Nnu. ammonium bicarbonate

Gịnị bụ nnu?

Ndị klas nke chemical ogige nke na-agụnye ndị metal cation ma ọ bụ ammonium cation, tinyere ndị anion nke acid moiety nwere ọnyà aha - nnu. Ha na-ekewa n'ime nkịtị (ma ọ bụ na-ajụ), acidic, isi, abụọ, hydrate (crystalline hydrate) mgbagwoju.

N'ihi na nkịtị (ma ọ bụ na-ajụ) salts ji zuru nnọchi nke hydrogen cations na acid molekul na a metal ma ọ bụ ammonium cation, dị ka sodium sulphate Na2SO4 ma ọ bụ calcium carbonate CaCO3.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị acid molekul nke hydrogen cations ikpe nnọchianya site a cation, dị acid salts na-akpọ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3 ma ọ bụ sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị isi molekul bụ zuru ezu na ele mmadụ anya n'ihu nnọchi nke hydroxyl iche iche na acid buu, na salts kpụrụ na-akpọ isi, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ọla kọpa digidroksokarbonat (CuOH) 2CO3.

Na usoro dere abụọ abụọ salts nke dị iche iche cations, e.g., aluminum na potassium na potassium alum kal (SO4) 2 • 12 H2O.

Na usoro, mbuaha nnu nwere abụọ dị iche iche anion, e.g., bleach CaCl (OCl).

The mejupụtara nke hydrate salts gụnyere ụmụ irighiri nke crystallization mmiri, e.g., ọla kọpa sulfate (acha anụnụ anụnụ) CuSO4 • 5 H2O.

The ụmụ irighiri iso nke mgbagwoju salts ma ọ bụ mgbagwoju cation mgbagwoju anion, e.g., chloride tetraammintsinka (II) [(Zn (NH3) 4)] Cl2.

Dị ka salts kpụrụ aha?

abụọ okwu ugbu ke aha nke salts. The mbụ - aha nke anion, nke na-anọchi nominative ikpe. Nke abụọ okwu (na genitive ikpe) na-ewepụtara aha cation. Dị ka ihe atụ: sodium sulphate Na2SO4, ígwè sulfate (II) FeSO4, ígwè sulfate (III) Fe2 (SO4) 3, calcium carbonate CaCO3, ọla kọpa chloride CuCl2. The aha acid salts tupu aha e dere anion nganiihu "hydro" ma ọ bụ na nganiihu "bi-", ma ọ bụrụ na na molekul nọgidere bụrụ otu unsubstituted hydrogen cation. Ọ bụrụ na ndị dị otú ahụ hydrogen anọgide abụọ cations, aha a na-dere na anion nganiihu "dihydro". Ihe Nlereanya hydrogencarbonate (ma ọ bụ bicarbonate) NaHCO3 ngwọta (a nnu na-mara dị ka mmiri soda), sodium dihydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4.

Ammonium bicarbonate. usoro

Na usoro acidic carbonic acid nnu NH4HCO3, agaghi asu ammonium cation a na-gụnyere HCO3- anion kpụrụ ele mmadụ anya n'ihu nnọchi na molekul nke acid hydrogen cation na ghaghị ebubo ammonium ion. Nke ahụ bụ, a nyere molekul nke acid nnu mejupụtara a cation nke ammonium NH4 +, metụtara na otu anion enwe a na-akpọ hydrogencarbonate HCO3-. The oké usoro nke Hill usoro e dere dị ka: CH5NO3. Molekụla arọ na umi bụ 79,06. e. m.

Njirimara

Ammonium bicarbonate bụ inorganic compound anya - ya Colorless kristal na a rhombic lattice. Njupụta dị 1,586 g / cm3 (na 20 ° C). The Alụlụụ mgbali na-abawanye site na 59 mm. HG. Art. (Mgbe 25,4 ° C) na 278 mm. HG. Art. (N'oge 45 ° C).

ammonium bicarbonate bụghị soluble na ethanol na acetone. Ukwuu soluble na mmiri: na-amụba okpomọkụ na solubility nke acid nnu na-abawanye site na ruwo 11.9 g / 100 g (na 0 Celsius C) na 36,6 g / 100 g (na 40 ° C).

Ammonium bicarbonate erekasịchaala na CO2 ntọhapụ ugbua na 20 Celsius C. Na okpomọkụ nke 36-70 ° C nnu erekasịchaala na okenye agbanwe agbanwe. N'ihi ya, amonia a tọhapụrụ, na-emepụta mmiri na carbon dioxide: NH4HCO3 → NH3 ↑ + CO2 ↑ + H2O.

N'ihi na hydrolysis bụ otu okenye ihe ngwọta nke a weakly alkaline mmeghachi omume. Mgbe na-agbakwụnye a lekwasị amonia ngwọta na-kpụrụ nkịtị nnu: NH4HCO3 + NH3 → (NH4) 2CO3.

N'okpuru edinam nke asịd na alkalis na-ebibi site acid nnu mmeghachi omume arụmarụ: NH4HCO3 + HCl → NH4Cl + H2O + CO2 ↑ ma ọ bụ NH4HCO3 + 2 NaOH → Na2CO3 + NH3 • H2O + H2O.

Ammonium bicarbonate. n'ikuku

Dị ka ihe niile hydrogencarbonates, acidic ammonium nnu inweta site a ogologo ngafe carbon dioxide site abụọ ammonium nnu ngwọta: (NH4) 2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NH4HCO3.

N'okpuru nwayọọ okpomọkụ (30 ° C) na-ajụ salts emee ya thermal decomposition na amonia na acid nnu: (NH4) 2CO3 → 2 NH4HCO3 + NH3.

Ọ bụrụ na mmiri dissolving carbon dioxide na amonia ọ bụ na-ekwe omume inweta acidic ammonium nnu: NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NH4HCO3.

ngwa

ammonium bicarbonate na ọtụtụ-eji nri ụlọ ọrụ: na-arụ ọrụ nke chemical leavening gị n'ụlọnga na mmepụta nke confectionery na-eme achịcha na ngwaahịa. Ọ maara na nke na-eweli ọhụrụ ule na-eji sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3. Ma, ya na ngwa bụ obere irè, n'ihi na tightening ma ọ bụ extracts ana-agwọ ruo mgbe mmiri na-eduga ná a ọzọ ngwa ngwa mwepụ nke kpụrụ mmeghachi omume na carbonic acid gas, na na nke a, ndị mgwakota agwa agaghị lush na mfe.

Ammonium bicarbonate na-eji maka tanning na dyeing nke akwa akwa: a usoro nke wepụ unfixed ji esiji (ma ọ bụ stripper) bụ ngwakọta nke ammonium salts agụnye ammonium bicarbonate.

The umi-eji na ugbo dị ka a ihe eji egbochi mmebi nke oriri (ghara ire ere, si otú amụba nchekwa), nakwa dị ka a fatịlaịza n'ihi na poteto, akwụkwọ nri na forage. Mee ya Njirimara nwayọọ ma ọ bụ kwụsị na Filiks nke nitrification ala.

Ammonium bicarbonate na-eji na uranium Ngwuputa, Metallurgical ọrụ, nakwa dị ka na nkà mmụta ọgwụ (na mmepụta nke vitamin). Na organic njikọ bụ akụrụngwa n'ihi na mmepụta nke na, dị ka ammonium salts.