Parenchymal mbelata. n'oké Mmebe

Mgbe ụfọdụ, na-adakarị omume na e nwere ihe dị otú ahụ dị ka parenchymal mbelata. Enweghị nchịkwa Mmebe na-akọ ka ha na-enwe nsogbu metabolism ngịga. Ndị dị mfe, ahụ mgbari usoro nke ọkọnọ na ìgwè nke nri, nke na-eduga morphological (visual) mgbanwe. Ikpughe a daa ọrịa nwere ike ịbụ na mpaghara ma ọ bụ mgbe a na usoro nke otu ihe kpọmkwem ule. Parenchymal na stromal-vaskụla mbelata bụ ihe ndabere nke ọtụtụ egbu ọrịa.

definition

Parenchymal mbelata - na-enweghị nchịkwa na Filiks na-eduga mgbanwe cell Ọdịdị nke ahụ akụkụ. N'etiti usoro nke ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ onwe secrete ume mpe aghara na fermentopathy, discirkulatornaya ọrịa (ọbara, Lymph, interstitium, intercellular ọmụmụ), endocrine na ọrịa ụbụrụ mbelata.

E nwere ọtụtụ usoro nke mbelata:

- infiltration, ya bụ, ngafe iga nke ọbara ngwaahịa nke metabolism n'ime cell ma ọ bụ ndị extracellular ohere ruru ka a ọdịda na enzyme usoro nke ahu;

- decomposition ma ọ bụ PHANEROZOIC-anọchi anya ire ere intracellular akụkụ, nke na-eduga-emeghasịkwa nke metabolism na ìgwè unoxidized metabolic ngwaahịa;

- amaghị njikọ nke bekee bụ nkịtị cell anaghị egwu;

- mgbanwe nke nri abanye cell iji rụọ ọ bụla otu ụdị end-ngwaahịa (edozi, abụba ma ọ bụ carbohydrates).

nhazi ọkwa

Pathologists ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke parenchymal dystrophies:

1. Dabere na morphological mgbanwe:

- kpere parenchymal;

- stromal-vaskụla;

- weere.

2. Dị ka ụdị akwakọba bekee:

- protein ma ọ bụ disproteinozy;

- abụba ma ọ bụ lipidoses;

- carbohydrate;

- ịnweta.

3. Dị ka ndị njupụta nke usoro:

- System;

- obodo.

4. Site na oge nke omume:

- enwetara;

- congenital.

Ndị ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ parenchymal mbelata enweghị nchịkwa Mmebe akowa bụghị naanị emebiri mmadụ, ma na-na nkọwa ndị doro nke na-emetụta mkpụrụ ndụ. The mgbanwe site onye na ibe-dystrophy bụ theoretically ekwe omume, ma fọrọ ekwe omume naanị jikọtara daa ọrịa. Parenchymal mbelata - bụ ọdịdị zuru oke nke usoro na-ewere ọnọdụ na cell, ma nanị otu akụkụ nke a na-adakarị syndrome na-agụnye morphological na ọtọ erughi nke a akpan akpan ngwa.

Disproteinozy

Ahụ mmadụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu mejupụtara protein, na mmiri. Protein ụmụ irighiri bụ akụkụ nke cell mgbidi, membranes nke mitochondria na ndị ọzọ na organelles, ke adianade do, ha na-free na cytoplasm. Dị ka a na-achị, ọ bụ enzymes.

Disproteinozom ma na-akpọ a daa ọrịa dị ka parenchymal protein dystrophy. Na ya kachasi mkpa idu ke eziokwu na cellular-edozi ịgbanwe ha Njirimara, nakwa dị ka-ata bughi mgbanwe ndị dị ka denaturation ma ọ bụ kollikvatsiya. Protein-parenchymal dystrophy ezo hyaline ụmụ irighiri mmiri, hydropic, na mpi na granular dystrophy. On atọ ndị mbụ ga-dere na zuru ezu, ma nke abụọ, granular, ji na na protein accumulates na mkpụrụ ndụ nke ọka, na n'ihi nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-agbatị, na ahụ na-amụba, ọ na-aghọ rụrụ na dull. Ọ bụ ya mere granular dystrophy-akpọ dull ọzịza. Ma ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere obi abụọ adịghị ya na ọ na parenchymal mbelata. Necropsy nke usoro dị otú ahụ na e nwere ike iwere ọka compensatory ụba cellular Ọdịdị, dị ka a nzaghachi ọtọ nchegbu.

