Oliver Cromwell: a biography nke ọchịagha. Historical pụta nke Protectorate nke Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell - bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke British ala. Nweela ama ama ya ekele agha rụzuru na mgbanwe.

Biography: Kromvel Oliver. Nkenke: ndụ tupu agha ahụ,

A mụrụ na 1599 na Huntingdon County. nwe ulo ezinụlọ dara ogbenye site ụkpụrụ nke English J.Randall nke oge. Oliver okpu ike deere azụ ọchịchị nke Henry nke Asatọ. Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ na genus bụ ike ime ka a uba, confiscating ala nke chọọchị ahụ, ma, ikekwe, na-kasị elu aha. Otu ọgbọ Cromwell bụ nso eze, Tomas Kromvel jere ozi ọbụna dị ka ndụmọdụ Henry 8 afọ.

Ke ufọt asị - n'otu obodo Huntingdon - Oliver natara ya bụ isi akwụkwọ. Family nditịm gbasoro na Puritan "spirit". Ya mere, n'ihu ọmụmụ Cromwell nọgidere na Sidney Sussex College, nke e mara maka omenala na Protestant Calvin, bụ nke pụta ụwa Puritanism. Education Legal Sciences Thomas bụghị ya mma, ọ na-adịghị anya ama esịn si. Na isi ọnwụ nke ndị ikwu, na O were na nwunye na nwa nwaanyị nke a obere, nweekwa ala.

Mmalite nke Civil War

Ná mmalite narị afọ nke 17 na Britain bụ na-eto eto enweghị afọ ojuju na ndị gọọmenti etiti. The zuru onyeeze nke King Charles na enweghị m ike na-ebu ndị dị mkpa mgbanwe. Eze, dabeere na na Church of England, ka budata belata mmetụta nke nzuko omeiwu. Nke a nyeere ya aka iji weghachi obodo ụtụ isi na akara usoro. Dị otú ahụ mgbanwe mere ka iwe n'obi n'etiti ndị mmadụ, nke mere ka nsogbu.

Na-akwado nke Puritanism na-anọchi anya na nzuko omeiwu site ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, ọtụtụ nke na-agafeghị oke na-akwado nke ichebe Ecclesiastical ikike. Ma akụkụ nke ndị Puritan kere a party "Roundheads" - a buu Protestant nzukọ, nzube nke nke bụ site a mgbanwe kwatuo eze. Ọ na-aga site Oliver Cromwell.

Ironsides agha

Mmalite nke Civil War nwere ike-atụle ihe nke ọma na-anwa nke King ijide ise MPs. Mgbe ahụ, abụọ n'akụkụ malitere izukọta agha. The Royal Army nwere a dị ike agha na nye ya a nnukwu uru. Nzuko omeiwu agha gụnyere militias onye mbụ wee agha. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ Cromwell kpebiri ike a squad nke ndi-inyinya, bụ onye ike na-alụ ọgụ azụ eze ndi agha.

Oliver n'onwe ya agha na-aga site na ọzụzụ, ma afọ zemlevladelchestva nye ya ihe echiche banyere ịnya. Ná mmalite nke agha, o wee ghọọ onyeisi ndị ịnyịnya detachment nke iri ise ndị mmadụ. Ọ kụziiri ha ka ha na-awakpo na n'ohu na agha si ka iyi tojubigara ókè. N'oge ọgụ, ndị agha ịnyịnya nke Cromwell ẹkenịmde n'akụkụ site n'akụkụ na nsogbu onye ibe, mgbe eze ndi agha, esịnede ihe elu-klas ndị mmadụ, wakpoo enweghị usoro. Ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa amịghịkwa results, na Oliver Cromwell ghọrọ ọchịagha nke ama otu "Ironsides agha."

Ọgụ unit nwere banyere 2 puku alụso. All nke ha a nwalere na iwu siri ike nhọrọ. Otu onye agha bụ a ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi supporter nke Protestant na Puritan. Oliver Cromwell machibidoro mmanya na ịgba chaa chaa na ụlọikwuu e nyere ya site na otu. Kwesịrị Nṅomi omume na iwu siri ike ịdọ aka ná ntị nwere ihe na-agbasa echiche mmetụta. Obodo ndị mmadụ na-akwanyere ùgwù abstainers alụso na massively isonyere ndị agha nke Parliamentarians. N'ogige ahụ bibiri akụkụ dependency hierarchy nke si malite. Ya mere, unit e nnọọ nso-ikpa efe na enyi na enyi. N'ihi na obi ike na obi ike n'ọgbọ agha agha nke Cromwell natara aha "Ironsides".

