Ònye bụ nna nke Soviet physics? The kasị ama physics nke USSR

Scientific ọmụmụ Soviet Union rụrụ na ìgwè. Ọrụ ọtụtụ nnyocha institutes na laboratories na-arụ ọrụ ehihie na abalị maka abamuru nke ndị nkịtị na mba dị ka a dum. Academy nke Sciences kemgbe ịkpachara anya iji hụ na, dị ka a na nkà na ụzụ, Humanities, mgbakọ na mwepụ, chemists, ndị dọkịta, ndị ọkà, ọdịdị mbara ala bee site foogu nke ejighị ihe n'aka.

Otú ọ dị, ndị pụrụ iche e lebara anya ọmụmụ physics.

alaka nke physics

Ihe kacha mkpa ebe na mgbe mgbe nwere ihe ùgwù ndị aerospace, ugbo elu, nakwa dị ka ihe e kere eke nke na kọmputa technology.

Soviet physics Nna

Famous ọkà mmụta sayensị na akụkọ ihe mere eme ọtụtụ. The ndepụta isiokwu ya bụ "The kasị ama physics nke USSR" ga-emepe osote onyeisi oche nke Academy nke Sciences nke USSR, Academician Ioffe Abram Fedorovich. Ọkà mmụta sayensị kere ama akwụkwọ, nke dị iche iche ugboro dechara a ọtụtụ nkà na-agụsị akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla mberede Abram Fedorovich - na eminent Soviet physics, otu n'ime ndị na-akpọ "nna" nke a sayensị.

N'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị a mụrụ na 1880 na Romny, nso Poltava, na a ahịa ezinụlọ. Ya nwaafo n'obodo ahụ, o natara ya abụọ muta, na 1902 gụsịrị akwụkwọ St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, afọ atọ mgbe e mesịrị - University dị na Munich. N'ọdịnihu "nna nke Soviet physics" gbachiteere ọrụ na nnọọ Vilgelma Konrada Röntgen. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ndị dị otú ahụ a-eto eto afọ Abram Fedorovich natara aha Doctor nke Science.

Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ laghachiri St. Petersburg, ebe ọ malitere na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara Polytechnic Institute. Ugbua na 1911 ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mere nke mbụ mkpa chọpụtara - achoputala na elektrọn ụgwọ. ọkachamara ọrụ ngwa ngwa, rigoro, 1913 akwalite Prọfesọ Joffe.

1918 bụ ịrịba maka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke eziokwu ahụ n'ihi na mmetụta nke ọkà mmụta sayensị e meghere Physico-Mechanical ngalaba nke Institute of Radiology ọmụmụ. N'oge a gasịrị Joffe natara unofficial aha "nna nke Soviet na Russian atọm."

Ebe ọ bụ na 1920, ọ na-- a so na Academy nke Sciences.

N'oge ya ogologo ọrụ Joffe e jikọtara ya na Petrograd Committee of Industry, Association of physics, agrophysical Institute ọkà mmụta sayensị n'ụlọ St. Petersburg, nke okporo ọkụ laabu.

N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ na-aga ọrụ nke agha technology na injinịa.

Na 1942 laabu ọkà mmụta sayensị lobbied oghere, nke na-amụ nuclear Jeremaya mere. Ọ e odude ke Kazan. Ya ukara aha - "Laboratory №2 USSR Academy nke Sciences."

Onye a na-akpọ "nna nke Soviet physics" ihe mgbe mgbe, ya mere, ọ Ioffe!

Ọ dịghị abụ a prọfesọ October 14, 1960 na St. Petersburg.

Na ebe nchekwa nke oké ọkà mmụta sayensị busts, ncheta, echeta mbadamba nkume ndị e na-anya. Ya aha e nyere na mbara ala, n'okporo ámá, square, akwụkwọ ya nwaafo Romney.

A na ndagwurugwu ahụ na ọnwa - maka ọrụ

Onye a na-akpọ "nna nke Soviet physics", n'ihi na nke a bụ otu n'ime pụtara ìhè ọkà mmụta sayensị - Leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam. A mụrụ ya April 22, 1879 na Mogilev na ọgụgụ isi ezinụlọ dọkịta na pianist.

Kemgbe ọ bụ nwata, nwa Leonid adọta sayensị, mmasị ịgụ. Ọ na-amụ na Odessa na Strasbourg.

Onye a na-akpọ "nna nke Soviet physics"? The nwoke bụ onye mere ike ha nile maka nke a sayensị.

Mandel'shtam malitere nkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ na Moscow State University kemgbe 1925. N'ihi mgbalị nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na mahadum maliteghachiri ọrụ nke anụ ahụ na nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na ahụ ikike.

