Operating vibrations - vibrations adọ

Oscillatory Filiks - ihe dị mkpa nke oge a na nkà mmụta sayensị na nkà na ụzụ, ya mere ha na-mgbe na-akwụ ụgwọ anya ka ọmụmụ dị ka otu n'ime "nsinsi" nsogbu. The ọrụ nke ọ bụla ihe ọmụma - abụghị ịmata ihe, iji ya eme ihe ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị. Ma n'ihi nke a, e nwere kwa ụbọchị na e nwere ndị ọhụrụ oru na usoro na usoro. Ha na-na-aga n'ihu, na-egosi ya kachasi mkpa, na-eme ụfọdụ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ na-ofu, na-ejigide nwere n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ, na-aga na steeti ngagharị. Gịnị bụ ije? Enweghị na-aga n'ime oké ọhịa, anyị na-mfe nkọwa ya: a mgbanwe nke ihe onwunwe ọnọdụ nke ahụ ikwu bụla ahazi usoro, nke na-conventionally lere ya anya na ofu.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kwere omume nhọrọ maka ije nke otu mmasị bụ oscillating, nke e ji na na usoro akuko mgbanwe nke malitere (ma ọ bụ nke anụ ahụ quantities) Mgbe ụfọdụ - cycles. Dị otú ahụ vibrations na-akpọ oge ma ọ bụ cyclic. N'etiti ha bụ ndị a iche iche klas nke harmonic oscillations, na nke e ji mara ịrịba ama (ike ọsọ, osooso, ọkwá na ohere, wdg) ịdị iche iche sinusoidally na oge, i.e., enwe a sinusoidal ụdị. A ịrịba ama onwunwe nke harmonic oscillations bụ na ha Nchikota bụ ọ bụla ọzọ nhọrọ, gụnyere ma na-abụghị harmonic. A nnọọ mkpa echiche na physics bụ "na-adọ oscillations", nke pụtara ọnọdụ nke oscillating ahụ fixation na ụfọdụ oge. Adọ tụrụ na angular nkeji - radians kama aka ike, dị nnọọ ka a ga-adaba adaba ụzọ kọwaa oge Filiks. Na ọzọ okwu, ọ na-ekpebi na-adọ uru nke ugbu a ala nke oscillating usoro. Ma ọ bụghị ya nwere ike ọ bụghị - n'ihi na na-adọ fluctuations bụ esemokwu nke ọrụ na-akọwa ndị a fluctuations. The ezi uru nke na-adọ maka ije nke ọma jijiji agwa nwere ike na-egosi na-achịkọta, ọsọ, na ndị ọzọ na anụ ahụ kwa nke ịdị iche iche sinusoidally, ma nkịtị ka ha bụ oge na nduzi.

Ndiwụt na a na-adọ nke oscillation bụ ike - ya ga-achọ a dị mfe n'ibu usoro - eri, r ogologo, na nghọta na ya "ihe onwunwe mgbe" - Bob. Anyị idozi na eri na etiti nke a akụkụ anọ ahazi usoro na-amanye anyị "pendulum" jụụ. Ka anyị iche na ọ dị njikere ime ya ihe angular ike ọsọ w. Mgbe ahụ, n'oge t ibu adiana n'akuku bụ φ = wt. Ọzọkwa, a na okwu a ga-atụle nke mbụ na-adọ nke oscillation ka n'akuku φ0 - ọnọdụ nke usoro tupu ịmalite ije. N'ihi ya, ngụkọta adiana n'akuku, na-adọ na gbakọọ si mmekọrita φ = wt + φ0. Mgbe ahụ okwu n'ihi na harmonic ọrụ ma a ntule ahazi ibu na X-axis, anyị nwere ike ide:

x = A * cos (wt + φ0), nke A - njupụta nke oscillation, ke idaha hà r - okirikiri nke filament.

N'otu aka ahụ, otu ntule na Y-axis e dere dị ka ndị a:

y = A mmehie (wt + φ0).

Ọ ga-aghọta na-adọ nke oscillation pụtara na nke a anaghị tụọ adiana "n'akuku", na angular n'ókè nke oge na-egosi na oge na n'akuku nkeji. N'oge a ibu na-agba gburugburu site a ụfọdụ n'akuku, nke nwere ike iche kpebisiri ike si eziokwu na ndị angular ọsọ maka cyclic fluctuations w = 2 * π / T, ebe T - oscillation oge. N'ihi ya, ọ bụrụ na otu oge kwekọrọ na adiana site 2π radians, na akụkụ nke oge oge nwere ike kwekọrọ n'ihe kwuru ka a nta nke ndị n'akuku nke zuru adiana nke 2π.

Fluctuations adịghị adị site onwe ha - ụda, ìhè, vibration bụ mgbe a superposition, superposition nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke oscillations si a dịgasị iche iche nke isi mmalite. N'ezie, n'ihi nke superposition nke abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa vibrations emetụta ha kwa, gụnyere na-adọ oscillations. Formula ngụkọta oscillation-emekarị nonharmonic, si otú nwere ike a nnọọ mgbagwoju ụdị, ma nke a na-aghọ ndị ọzọ na-akpali. Dị ka a tụlere n'elu, ọ bụla na-abụghị harmonic oscillation nwere ike na-anọchi anya dị ka a ukwuu nke harmonic nke otu njupụta, ugboro ole na-adọ. Na nzuógügü, a ime ihe a na-akpọ "mgbasa nke a n'usoro", na na ọtụtụ-eji mgbawa, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ike nke owuwu na ụlọ ọrụ. Ihe ndabere maka ndị a mgbawa bụ ịmụ harmonic oscillations na niile kwa, tinyere na-adọ.