụ ezie na, hoo haa, na narị afọ nke 16, e nwere a amaghị, Giovanni della Porta, ihe Italian ọkà mmụta sayensị na-etinye mkpakorita nke ọjà jikọọ. Ndị dị otú ahụ a na usoro na-arụ ọrụ n'ụgbọ mmiri maka nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ndị engine ụlọ na ọchi-agha. Ya mere, ha amaghị na dina dị otú ahụ ọkpọkọ na ókèala dum nke Italy ke izute na nghọta, na mbụ ekwentị na oge a na-mepụtakwara.

The mgbanwe ke France na ihe itunanya na nkwurịta okwu nke

Mechanic Klod Shapp na 1789 nyere ndị Nọn dozie nsogbu ahụ na njikọ ahụ dị ka ndị a: dum France bu n'obi na-ekpuchi a netwọk nke ụlọ nche na wụnye na ha ngwaọrụ, mere si ibé osisi. N'otu oge ahụ ha na-enwe doro anya na anya site n'ebe dị anya. N'abalị, ọkụ udo elu na nsọtụ nke ibe. N'ime ụlọ elu ahụ a telegrapher, na-agbanwe ọnọdụ nke ibe. A akwụkwọ mgbe n'ihi ya e odude ke nkebi nke ụlọ elu nọchiri ihu. Ọdụ na ya telegrapher depụtaghachiri ozi na zitere on. N'ihi ya, ọ gara - si amalite ruo ọgwụgwụ. Ị nwere ike nweta ihe 200 n'ịgwa, na-agbanwe ọnọdụ nke ibe. koodu weere, nke gụnyere a akwụkwọ olu nke 92 peeji nke, ọ bụla nke nwere otu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okwu. Telegraph na-arụ gafere okwu ọnụ ọgụgụ na peeji nke na n'etiti ihe nke cipher a na-amaghị, ma, nanị gabiga Nchikota nwetara. Klod Shapp - erubeghị nchepụta nke ekwentị, ma ya nnukwu onye ofufe, Napoleon ẹkenam ya usoro nke nkwurịta okwu na-fọrọ nke nta ka dum Europe. Na mberede, nnyefe ọnụego bụ elu nke ọma. Dị ka ihe atụ, a ozi si St. Petersburg na Warsaw wee ebe minit 45, ma ọ bụrụ na naanị ihu igwe ama nkịtị.

The mepụtara nke ọkụ eletrik na nkwurịta okwu na

Mgbe ọkụ eletrik echepụta oge mbụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị enweghị ike ịhụ na ọ bara uru ngwa. The mbụ ahụmahụ na e ohuru na anya ọmụma. Austrian ọkà mmụta sayensị, ọ na-ahụ na nduzi nke teligraf Chappe ọnọdụ ihu igwe kere ya electric variant. Member nke Munich Academy Semmering na 1809 mepụtakwara a na ngwaọrụ na-ejikọ na iri atọ na ise wires, onye ọ bụla kwekọrọ na nọmba na mkpụrụ akwụkwọ. Post mere na a tree ejupụta na mmiri, e mere ihe electric circuit network, agaghi asu gas egosipụta na-ekenyela, na ozi na-agụ ya. The imewe bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju anya, dị nnọọ bụghị na-ejide, naanị na 1832 e mere kwesịrị ekwesị maka elektrotelegraf. Ọ echepụta site Schilling, a ọkà mmụta sayensị si Russia, na mgbe e mesịrị nụchara Bekee Cooke na Wheatstone. Ya mere, nke nta nke nta, anyị ga-esi na na, dị ka o mere mepụtara nke ekwentị, na nkenke nkwụsị na mkpa isi.