Hyaline droplet mbelata

Na ụdị dystrophy na hyaline mkpụrụ ndụ na-egosi ibu tụlee nke mechara jikota n'ime onye ọ bụla ọzọ ma jupụta dum n'ime ohere nke mkpụrụ ndụ, displacing ma ọ bụ na-ebibi ha organelles. Nke a na-eduga ná ọnwụ nke ọrụ, na ọbụna Cell ọnwụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọrịa emee ke gbasara akụrụ anụ ahụ, ọ dịkarịa ala na imeju na-na obi.

N'oge Cytology mgbe gbasara akụrụ biopsy, na mgbakwunye na nke ìgwè hyaline na nephrocytes igosipụta mbibi nke cellular ọcha. Nke a na onu na-egosi mgbe onye ọrịa amalite a vacuolar-lysosomal ọdịda, nke na-eduga a ọnụ ke reabsorption nke protein si isi mmamịrị. Ọtụtụ mgbe, nke a daa ọrịa n'akparamagwa nephrotic syndrome. Ndị kasị Ugboro diagnoses n'ime ndị ọrịa - glomerulonephritis na gbasara akụrụ amyloidosis. Mputa ahụ adịghị agbanwe mgbe hyaline droplet dystrophy.

Na imeju mkpụrụ ndụ ọnọdụ bụ dịtụ iche iche. N'oge Microscopy ha hụrụ Mallory corpuscles esịnede fibrils na mmanya na-hyaline. Ha dị jikọtara Wilson ọrịa, mmanya na ịba ọcha n'anya, nakwa dị ka biliary imeju na Indian. The pụta usoro a na-adịghị mma - imeju cell necrosis, ọnwụ nke ọrụ ya.

hydropic dystrophy

Nke a na-ele si dị iche ná ndị ọzọ dystrophies na nje na mkpụrụ ndụ, ọhụrụ organelles jupụtara ọmụmụ. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, ndị dị otú ahụ a onu nwere ike hụrụ na akpụkpọ gbasara akụrụ tubule sel ke imeju, muscle, na adrenal gland.

Sel microscopically abawanye, ha cytoplasm jupụtara vacuoles na a uzo mmiri mmiri ọdịnaya. The isi na-gbanwere ma ọ bụ lysed, fọdụrụ owuwu na-tutu amama. N'ikpeazụ, onye na cell bụ a "balloon" jupụtara na mmiri. Ya mere, hydropic dystrophy-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ balloon.

Nnọọ ozu-anọgide fọrọ nke nta na-agbanweghi agbanwe. The usoro mmepe nke ọrịa a - mebiri colloid osmotic mgbali na cell na na intercellular ohere. N'ihi nke a ubara permeability nke cell membranes nke mkpụrụ ndụ anwụ na-amalite irekasị. Ihe mere ndị dị otú ahụ chemical mgbanwe nwere ike glomerulonephritis, ọrịa shuga, gbasara akụrụ amyloidosis. The mgbanwe imeju mkpụrụ ndụ na-eme ka malitere ịrịa na-egbu egbu ịba ọcha n'anya. Na akpụkpọ hydropic mbelata nwere ike mere site na a virus nke kịtịkpa.

Agwụ-enweghị nchịkwa na usoro nke Baịbụl hiwere isi n'ebe ma ọ bụ ngụkọta necrosis, otú ahụ morphology na ọrụ nke imebi n'ike n'ike.

cornea mbelata

Enweghị nchịkwa actinic ozu - bụ oké ìgwè keratin na elu n'ígwé nke anụ ahụ, dị ka hyperkeratosis na ichthyosis, na ntoputa nke agụụ mmekọ umi, ebe, dị ka a na-achị, o kwesịrị ịbụ na - na mucous membranes (leukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma). Usoro a nwere ike ịbụ ma obodo na ngụkọta.

Ihe mere nke a na ụdị ọrịa nwere ike ịbụ ọrịa ectodermal izizi n'oge embryogenesis, ala ala mkpali anụ ahụ mgbanwe, malitere ịrịa ọrịa na vitamin erughị eru.

