Olee otú ọtụtụ ndị Russian gọọmenti etiti distrikti, na ihe ha na-maka?

Kemgbe iri-na-ise, na mba anyị na-arahụ site na a ọtụtụ nke ọgba aghara, nwere a kpọmkwem mmetụta na ya n'ihu n'ọdịnihu. The mbụ n'ime ha - bụ ida nke USSR, nke pụtara na scrapping dum usoro nke ọha ochichi, sochiri guzobe a mba ọhụrụ - na Russian Federation.

Nlekọta nsogbu

Russia ka mgbe niile a nnukwu territorial guzobere, nti management nke ọnọde ụfọdụ ihe isi ike. The Russian Alaeze Ukwu ẹkenịmde ruru ka autocratic ike nke eze ukwu, bụ ndị na-achịkwa ihe ngwa nke ndioru govanmenti ọbụna n'onye kasị nta Filiks, ọ bụ na Ịdị ukwuu nke mba na-jikọrọ akụkụ nke mba ochichi mgbanwe. Nke mbụ bụ n'oge ọchịchị nke Petra Velikogo, nke kewara mba ahụ dum n'ime anāchi achi gawa site gọvanọ, na ndị isi nke ógbè bụ ndị na-aza ajụjụ kpọmkwem kọleji, otú ahụ ka eze nọ na-agbalị tinye atọ ogbo usoro nke oha na. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ebe ndị na ókèala nke ụfọdụ mba Europe na-hà, n'ihi ya, e Ọzọkwa na-emepụta nkewa n'ime ihe anāchi achi. Ke ofụri ofụri, mgbanwe, ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ streamlined management, na center ohere ọzọ arụmọrụ achịkwa ime na mpaghara. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ka ọ bụla doro anya irubere.

akụkọ ihe mere eme na ahụmahụ

Agbazi ọnọdụ, na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu na-achụ a ọhụrụ mgbanwe. Na 1775, a iwu e nyere na nkewa nke Russia na 51 anāchi achi nke, n'aka, kewara distrikti. Mere, dị ka iso, ọ bụ gọvanọ, ma n'ihu ịrịba mgbanwe e mere. Iji akara banyere post of Governor-General, onye n'otu n'okpuru ya iwu ọtụtụ ebe, ihe niile si 1775 ruo 1917 e kee ya 20 Government-General na pụrụ iche ndutịm-territorial unit - Caucasus achị. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na usoro bụ yiri nnọọ ka Federal District, nke nwekwara gbanwere ugboro ugboro. Catherine II gọọmenti mere otú iji wusie ndị na-elekọta ndị ọchịchị obodo ịchịkwa ihe nke ndị gọvanọ na belata likelihood nke ndị mmadụ ngagharị iwe na afọ ojuju. N'ezie, ọ bụ ike nke ukwuu melite arụmọrụ nke ndutịm-n'usoro iwu ngwa.

The Soviet usoro nke management

The mgbanwe nke 1917 ada banyere mgbanwe na ochichi nke mba. The Bolsheviks ibido nyere ná mpụga na ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ bukwanu ike. Nke ekemende mere ọbụna ka nkwatu nke Soviet ike n'ógbè ụfọdụ. N'ịmata ya ndudue, SNK ngwa ngwa malitere ịgbanwe si eme na atụmatụ nke management ngwaọrụ. Na guzobe nke USSR e kwuru na federalist ụkpụrụ nke nzukọ nke ala, ma n'ezie na ike nile na-achịkwa party isi, na ọ bụrụ na anyị na-enweta ihe ntụnyere na Russian Alaeze Ukwu, ọ na-aghọ doro anya na nke kachasi mkpa agbanwebeghị. Na naanị aha agbanweela. Ka ihe atụ, ị na-abanye a dị iche iche ozo party odeakwụkwọ kama gọvanọ na ndị ọzọ na mpaghara ọchịchị na-akwado ígwè ịdọ aka ná ntị na ha "ala." Ogo centralization na Soviet oge, ruru n'ọtụtụ ya kasị na ya larịị bụ nnọọ elu karịa alaeze ukwu.