The mepụtara nke Morse

Ya teligraf mkpụrụ okwu na mgbasa ngwa Morse gosiputara ka ọha na eze na 1837. Site na nke a oge na-electric teligraf na malitere ya mmeri njem gburugburu ụwa. Nanị ihe karịrị afọ 10 nke ya akara atuhiworo ọtụtụ n'ime North America na Europe. Ya mmeri bụ ibikwasị nke USB njikọ na Atlantic oké osimiri n'ala, mere na 1866 na-enyemaka nke ụgbọ mmiri "Great Eastern", akpan wuru n'ihi nzube a. Mgbe redio echepụta Morse kwagara n'ime ether. Na ugbu a, n'agbanyeghị nke uka nkesa nke satellite, cellular, a mma-ọgaranya nkwukọrịta, na Internet, e nwere ndị na, na ha nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-ahọrọ iji zipu telegram. Ma ọ bụghị naanị na obodo nta ma na-na nnukwu obodo. Ugbu a, anyị na-nnọọ nso dị otú ahụ a ịrịba ụbọchị dị ka afọ nke mepụtara nke ekwentị.

Mgbe ekwentị echepụta

Ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ na isi n'aka nkwurịta okwu bụ na telifon. A mụrụ ya ihe mgbe e mesịrị teligraf, ya ụzọ. N'oge mgbe a na nke a bụ isi precursor nke Philip Rice, a German ọkà mmụta sayensị, o mepụtara a na ngwaọrụ na site galvanic ugbu a mgbe ọ bụla anya na-eburu olu mmadụ na 1861. 15 afọ mgbe e mesịrị Aleksandr Grehem Bell, a nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na Philadelphia, gosiri na mbụ ekwentị eletriki ngwa na World ngosi. Cheta, 1876 - na ụbọchị nke mepụtara nke ekwentị. Ma Elish Gray, ọzọ mmewe, naanị awa ole na ole mbubreyo na ngwa maka otu mepụtara. Ya mere, n'ọkwá n'okwu a - kpere ot.

Development of Telecommunication

Nanị afọ ise mgbe e mesịrị a ọhụrụ n'aka nke nkwurịta okwu, nke bụ nnọọ mfe Telegraph, na-aghọ a akụkụ nke ndụ mmadụ. Ị hụrụ na foto nke mbụ ekwentị? Ya mere, ndị a ma ama Thomas Edison okè na ngwaọrụ a, na ọ ghọrọ n'ezie kwa ụbọchị n'aka nkwurịta okwu. A Telegraph bụ na-anọgide ọha. E otu nhọrọ na ubi ekwentị. N'ihi ọsọ nke nkenye ọnọdụ ma na udo nke njikwa, ọ na-oké mkpa maka agha na ndị agha. The mbụ ekwentị mgbanwe meghere na 1878. Ọ bụ ụzọ nke nkwurịta okwu, dị ka teligraf, enwetara ọnọdụ nke onye. Ha nkịtị ọrụ apụghị igbochi ma mgbanwe ma ọ bụ agha. Fim nke oge ndị ọ hụrụ na otu n'ime ọkacha mmasị eme nke ọchịagha ka White Army na Red, n'oge Civil Agha bụ pererugivanie ya na ekwentị.

Nkenke banyere mbụ ekwentị

Ị mara, onye bụ ukara nchepụta nke ekwentị. Gịnị ka ọ bụ dị ka na mbụ ekwentị? Site n'ụzọ, mepụtara bụ ihe mberede, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na ndụ a. Mgbe nwere na nnwale nnukota onu efere malite ime ihe dị ka a oge ochie diaphragm, na-eche echiche si n'ihu na ọ bụ a okwu nke oge. N'ihi ya, Bell telifon aghọwo a sensashion na ihe ngosi. Ọ bụ ezie na-akpa ngwaọrụ-arụ ọrụ nanị mgbe a anya nke abụọ na narị abụọ mita, na a monstrous ụda ezighị, mgbasaozi na inweta ngwaọrụ nnọọ oge ochie. The nchepụta kere "Society ekwentị Bell" na malitere ifịk ifịk ka mma ya. N'ihi ya, mgbe nanị otu afọ nke patented oyiyi akwa na a ọhụrụ akpụkpọ ahụ maka ngwaọrụ gị. Ubé mesịrị etinyere a carbon okwu (ntọt nnyefe anya) na kwadoro site na iche iche batrị. A obere ihe karịrị otu narị afọ ọ fọrọ nke nta na ụdị a na ekwentị na-kere.