Ọ bụrụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ malitere ozugbo mgbe mbụ mgbaàmà, na ákwà ike ka agbake, ma na elu mgbe, na-agwọ bụ agaghịkwa ekwe omume. Ogologo ẹdude saịtị mpi dystrophy nwere ike dakpọọ n'ime akpụkpọ cancer, na congenital ichthyosis ekwekọghị nwa ebu n'afọ ndụ.

butere n'aka dystrophy

Butere n'aka parenchymal mbelata ime n'ihi congenital fermentopathia. Ọrịa ndị a na-akpọ nchekwa ọrịa ndidi n'ihi metabolic ọrịa, metabolic ngwaahịa akpọkọtara na mkpụrụ ndụ na mmiri ahụ, nsí ya. The best-mara ihe nnọchiteanya nke otu a bụ phenylketonuria, tirozinoz na cystinosis.

Target akụkụ maka phenylketonuria bụ Central ụjọ usoro, uru ahụ, anụ ahụ, na ọmụmụ (ọbara, mmamịrị). metabolic na ngwaahịa na tirozinoze akpọkọtara na imeju mkpụrụ ndụ, akụrụ na ọkpụkpụ. Cystinosis na-emetụta imeju na-na akụrụ, ma iche si ha, na-ata ahụhụ splin, eyeballs, ụmị ọkpụkpụ, na lymphatic usoro na akpụkpọ.

lipidoses

Lipids dị onye ọ bụla cell, ha nwere ike ịbụ ma iche iche na na Nchikota na-edozi na bughi nkeji na-cell membranes, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ ultrastructures. Ọzọkwa, na cytoplasm bụ glycerol na ọdụdụ asịd. Iji chọpụta ha na anụ ahụ na-eji pụrụ iche ụzọ nke gwara na staining, dị ka Sudan nwa ma ọ bụ ọbara ọbara, osmic acid, Nile-acha anụnụ anụnụ sulphate. Mgbe kpọmkwem ọzụzụ preparations ọma nyochara n'okpuru ihe elektrọn microscope.

Parenchymal ọdụdụ mbelata egosipụta dị ka oké ìgwè abụba ebe ha kwesịrị, na ọdịdị nke lipids ebe ha ekwesịghị ịdị. Ha na-enwekarị imubanye na-anọpụ iche na abụba. Target akụkụ bụ otu dị na nke protein dystrophy - obi, akụrụ na imeju na.

Abụba parenchymal myocardial dystrophy -amalite na ọdịdị na myocytes nke nnọọ obere ụmụ irighiri mmiri nke abụba, bụ. N. bibiri ibu oké ibu. Ọ bụrụ na usoro anaghị akwụsị na a ogbo, mgbe ahụ, emecha tụlee coalesce na-aghọ ibu, ruo mgbe ọ ga-ogide dum cytoplasm. Organelles otú rekasịrị, striated muscle esiwọrọ kpamkpam. The ọrịa na-egosipụta onwe mpaghara gburugburu venous vaskụla bed.

Nnọọ parenchymal ọdụdụ mbelata-egosipụta onwe ya na ụzọ dị iche iche, ihe niile na-adabere na ogbo nke usoro. Ná mmalite nke nchoputa nwere ike nanị n'okpuru a microscope, ma na oge obi na-amụba site ndinyanade mbịne mkpụrụ ndụ, mgbidi ya ibu mkpa na flabby, na ngalaba nke myocardium nwere ike hụrụ anya-acha odo odo n'ọnyá. The pathophysiology nke ahụ a wee na aha "tiger obi".

Ọdụdụ mbelata nke parenchymal akụkụ ịzụlite na atọ isi usoro.

1. The ụba nnyefe nke free ọdụdụ asịd ke myocardial mkpụrụ ndụ.
2. Mebiri nke abụba metabolism.
3. The ida nke lipoprotein owuwu n'ime cell.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị a usoro na-triggered n'oge hypoxia, na-efe efe (diphtheria, ụkwara nta, sepsis) na igbu egbu na chlorine, site ma ọ bụ arsenic.

A, ọdụdụ mbelata bụ reversible, na mmebi nke cell owuwu na-ebelata oge na-aga. Ma ọ bụrụ na usoro na-agba ọsọ ike, ihe niile na-agwụ ọnwụ nke anụ ahụ na ngwa. Clinicians na-eso ọrịa metụtara na ìgwè abụba ke mkpụrụ ndụ:

- Gaucher ọrịa;

- Tay-Sachs ọrịa;

- Niemann-ghota ọrịa, na ndị ọzọ.

carbohydrate dystrophy

All carbohydrates, nke na-emi odude ke idem nwere ike kere n'ime polysaccharides (kasị nkịtị nke bụ glycogen), glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides: hyaluronic acid na chondroitin, heparin), na glycoproteins (mucins, i.e. na imi na mucoid).

