Project management - ihe bụ nke a? Uru na ọghọm

Project management - bụ ihe dị oké mkpa mmewere nke a oge a management usoro ke Russia. Ọtụtụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ, na-eji oru ngo management iji melite ogo nke ngwaahịa na ọrụ na belata-akwụ ụgwọ, na-abawanye uru. Gịnị bụ njikwa na ihe ndị isi uru?

Gịnị bụ ngo?

Echiche nke "oru ngo" nwere ike kọwaara nnọọ dị iche iche. The mbụ nhọrọ na-agụnye definition nke oru ngo dị ka a set nke akwụkwọ, dị ka nke na o kwere omume na-ewu nke a ụlọ ma ọ bụ Ọdịdị. N'isiokwu a anyị ga-ekwu banyere nke abụọ ihe okwu "oru ngo".

Definition nke oru ngo nke ukwuu, ọ bụ ezie na ha kweere na otu ihe: ngo - ihe echiche, nke na-egosi mmejuputa kpọmkwem ego ebumnobi n'ime a mmachi oge. Na nke a, na-akpọ isi atụmatụ nke oru ngo:

• Ịpụ iche (oru ngo - nke a bụ ihe mbụ e kere).
• oge ịgba (ngo mgbe nyere usoro iheomume nke ya, mmejuputa iwu).
• Lekwasị anya (gbara na-mgbe rụrụ maka kpọmkwem ihe aga-eme, kwuru na, dị ka a na-achị, na quantitative n'ihe unit).

Ọ bụrụ na niile atọ ọnọdụ, omume nke mgbagwoju nwere ike zoro aka na oru ngo a.

Mmemme na oru ngo portfolios

Projects na-emekarị jikọtara n'ime omume na portfolios. Ihe omume a na-akpọ set nke oru ngo na-eso a ihe mgbaru ọsọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, a mmemme iji melite ogo nke agụmakwụkwọ pụrụ ịgụnye oru ịkpọlite ụgwọ ọnwa maka ndị nkuzi site na 20%, na-ewu nke 15 ọhụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, ntọhapụ nke 26 ọhụrụ Akwụkwọ na isi na-achị.

The Pọtụfoliyo agwakọta oru kwụrụ ụgwọ si otu isi, n'agbanyeghị na ha aga-eme. N'ihi ya, na Pọtụfoliyo nke N pụrụ ịgụnye oru ngo nke ọrụ ebere, maka owuwu nke a ọhụrụ ụlọọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, na-eme ememe ncheta nke ndị nduzi na-amụba kwa afọ ntụgharị site na 10%.

Portfolios nke oru ngo na mmemme ga-enweta n'elu-kọwara atọ bụ isi e ji mara.

Ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke oru ngo management

Na echiche nke ngwa ngwa evolving technology ahịa, ikwado management usoro, ọ bụ ike na-akpọ aha kpọmkwem ụzọ, n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-akọwa ngo management.

Project Management na-agụnye a dịgasị iche iche nke na-eru nso na ngwaọrụ na-dabeere na ndị na-esonụ ụkpụrụ:

• Elekwasị anya na ya pụta. Ụkpụrụ a na-akọwa site na uru nke okwu "oru ngo". Project management - bụghị naanị a quality management a lekwasịrị anya set of oyiri eme.
• Ụkpụrụ nke "oru ngo triangle". Mgbe management nke oru ngo ga-eduzi ndị na-ịdabererịta n'onwe of: oge, mmefu ego, àgwà nke oru ngo. Na-agbanwe agbanwe otu n'ime ihe na-eduga na a mgbanwe ndị ọzọ, na-eme ha na-amasị ndị ọzọ nke a triangle.
• Aza ajụjụ maka oru ngo ndụ okirikiri. Project ndụ okirikiri-amalite na guzobe nke echiche nke na-eke a na oru ngo na-agwụ n'oge nke ngafe nke oge na oru ngo. The oru ngo ndụ okirikiri a na-emekarị dechara na mmalite nke ngwaahịa ndụ okirikiri, kere dị ka a N'ihi nke oru ngo.
• Usoro obibia management. Ụkpụrụ a na-agụnye nwale nke oru ngo dị ka a set nke Filiks, interconnected na-agwụcha subtotals n'ụdị ọkara okokụre ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ mkpa akwụkwọ. Nke a na obibia na-enye ohere maka akara nke oru ngo na-enweghị na-akpọ "ìsì tụrụ."