Olee otú ọtụtụ ndị Russian gọọmenti etiti distrikti?

The ida nke Soviet Union na ụdi "Nme nke sovereignties" nke Russian Federation tinye fọrọ nke nta na verge mbibi. Ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ala ẹkenam ya iwu, nke bụ-emegide gọọmenti etiti, akara nke isi obodo mba fọrọ nke nta efu. Ke idaha emi, Russian President V. V. Putin kpebiri iji ịtụte inter-mpaghara management na a doo anya na isiike atụmatụ nke irubere. sochiri president iwu "On gọọmenti etiti distrikti" na May 2000. Naanị 7 nkeji na e kere. Nke ahụ bụ otú ọtụtụ ndị na Russian gọọmenti etiti distrikti mbụ. Ókè-ala-masịrị ntụnyere na nkewa nke ngalaba nke Ọkàiwu General. Ọ na-amalite na-ewu a doro anya atọ EBIONITISM usoro nke ndutịm akara. Number nke gọọmenti etiti na distrikti na Russia agbanweela ihe karịrị otu ugboro, ọ na-e metụtara na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe, na obodo mma. The usoro iwu kpuchie nke mgbanwe ndị a na-anọchi anya a dịgasị iche iche nke gọọmenti etiti iwu. Oge akara aka na post of president ozi na Federal District arụpụta a isi nke ala.

The na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe maka mgbanwe na usoro iwu kpuchie

Na otú ọtụtụ na Russian gọọmenti etiti distrikti n'oge, nyere na-adịbeghị anya mgbanwe (akpan akpan si Southern Federal District e ekenyela na North-Kọkeshịan Federal District)? Na March 2014 na njikọ na na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị na na Ukraine na referendum na Crimea e hiwere site ọzọ gọọmenti etiti district -Krymsky District. N'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike ikwu na e nwere ndị dị nnọọ 9 gọọmenti etiti distrikti, anabatakwa a ajụjụ banyere otú Russia si gọọmenti etiti distrikti. Ịmepụta dị otú ahụ a usoro ochichi ike akara nke gọọmenti etiti n'elu n'ógbè, na o megideghị ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke akpàràkpà gọọmenti, na Russian Federation dịghị ụzọ n'okpuru oruru. Legislative isi nke achị Russia anēwebata full nnabata ya na gọọmenti etiti iwu. Federal District of Russia na mba map akara dị iche iche na agba, ya mere ị nwere ike ngwa ngwa chepụta ebe a asị, na nke mpaghara na-gụnyere na nke a ndutịm unit.

Final picture nke ndutịm-territorial unit nke Russian Federation

Anyị na-ama si mesoo na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke DOF na ugbu a na-aghọta, ihe gọọmenti etiti na distrikti na Russia adị. Ma nke ahụ bụ otú o si anya:

• Central Federal District (Moscow).
• North-West Federal District (St. Petersburg).
• Southern Federal District (Rostov-on-Don).
• North-Kọkeshịan Federal District (Pyatigorsk).
• Far Eastern Federal District (Khabarovsk).
• Siberia Federal District (Novosibirsk).
• Ural FD (Ekaterinburg).
• Volga Federal District (Nizhny Novgorod).
• Crimea FD (Simferopol).

All nke a nkeji bụ isiokwu e nyere ikike nnọchiteanya nke ndị isi nke ala, nke, n'aka, bụ ozugbo ebutere ka President of Russia. Ya ebe nke nka na-agụnye nlekọta na-achịkwa ọrụ, n'ihi na nke unit e kere, esịnede dị iche iche distrikti ná mgbanwe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngalaba. Dị ugbu a, anyị pụrụ ikwu na gọọmenti etiti district nke Russia (mejupụtara nke a nkeji) ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ahụ kwuru mkpa nke ndị ọchịchị.