Iji mata carbohydrates na mkpụrụ ndụ, ihe ndị na-ele ule na rụrụ - Schick mmeghachi omume. Ya kachasi mkpa bụ na ákwà na-emeso ya na oge acid, na mgbe ahụ magenta. Na aldehydes atụgharị red. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ họrọ glycogen, na reagents agbakwunyere na amylase. Glycosaminoglycans na glycoproteins ntụpọ na methylene acha anụnụ anụnụ. Parenchymal carbohydrate dystrophy metụtara emekarị na metabolic ọrịa nke glycogen na glycoproteins.

Mebiri glycogen metabolism

Glycogen - ya mee ahu maka a "ezo ụbọchị agụụ." Ọtụtụ n'ime ha ọ nọ na-na imeju na-na akwara na-etinye a ume nnọọ ufat. Regulation nke carbohydrate metabolism emee site neuroendocrine usoro. Isi ọrụ na-egwuri, dị ka na mbụ, hypothalamic-pituitary usoro. Ọ na-emepụta tropic homonụ na-achịkwa ndị ọzọ niile na endocrine glands.

Mebiri glycogen metabolism bụ abawanye ma ọ bụ ibelata ya ego na anụ ahụ, na ọdịdị ebe o kwesịrị ịbụ. Kasị doro anya dị otú ahụ mgbanwe ime na-arịa ọrịa shuga mellitus ma ọ bụ butere n'aka glycogen nchekwa. Pathogenesis ọrịa shuga na-nnọọ nke ọma ghọtara: mkpụrụ ndụ nke pancreas akwụsị amị insulin na chọrọ ego, na cell ike mee na-na-ngwa ngwa depleted dị ka glucose na-adịghị akpọkọtara na nsụkọrọ na anyụpụ si n'ahụ mmamịrị. The ahụ "ga-emepe" ya mee, na isi na-amalite parenchymal mbelata nke imeju. Na nuclei nke hepatocytes apụta lucid etiti oge, na ha na-egbuke egbuke. Ya mere, ha na-akpọ "efu isi".

Butere n'aka glycogenoses mere site a enweghị ma ọ bụ na-anọghị nke enzymes abuana ke ìgwè glycogen. Ugbu mara ọrịa ndị dị 6:

- Gierke ọrịa ;

- Pompe ọrịa ;

- Glycogen nchekwa ọrịa ụdị V;

- Nke ya 'ọrịa;

- ọrịa Forbes-Cori;

- Andersen oria.

Ha esi nchoputa bụ kwere mee mgbe a imeju biopsy na ojiji gistofermentnogo analysis.

Mebiri glycoprotein metabolism

Nke a parenchymal mbelata mere site ìgwè ke anụ ahụ nke na-mucins ma ọ bụ mucoids. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ndị a dystrophy-akpọ mucous ma ọ bụ mucoid, n'ihi na nke e ji mara inclusions anọgidesi. Mgbe ụfọdụ imubanye na mucins ezi, ma naanị yiri ka ndị bekee nwere ike anọkwasị. Na nke a, ọ na-abịa colloidal dystrophy.

Microscopy nke anụ ahụ na-ekpebi bụghị naanị eziokwu nke ọnụnọ nke imi, ma ya Njirimara. N'ihi na eziokwu na cellular irighiri na viscous secretion egbochi nkịtị outflow nke ọmụmụ si glands, cysts na-kpụrụ, na ha ọdịnaya agbasaghị mbufụt.

Na-akpata ụdị dystrophy pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ dị iche iche, ma ọtụtụ mgbe ọ bụ a catarrhal mbufụt nke mucous. Ke adianade do, ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa e ketara eketa, pathogenetic ụkpụrụ na dabara nke ọma n'ime definition nke a mucous dystrophy. Nke a cystic fibrosis. Emetụta pancreas, nsia tube, urinary tract, biliary tract, ọsụsọ glands na asọ glands.

Mkpebi nke ụdị ọrịa na-adabere na ego na oge nke ya imi-agbapụta n'ahụ. The obere oge gafere site na nmalite nke-enweghị nchịkwa na usoro, ka na mucous naghachi n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Ma na ụfọdụ ndị epithelial desquamation, multiple sclerosis, na mebiri nke otụk ngwa ọrụ.