Ịkpali nke oru ngo sonyere

Gbaa ngo sonyere na-emekarị nyere ntị mgbe ngo management ahọrọ maka kpọmkwem ihe aga-eme. Project management-emekarị na-agụnye gbara ọkpụrụkpụ na intangible motivational usoro.

N'ihi na ego ịkpali gụnyere bonuses, penalties, surcharges n'oge mmezu nke etiti zaa.

Intangible akpali usoro na-agụnye inye akwụkwọ ozi na onyinye n'ụdị oge, nakwa dị ka nkenye ọnọdụ nke mpi n'etiti ndị sonyere na oru ngo dị ka akụkụ nke Asọmpi.

Basic njikwa nkebi

Project management-ewe ebe na nzọụkwụ nke oru ngo ndụ okirikiri n'ụzọ na mgbagwoju anya nke management. Interconnection nkebi na n'ụzọ e nyere na table n'okpuru.

N'ihi ya, na ubi nke oru ngo management gụnyere ego, ụmụ mmadụ, bughi na ngalaba nke nzukọ.

Ngwa nke oru ngo management

Project management Ọdịdị na-agụnye a partitioning nke niile n'ọrụ nke nzukọ n'ihi na oru na oge-agbụ zaa. N'otu oge ahụ kpụrụ a otu maka onye ọ bụla oru ngo na a otu nke oru ngo oru, onye na-akọ ndị isi nke mmejuputa oru ngo.

Na njikọ na nke a oru ngo management a na-etinyere na òtù dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ na nha, na a dịgasị iche iche nke n'out oge rụrụ iwu. Otú ọ dị, a obere azụmahịa na-emetụta njikwa maka kpọmkwem ihe aga-eme na modernization nke mmepụta ma ọ bụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, iwebata a ọhụrụ ngwaahịa.

Project management na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ

The ewu ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa karịsịa ngwa nke ụkpụrụ nke oru ngo management. The ụlọ ọrụ na-na ndị ahịa ma ọ bụ ngo ọrụ, oru ngo management-eji a eke nkewa nke na-arụ ọrụ na oru ngo (nke ngwaahịa ụkpụrụ, ya bụ, ndị na-ewu ọ bụla na ụlọ - a iche iche oru ngo), na n'elu oru Ọdịdị na-achọ ọ nweghị oké njọ nwughari.

njikwa nke nzukọ na-na-mgbe rụrụ n'okpuru ngo ụkpụrụ, ihe ịga nke ọma na iji na-ama kpụrụ iche iche nke ndị na-emepụta dị ka a oru ngo otu.

Project management na ọchịchị

Project management na ọchịchị - a dịtụ ọhụrụ na-emekarị taa. Mmemme-lekwasịrị usoro nke management, abụrụ si Soviet oge, ugbu a enwetara ụdị njikwa gafee mba. Ugbu a iji lebara usoro ọrụ n'ihi na ala-eji usoro ihe omume, tinyere onye oru ngo na zaa na deadlines. Otú ọ dị, dị nnọọ management ụkpụrụ ndị dị otú ahụ omume bụ ezughị okè ma na-achọ modernization na ntaghari ohuru.

Ahụmahụ na mmejuputa oru ngo management na Belgorod region

Project oha a pụtara n'ụwa nile. Na Russia, Otú ọ dị, o nwere ahụmahụ na-ngwa nke a technology na Belgorod mpaghara.

Nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na nnwale emetụta ihe fọrọ nke nta akụkụ nile nke obodo ọrụ ke Belgorod mpaghara. N'etiti isi ọcha - na Education njikwa, nzukọ na methodological support, ubi nnyocha, na-akpali, ntule nke iru eru nke ọrụ, ọkachamara kọmitii review oru ngo.

Project management nke Belgorod region ugbu a na-agụnye mkpokọta ozu njikwa:

• Interdepartmental Commission emezu njikwa eme.
• Ụlọ ọrụ ọkachamara ọrụ kpebie na oghere / mmechi nke oru ngo.
• Regional Project Office, na Monitors nnabata ya na ụkpụrụ nke oru ngo management.