Development nke ekwentị nkwukọrịta na abụọ na narị afọ

Olee otú wee n'ihu mmepe nke mepụtara, nkwado site na Aleksandr Bell? Phone, ha kere anya karịrị teligraf wee na-eto eto site na mmali na bụkwa mkpụrụ. N'agbata Canada na Scotland, mbụ transatlantic ekwentị cable tat-1 tọrọ na 1956. Na mgbe na - ihe karịrị otu narị puku kilomita nke ndị dị otú Gịnị. Gụnyere - Washington - Moscow, ama ọchịchị pụrụ iche USB maka njikọ n'etiti American president na isi nke Soviet Union. Ọ dịghị onye ọzọ nwere ike inweta ya. Nke a, waya, USB telifon, N'ezie, bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị oké ọnụ karịa na fon, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ị gụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke recessed na a lie ọla kọpa, ma ya ọnọdụ na-agaghị ewe ya. Ọ dịkarịa ala, n'ihi na nke ukwuu pụrụ ịdabere na-ekwe omume ka intercept na-akparịta ụka.

ekwentị taa

Bell - nchepụta nke ekwentị - ike, ma eleghị anya, na ọganihu site na njikọ ụbọchị. Ọ ga-adị na mmepe nke mobile nkwurịta okwu ga-akwụsịlata na waya, ma nke abụọ na-aga n'ihu na-ịga n'ihu, karịsịa n'obodo ukwu ruru, dị ka e kwuru, pụrụ ịdabere na ya, na iwebata ọhụrụ teknụzụ, dị ka eriri-optic netwọk. Na ọ bụrụ na i echefu echefu, n'ihi na ụfọdụ waya kpọfere Internet? N'ihi na ọtụtụ, nke na-ekwurịta okwu anyị na nna ochie, na akụkụ bụ isi nke Moscow - oké nne na nna ochie. Na ọhụrụ technology, ekwentị na-mụtara na ikuku na chigharia a anyịnya ihe na a nnọọ adaba na elu mmadụ enyi.

Ọzọ version nke nchepụta nke ekwentị

Ekpughe isiokwu nke mepụtara nke a pụtara nke nkwurịta okwu, tinyekwara ihe ọzọ version, nke nchepụta nke ekwentị - Ilayshi Gray na Aleksandr Bell mere abụghị. Na 2007, o bipụtara a akwụkwọ a maara nke ọma na-eme nchọpụta, odeakụkọ Seth Shulman, nke o dere na nke ikpeazụ zuuru mepụtara osompi ma na-agafe ya anya dị ka nke ya. Isi mpempe egosi a akwụkwọ Bella, ohere nke ruo 1976 bụ nnọọ nta. Ya mere, ihe ndị ọzọ, na Gray ka etinyere maka a patent mbụ, ma ya na-ama, ekele iri ngarị na ike ike ọkàiwu, jisiri aha a patent n'ihu. Ma, nke ahụ ọ bụghị ihe niile. E nwere a nchepụta nke na dị ka nchepụta nke mbụ ekwentị nwere ike anya na Filipp ụzarị, a German ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ya na ngwaọrụ, kere 1860, bụ ike na-ekesa okwu n'elu a anya, ma ọ na-arụ ọrụ a dị iche iche ụkpụrụ. Site n'ụzọ, Gray malite ọrụ dị ka ọkwá nkà, ke ukem amụ na Oberlin College. Mgbe ahụ, m anwalewo na ọkụ eletrik teligraf Usoro na mepụtakwara nke hotel ịdọ aka ná ntị ngwaọrụ Waya mgba ọkụ ngwa maka kpọmkwem ebi akwụkwọ na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ. Court maka nri na-nchepụta nke ekwentị, o furu efu, na na Bell kemgbe atụle mbụ.