The kasị ama ọrụ Mandel'shtam bụ ọmụmụ nke ìhè chụsasịrị. N'ihi na ndị dị otú ahụ na-eme Indian ọkà mmụta sayensị Raman Chandrasekhar natara Nobel Nrite. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ ugboro ugboro, sị na ọ bụ a Soviet physics, m nwere ahụmahụ a fọrọ nke nta ka a izu mbụ.

Ọ dịghị abụ a ọkà mmụta sayensị na 1944 na Moscow.

The ebe nchekwa nke Mandel'shtam nadigh anwu anwu na busts, ncheta.

Na nsọpụrụ nke ọkà mmụta sayensị aha a na ndagwurugwu ahụ na azụ n'akụkụ nke ọnwa.

ede akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, nke toro ihe karịrị otu ọgbọ

Landsberg Gregory Samuilovich - onye a na-akpọ "nna nke Soviet physics." A mụrụ ya na 1890 na Vologda.

Na 1908 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ukpono akwụkwọ kọleji na Nizhny Novgorod.

Na 1913 ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Physics na Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. Ọ malitere ya ọrụ na-ezi na a mahadum.

Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Omsk Agricultural, Moscow Physical-ụzụ na nka na ụzụ Institute.

Na 1923 ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ.

Isi ọrụ - ọmụmụ nke Gbasara Anya na spectroscopy. M chọpụtara a usoro nke spektral analysis na a dịgasị iche iche nke ọla na alloys, n'ihi na nke na 1941 e ọdịda nke State Nrite.

Ọ - nchoputa nke Institute of Spectroscopy nke USSR Academy nke Sciences na School nke atọm spektral analysis.

Ụmụ akwụkwọ na Gregory Samuilovich echeta ya dị ka ndị na-ede akwụkwọ nke "elementrị physics akwụkwọ ọgụgụ," nke ọbọhọ ọtụtụ ugboro reprinting na ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-ewere ndị kasị mma.

Ọ dịghị abụ a ọkà mmụta sayensị na Moscow na 1957.

Winner na 1978 nke Nobel chọr'inwe na physics

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa mụrụ June 26, 1894 na Kronstadt na a na ezinụlọ nke agha engineer na surveyor. Kronstadt gụchara akwụkwọ, ọ banyere St. Petersburg Polytechnic University dị na ngalaba nke Electromechanics. The mbụ na nkà mmụta sayensị director nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị ghọrọ Abram Fedorovich Ioffe.

N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, Kapitsa bụ na n'ọgbọ agha dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo - arụ ọrụ dị ka a ọgwụ na ụgbọ ala-akwọ ụgbọala.

Mgbe demobilization ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na X-ray na Radiological Institute, nke bipụtara akpa arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-arụ.

Na 1921, ọ gara ọzọ ọzụzụ na UK, na Cambridge, ebe ya Idem ama onwe ya Ernest Rutherford.

Fame ọkà mmụta me ya nnyocha iji ike akpa ubi. Na 1922, Peter Leonidovich doctorate. Na 1929, Kapitza ghọrọ onye òtù nke Royal Society nke London. N'otu oge ahụ ọ hoputara na absentia na USSR.

Na 1930, onye laabu Kapitza e wuru.

Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị echefughị n'ala nna ha ma na-abịa leta nne ya na ndị ikwu ndị ọzọ.

Na 1934 ọ bụ a mgbe nleta. Ma azụ England Kapitsa na-adịghị tọhapụrụ, na-ezo ya aka mba ọzọ iro.

N'otu afọ, a physics, a họpụtara ya Director nke Institute of Physical Nsogbu. Na 1935, ọ kwagara Moscow na bụ na mkpofu a ụgbọala. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ozugbo malitere na-ewu nke laabu, yiri English. Ego maka oru ngo ọ fọrọ nke nta na-akparaghị ókè. Ma ọkà mmụta sayensị ugboro ugboro kwuru na ọnọdụ dị anya usụhọde na English.

Ná mmalite 1940s, isi ọrụ nke Kapitza e iji na inweta mmiri mmiri oxygen.

Na 1945 ọ abuana ke Soviet atọm bọmbụ oru ngo.

Na 1955, ọ nọ na mmepe otu nke mbụ wuru satellite nke mbara ala anyị.

na-egbuke egbuke ọrụ

Maka ọrụ "plasma na-achịkwa ite mmeghachi omume" na 1978, academician natara Nobel Nrite.

Pyotr Leonidovich bụ nnata nke ọtụtụ enọ na na nwa anụmanụ. Ya onyinye sayensị bụ n'ezie uru.

Ọ dịghị abụ a ma ama ọkà mmụta na 1984.

Ugbu a na ị maara na-akpọ "nna nke Soviet physics."