Ụkpụrụ nke "otu window"

Ọ bụ kpuchie nke ntughari ka oru ngo management Belgorod region azụ na 2010 wee maka ihu ọma nke ego oru site a "otu window" usoro, maara nke ọma ugbu a na Moscow. The ọrụ nke window nnọọ ịrụ otu nke ọhụrụ ẹkenam ọrụ - Regional ngo ụlọ ọrụ. Ugbu a, kpọmkwem otu ọnwa site na ụbọchị nke ọgwụgwọ na oru ngo ụlọ ọrụ achụmnta ego kwadoro enweta a akwụkwọ na nchikota.

Akpaghị aka Ozi System "Project Management"

Ozi na oru nkwado nke oru ngo management na Belgorod region a rụrụ site na akpaghị aka ozi usoro (AIS) "Project Management". Nke a web-na ngwa na-adịghị achọ ka echichi nke ọzọ software na-eme ndị na-esonụ na ọrụ maka oru ngo, omume na portfolios:

• Idebe ndekọ (nchekwa data).
• Usoro ihe omume.
• Atụmatụ mmefu ego.
• Nlekota mmejuputa na mpaghara na ọchịchị etoju.
• Nkesa nke ike na iwu ibu ọrụ.
• Gbanwee ọdịnaya.
• ịdọ aka ná ntị usoro maka abịa ihe na-ewere ọnọdụ na oru ngo.
• Workflow.
• Akpaghị aka gbasara nyocha akuko.
• Integration na e-Government nke Belgorod mpaghara.

Uru na ọghọm nke oru ngo management

Kọwara ahụmahụ nke mmejuputa oru ngo management na Belgorod region nke ọma. Mmetụta nke mgbanwe ndị a na-egosipụta isi na-abawanye na ọnụego nke uto nke oké njọ mpaghara ngwaahịa site 0,1% (karịa 3 bln. Ruble), na-ebelata oge nọrọ na nchikota nke oru ngo (site 2 ọnwa kwa oru ngo) na-amụba ọsọ nke mmepe nke investments na mpaghara site 23 %. Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị kasị mkpa n'ihi - bụ guzobe nke imewe echiche ọrụ ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-agbalị iji nyochaa na dozie nsogbu, mgbe ụfọdụ, unconventional, ọhụrụ ụzọ.

Nkwali na nhazigharị nke management Ọdịdị amịghịkwa a mmetụta dị mma abụghị nanị maka ọrụ Bekee, ma n'ihi na azụmahịa, na-eke a mma ego ihu igwe na wepụ ihe mgbochi ka ndi oru itumgbere ahia.

The mpaghara bi ugbu a na-ifịk ke nhọrọ na nlekota nke mmejuputa mkpa usoro oru ngo. N'ihi na ndị mmadụ oru ngo management - bụ ikike eji ọrụ nke elu àgwà na elu agagharị.

Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị niile uru nke oru ngo management Ọdịdị, e nwere drawbacks a obibia.

Ke akpa itie, na ndị mepere oge. Ọ na-ewe oge Ibu Ibu na ngo otu ike ịrụ ọrụ ya dị ka a adabako usoro.

Nke abuo, iwebata njikwa na enterprise, ahụ a ezi njikwa ike-egbu oge. N'ihi na onye na ọkachamara àgwà nke oru ngo manager nnọọ elu chọrọ: mbara nka, a full imikpu ke imewe, njikwa ahụmahụ chọrọ specificity.

A atọ drawback nke njikwa nwere ike ga-atụle ka mkpa asiak ụlọ ọrụ ego n'etiti oru ngo. Ke "daa ogbenye na" ụlọ ọrụ na ọ nwere ike na-adịkarị na-unrealizable. Project oru nwere "agha" n'ihi na ego na-arụ ọrụ, nke na-adịghị ekwe n'okpuru ngụkọta akara nke niile nkebi nke oru ngo ndụ okirikiri.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị mkpa-adịghị emezi emezi n'ụzọ ngo management nzukọ bụ ọrụ nke ndị òtù nke oru ngo otu na ngo ndú e dechara ya. Loading mkpara, dị ka ị maara, ndị kasị mkpa na-achị nke ọma ahịa, na na ikpe nke oru ngo na-arụ ọrụ mgbe nile nwere "dangling na ikuku," a ìgwè ndị ọkachamara na, nke n'out oge na-efunahụ nke mgbe nile na-ebu ibu.

Ná nchịkọta, o nwere ike kwubiri na-ngo management - ihe bụ akụkụ nke oge a azụmahịa ohere, na-amụ ihe nke ntọala ya dị oké mkpa maka eru management mkpebi na ma na ala na n'ime onye ulo oru.