Atụmanya maka mmepe nke nkwurịta okwu ụlọ ọrụ

The nchepụta nke ekwentị, onye ọ bụla ha nwere ike, nwere ike eleghị anya were ihe ga-eme n'ọdịnihu atụmanya nkwukọrịta. Ha na-a bit nke sayensị akụkọ ifo, ma o sina dị, nwere ikike adị. Ọ - telepathy, ma ọ bụ, ndị ọzọ okwu, nnyefe nke echiche na a anya. Back na seventies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ndị Soviet Academician Glushkov kwuru ihe a anya. O kwuru na ndị mmadụ echiche usoro a ga-eziga na kọmputa, ọ ga-echeta ya, emesị nweta a zuru ezu symbiosis nke mmadụ na igwe. Na ọ bụ obi ike na 2020, n'ụzọ zuru ezu dakọtara ọrụ nke na kọmputa na ụbụrụ mmadụ ga-enweta. Ịmata kọmputa njikọ anọchi omenala n'aka nke ọmụma nyefe na anya, academician amụma adịghị ike echiche nke a dị iche. N'ezie, o yiri ka ọtụtụ emeghieme efu emezu. Dị ka ihe atụ, ụlọ, n'ụzọ zuru ezu kọmputa, okpu, ejikọrọ a PC, mgbasaozi visual sensations. N'otu oge, ọ bụ akụkọ ifo Artura Klarka na Ray Bradbury. Ma ọ bụ a na kọmputa na-ebipụta-on iwu nke olu mmadụ. Mgbe e ina nnyefe nke echiche na a anya, mgbe ahụ, ga-ekpebi nke a nke. Ọ bụ naanị otú ahụ dị nnọọ na ọ dịghị onye n'ezie mkpa.

A obere bit banyere ndị ọzọ mepụtara nke ụmụ mmadụ

Ọ bụ ezie na mepụtara nke ekwentị bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa, ma ọ niile mepụtara mmadụ anaghị akwụsị ebe ahụ. Ugbu a, anyị na nkenke depụta iri kasị mkpa nke ha.

1. Mmanya.
2. Internet.
3. nchịkwa ọmụmụ.
4. Ọgwụ nje.
5. Nkụnwụ.
6. Bipute.
7. Sewerage.
8. Ngwaọrụ.
9. Nri.
10. Asụsụ.

Brief biography nke Aleksandra Bella

Ozugbo anyị na-ekwu banyere mepụtara nke oké ọkà mmụta sayensị, mkpa ka ị na-enye ihe ndepụta nke ya biography. A muru ya na Edinburgh (Scotland), nke atọ na March 1847. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ikwu ya nwere ọrụ ọkachamara rhetoricians - nwanne nna, nna nna nna. Nke ikpeazụ ọbụna dere a inem na ihapu otutu okwu. Alexander na mbụ we na ụzọ ha, na mkpa okokụre akwụkwọ na ghọrọ onye nkụzi nke music na nkà ikwu okwu. Ọ mụrụ a afọ na Edinburgh University, mgbe kwagara Bath (England). Na 1870, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Canada ma biri na Ontario. Ebe a, Bell wee na-na-mgbaàmà nnyefe site Telecommunication nke karịa ọzọ nwere mmasị na Scotland. Kere ihe atụ, electric piano, nke aired na music waya. N'oge na-adịghị mgbe, na 1873, Alexander ghọrọ onye ozizi nke okwu physiology na Boston University. Mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị, ọ natara a patent maka mepụtara nke ekwentị №174465. Ọzọkwa, ọ na a na-eji ìhè ụzarị, nke ekemende mee ka ihe e kere eke nke eriri-optic teknụzụ. Na 1877, ọ lụrụ Mabel Hubbard, ya nwa akwụkwọ, na 1882 - ghọrọ a US nwa amaala. Nke abụọ akpa ke August 1992. Na mba maka a nkeji, na-asọpụrụ ya na ebe nchekwa, niile phones na-ná mgbagwoju.