Mastering North

Site ufọt ufọt n'oge okpomọkụ 1644 Omeiwu agha ẹkenịmde nnọchibido nke York - isi wusiri ike nke eze (royalist) ọchịchị na North. Abụọ ghọtara ndị pụrụ iche na usoro dị mkpa nke obodo, ya mere, ekenyela a ndi oru ya kacha mma agha. Korol Karl zigara nwa nwanne ya Rupert enyemaka nke nọchigide, n'ihi egwu nke-etinye na obodo agha. Mberede reinforcements amanye ndị agha agbahapụ Parliamentarians. Ume nke a nke ọma, Prince Rupert sonyeere na ndi fọduru nke ndi-eze-agha ma gaa ije Marson moo, na ebumnuche na-agbaji ndị agha "Roundheads".

July 2nd aka wuru iji na agha, na-eche maka agha. Onye ama ama "gentlemen" na ego nke 6000, megide usu ndi nāpunara madu nke ndi-inyinya-emi ada Oliver Cromwell. Ọchịagha ekpe na idobere a obere platoon nke Irish agba na oké egwu ọnọdụ. The Cavaliers wee Marson-Moore 17000th agha. Parliamentarians bụ maka 10 puku ndị ọzọ. Ma agha bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu dabere na ndi agha arụmọrụ. Cromwell dị na nri nku. O nyere iwu ndikom-ya ghara ịda iche mgbe agha, na-eme ka a otu kwadoro. Rupert megide ndi agha o gosipụtawo lancers na ogologo ube, nke gburu-agba kpọmkwem see.

Alụ ọgụ na Marson-Moore

Na 5 pm amalitelarị mbido bombardment. Mgbe 2 chasa egwuri anwụrụ na detachment Cromwell bugara ọgụ. N'oge galloping ụsụụ ndị agha ya adabaghị na a di ọku agha. Si akpa nkeji nke royalists malitere inupụ emegide. Emetụta qualitative kara alụso. All agba ndị Rupert nwata zụrụ azụ isi agha nka. Oliver Cromwell e gburu n'agha gawa ka bandeeji. N'oge a, o nyere iwu na idobere squad see ka iyi tojubigara ókè nke "gentlemen." Nghogbu mịpụtara mkpụrụ, onye iro dara. Mgbe m na-egwuri Oliver nzọ na agha uko guzobere. Sputtered n'elu nnukwu ebe agba Rupert ike jikọọ hazie eguzogide, mgbe Parliamentarians na agha na-ama hazigharịrị na a otu kwadoro ulo oru a ọhụrụ agha.

Results nke agha

Ekele a ọma agha edinam nke Cromwell, site n'abalị royalists e bibiri kpam kpam. N'ọgbọ agha nọgidere dina 4,000 agha, ihe karịrị otu puku na weghaara. Army Parliamentarians efu naanị 300 agha.

The mmeri nke eze agha si Marson-Moore mbụ bụ ịrịba mmeri nke ndị nnupụisi. Mastering York kwere Parliamentarians nyochaa dum North. Cromwell si ndi agha gosipụtara na omume ndị kara a ọhụrụ agha si eme na n'ohu. Oké iwe, Prince Rupert kwuru na Oliver Cromwell, "eleghị anya Ironsides, ugboro nwere ike anyị merie" (enweghị ukara nkwenye nke okwu).

Oliver Cromwell: Lieutenant-General nke Omeiwu agha

Gosiri Cromwell general nkà mere ya onyeisi nke ihe niile agha detachments nzuko omeiwu. Ọ malitere ozugbo e guzobere ndị agha ndị ọhụrụ nlereanya, ihe nlereanya nke ya "Ironsides" agba. The absolutist England natara mara n'ohu dabere na ha nọ na ọha mmadụ. The ọhụrụ agha, nke a na-achị kagburu. Senior ọnọdụ na-enwe site ndị gosiri nkà ha na omume. Nke a so mee ka cohesion na ịdị n'otu nke ndi-agha. Ọzọkwa, ndị a mgbanwe e mma site ndị mmadụ. Ọrụ ugbo na obere landlords ígwè uka mmasị MPs.

