Peter Mstislavets: ndụ nke oké nchepụta

Ivan Fedorov-atụle ga-nchoputa nke Russian knigopechati. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị amaghị na ọ bụ a-eguzosi ike n'ihe nnyemaaka Peter Mstislavets. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ site na ya na mgbalị na oké ukwu ike mezue ya ọrụ na a ígwè obibi akwụkwọ ọhụrụ.

Ya mere, ọ dị mma na-ekwu banyere onye bụ otu Peter Mstislavets? Olee ọganihu ọ bụ ike nweta? Na ihe mere eme ọbọhọ banyere ya?

The ọmụmụ nke a oké amamihe

Ọ bụ siri ike ikwu ihe bụ ala na ụlọ nke Peter Mstislavets. The biography nwoke a maka ọtụtụ ihe-agụghị oké chebere. Anyị naanị mara na a mụrụ ya na mmalite nke XVI narị afọ na gburugburu Mstislav. Taa, obodo na-emi odude na ókèala Belarus, na mgbe ochie, ọ bụ a Grand Duchy nke Lithuania.

Ọ bụrụ na i kweere na ihe emere n'ubọchi, onye nkụzi nke na-eto eto Peter onwe ya wee Francis Skorina. Ọ bụ a maara nke ọma ọkà mmụta sayensị na ọkà ihe ọmụma, bụ onye ghọrọ na-ede akwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ. Ọbụna taa, ọtụtụ Belarusians echeta ya dị ka a oké amamihe dị anya n'ihu nke oge ya. Ọ bụ ndị nna ha ukwu kụziiri ndị na-amụ ọrụ nkà nke obibi, nke gbanwere ya akara aka ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.

zutere

Historians ka ike na-ekweta na uche Mstislavets mere Pita ji gaa biri na Moscow. Ma, ọ bụ ebe a na ọ ghọọ ndị maara Ivanom Fedorovym - mara Moscow dikọn na knigopistsem. N'oge ahụ, Fedorov nwere a biri ebi n'ụlọ ya, ma ọ bụ oké mkpa modernization.

Peter kwetara inyere a enyi ọhụrụ, dị ka a na-arụ ọrụ bụ ya mma. Ya mere, na mmalite nke 1563, ha malitere ịzụlite a ígwè obibi akwụkwọ ọhụrụ usoro. Usoro a were otu afọ, ma ọ na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-akwụ ụgwọ ihe niile na-eme mgbalị.

First Moscow Obibi

Mbụ ha na-arụ ọrụ bụ onye okpukpe Ọtọdọks akwụkwọ "The Apostle", bụ nke e bipụtara March 1, 1564. Ọ bụ a oyiri nke a ma ama ime mmụọ akwụkwọ na-eji na ụbọchị ndị ahụ maka ọzụzụ nke ndị nchụàjà. Nhọrọ a bụ nnọọ doro anya, ebe ọ bụ na Pita na Ivan Fedorov Mstislavets n'ezie kwere ekwe.

Na 1565, nna ukwu ka ọzọ Orthodox akwụkwọ a na-akpọ "Breviary." Ha n'akwụkwọ na nke-amụba ngwa ngwa na distrikti, nke ukwuu kpasuru onye obodo enumerators akwụkwọ. New Typography ha n'ihe ize ndụ "azụmahịa", na ha kpebiri tufuo ga-abụ ndị so dee.

Care of Moscow na isi nke ya ebi akwụkwọ osisi

Ịnara aka azụ ọchịchị boro ebubo Fyodorov na Mstislavets heresy na mysticism, nke bụ ya mere ha ga-ahapụ obodo ya. Abamuru nke echepụta ji obi ụtọ nara Lithuanian hetman GA Hadkevich. Ebe a omenkà wuru a ígwè obibi akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na ọbụna bipụtara a akwụkwọ ọnụ na-akpọ "didactic gospel" (Year - 1569).

Ewoo, akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ nkịtị, mere wee ụzọ ochie enyi. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-amara na Peter Mstislavets ọ hapụrụ ígwè obibi akwụkwọ na Zabludovo ma kwaga Vilna. Ọ ga-kwuru na Pita Ekwela oge n'efu na anya meghere ya studio. Nyeere ya na ụmụnna Ivan na Zinovy Zaretsky na ahịa Kuzma na Luka Mamoniches.

Ọnụ, ha na-emepụta atọ akwụkwọ: "The Gospel" (1575), "Abụ Ọma" (1576) na "Breviary" (banyere 1576). Akwụkwọ e dere a ọhụrụ typeface mere site Peter Mstislavets. Site n'ụzọ, na-eme n'ọdịnihu, ọ ga-aghọ ihe nlereanya ka ihe e kere eke nke ọtụtụ Kraịst Akara ókwú na na-enye ya otuto n'etiti ndị ụkọchukwu.

Ọgwụgwụ nke akụkọ

Ọ dị mwute, ma ọ bụ enyi nke ọhụrụ mmekorita adịteghị ezuru. Na March 1576 a ikpe ẹkenịmde, nke na-ewere nri na aka ígwè obibi akwụkwọ. Ọkàikpe mkpebi Mamoniches ụmụnna were niile e biri ebi akwụkwọ, na Peter Mstislavets ekpe na nri ngwá ọrụ Akara ókwú. Na mgbe ihe, metụtara nke oké nwe na-efu na ihe mere eme.

Ma ọbụna taa, e nwere ndị na-na-echeta, bụ onye Peter Mstislavets. Photo nke ya akwụkwọ mgbe egosi na utu aha nke website nke National Library of Belarus, dị ka ọ bụ na ọ na-na-ole na ole akwụkwọ ndị ọrụ ya. Na ekele ha otuto nke ukwu akwụkwọ na-enwu gbaa dị ka mgbe ochie, na-enye mmụọ nsọ na-eto eto echepụta.