New nlereanya agha

Atọ oge ufodu ụsụụ ndị agha na-mesoo n'otu n'otu na ozugbo ọ nọ n'okpuru naanị warlords, ha na a ghọrọ n'ime otu, ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ 22 na puku ndị mmadụ. iwu siri ike nke ịdọ aka ná ntị maka mmebi nke nke e ekewet dị iche iche penalties ha iwu. The mmụọ nke ndị agha na-akwado site na ndị ụkọchukwu. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ onyinye na na agha, na-etinye na nwa uwe mwụda. Religious ọzụzụ alụso na mmụọ nke na Puritanism, Cromwell mmasị pụrụ iche dị mkpa.

On na Iv nke nnọchiteanya nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mba, nke nyere mkpa nke ndị agha, kwuru, sị enweghi ike anọgide na-akwado. Army reorganization ga-ebelata ego akwụ ụgwọ. Ya baptism nke ọhụrụ nzuko omeiwu agha natara na agha na Nesbit, ndibọhọ a Mbuzo mmeri "gentlemen."

Cromwell na-achị

Mgbe ikpeazụ mmeri Cavaliers Parliamentarians na-enwe ike iru ha. Oliver Cromwell mere na mba ahụ. Jehova na-echebe (Cromwell aha) guzosie ike authoritarian ọchịchị aka ike na "ígwè" iwu. Ọ dabeere na nkwado nke ndị agha ya comrades, bụ onye, mgbe agha ahụ nọ na-arụ isi nlekọta ọnọdụ. Na ndị ikom ndị ezi Cromwell na unconditionally-emezu ihe nile ya iwu. Ịjụ ile aha nke King, Cromwell n'ezie enen Republican ọnọdụ nke England.

ụtụ isi usoro e adi. All isi okporo ụzọ (karịsịa nnweta ụzọ) kpamkpam achịkwa ndị agha. N'oge a malitere nsogbu ke Scotland na Ireland. Cromwell onwe duru ndị agha na-ebelata ha. Mgbe Iweghachi iji, o weghachiri ikike nke nzuko omeiwu na Ụlọ nke ndị nwenụ. All eze na-akwado na-amaja na-akpagbu. Na nwenụ nke kwadoro Royalists na Civil War, jide onwunwe dị mkpa maka mgbanwe. Ihe omume ndị a na-nabatara okpukpe Calvin na ndị nkịtị.

Ọnwụ na akara na akụkọ ihe mere eme

Oliver Cromwell nwụrụ na September 13, 1658. Ihe kpatara ọ sịrị na nsí (ụfọdụ akụkọ ihe mere eme kweere na Chineke na-echebe nwụrụ ịba). The olili ozu nke "ígwè" Oliver bụ chic. Ma mgbe ha na mba malitere ọgba aghara. All n'elu England, a-efegharị efegharị nke aghara na ọgba aghara. Nzuko omeiwu a manyere na-agba Charles II, nwa nke gburu eze n'ocheeze ahụ. Mgbe okpu Karl nyere iwu akara Cromwell ahụ doghachi, wee bee n'ime 4 akụkụ. Kemgbe ahụ, ndị nkịtị ka ha ghara ọbụna buo aha "Oliver Cromwell". Biography Jehova nwere ruo ogologo oge n'okpuru nnyocha.

Cromwell ridara na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka a ma ama ọchịagha ndị na-eme mgbanwe. N'oge ọchịchị ọ bụ nnọọ ewu ewu n'etiti ndị nkịtị. Ya iwu bu ihe atu nke Calvin na Democracy. The mgbanwe emepụta Jehova na-echebe, ndị mbụ nzọụkwụ kwupụta nkwatu feudalism. Na narị afọ nke 20, hụrụ funerary nkpuchi, nke ẹbụk Oliver Cromwell. Photo Nchoputa n'okpuru. N'ikpeazụ, e liri ya naanị na 1960 na uka nke onye nke Cambridge kọleji.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-agakwuru ndị nke si a akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ọnọdụ, afọ nke Republic na Protectorate enweghị mmetụta na akara aka nke England, n'agbanyeghị niile mgbanwe ndị a na-ẹkenam Oliver Cromwell. Brief biography nke eminent England o esịne ke amanyere bụ iwu ọzụzụ N'ezie mmemme nke niile akụkọ ihe mere eme British mahadum.