Property mmekọahụ: n'iwu, ụkpụrụ, ihe atụ

Isiokwu a bụ ihe nnyocha, ọ bụghị na-ekwu maka isi, nke ike-eji nkenke oge kọwara dị ka "ihe ziri ezi na ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ." (Dị ka ị pụrụ iche n'echiche, neobzornoe ngosi nke isiokwu chọrọ abụọ iwu nke ịdị ukwuu ukwuu olu nke ngosi karịa onye na-egosi na anyị na anyị na-agụ.) N'ikwekọ ọdịdị zuru oke nke isiokwu a, anyị chọrọ ịghọtakwu ga-ikwu ụfọdụ volitional mmekọahụ n'etiti aku entities nke Russian ahịa. Ọ ga na-ahụ kwuru na ọ ga-nyochaa na mmekọrita onwunwe na ha kpochapụwo ụdị, enweghị na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ ọ bụla were ma ọ bụ nyefe nke n'aka mmepụta.

Types of Property Relations

Ọ maara na ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ na-kewara abụọ na ụdị:

• ihe àmà nke nwe nke onwunwe ka a na-ụlọ ọrụ iwu kwadoro;
• banyere ikike wetere mgbanwe site onye ọzọ.

Ìgwè nke mbụ a na-atụle otú mmekọrịta ịgbanwe onye nwe ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ ụdị nke ihe onwunwe, nakwa dị ka nwa oge nyefe nke ya ndị mmadụ, ọ bụghị onye nwe (dị ka a mgbazinye). Nke abụọ otu elebara mmekọrịta N'ịbụ obodo iwu contracts, nketa, nakwa dị ka a nwa oge ụdị --enweghị inwetara na iwu ubi.

Legal ụkpụrụ nke plurality nke ewepụtara forms nke n'elu abụọ na ụdị ime na a otu bụ ọdịdị zuru oke nke ihe ọmụmụ "nri na ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ."

Ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eche na akara na iwu iwu nke mmekọrịta na otú tụgharịa uche macroeconomic Ọnọdụ, na otú na nchoputa? Anyị nwere ike ịhụ na ọ bụ ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ e ji otu ụdị nke nkesa nke ngwaahịa, werekwa aku kachasi mkpa nke ala. The n'ezie jiri ha na ọha na eze nwere mmasị na-egosi na mmepe nke onye kwuo uche kwuru. Characteristically, guzobe onwunwe mmekọahụ na mmepe ha na-ewere ọnọdụ na iwu ubi nke akwụkwọ, ie. E. pụrụ iche (na oge instants gwara ma ọ bụ ihe onwunwe ọchịchị mgbanwe ụfọdụ na-achị).

Property ọrụ nke obodo iwu

Na-akọwa ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ n'ozuzu, ọ bụghị dịghị ihe ọzọ aha obodo iwu. Ebe ọ bụ a Central alaka nke iwu na-achịkwakwa ha. Gịnị bụ ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ usoro obodo iwu? O doro anya na ndị a na-agụnye ihe onwunwe nnweta uwa, kama ọ bụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ha bụ? Ha na--ele na ihe mara ọbụna site iwu Rom dị ka "ndị na-abụghị anụ." Ihe Nlereanya nke ndị dị otú ahụ nchapụta agụnye (na-abụghị akpụkpọ ihe) ndị ka ihe atụ, akụ ego na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na a akụ ego nke ọdịdị nke ikike nke depositor ekwu na ụlọ akụ, mgbe ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ ga-hụrụ na onodu nke nnweta ụdị.

Category nke onwunwe mmekọahụ peculiar kama ọbụna otú iwu ka aku uwa.

Na-eduga ọrụ na ụkpụrụ nke na-abụghị ọha aku interpersonal mmekọahụ mbụk na functionally bụ nke obodo iwu. Nke a na-egosipụta na eziokwu na ọ bụ (ụfọdụ ikpe) achịkwakwa na ezinụlọ, na oru mmekọahụ na enweghị elaboration nke akpan akpan iwu ọnọdụ kwekọrọ echiche nke iwu.

Mmekọrịta nke onwunwe ma na-abụghị ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ

Property mmekọahụ, ọnụ na mgbe niile na-ewere ọnọdụ gburugburu ha na-abụghị ihe onwunwe na, n'eziokwu, bụ isiokwu nke iche iche, na obodo iwu. Anyị Aga okwu ọzọ banyere nke ahụ.

The aku na uba na na omume àgwà bikọta na ná mma ọ bụla ọzọ (na anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere ndị na-abụghị ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ, zoro aka na para. 1 of Nkeji edemede 2 nke Civil Usoro, usoro nwebisiinka na ikike ikike). Ke idaha kiet, iwu nchedo ga-n'okpuru metụtara ikike, ọdịdị zuru oke nke nke - na ọdịmma nke ikike ịgụ nchedo ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwere ihe ha nwere ọgụgụ isi ọrụ. Na ọzọ - a ikikere iwu, nke na-achịkwa Federal Iwu nke 08.08.2001, "On ikikere iche iche na ụdị nke na-eme". Dị ka ị maara, site ikikere ala na-emepụta na ndekọ na-amachi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụ na ụba egwuregwu na ụfọdụ ndi nke aku na uba. Federal ikikere ikike isiokwu nye ikike na-ebu ụfọdụ eme on dum n'ókèala Russia, mpaghara, karị, na mpaghara.

Intangible mmekọahụ dị ka a n'ihi nke nkwekọrịta iwu

Ìgwè ndị ọzọ dị intangible mmekọahụ N'ịbụ nkwekọrịta iwu. Mmekọrịta nke gbara ọkpụrụkpụ na intangible mmekọahụ na nke a na-adịghị ọha na eze, ma ihe n'otu, n'ihi na dị ka ihe onwunwe ma na-abụghị ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ N'ịbụ ha dabeere na ụkpụrụ nke obodo kwụụrụ nke uche, ịha nhata na nnwere onwe nke sonyere, nkwekọrịta Nwa nke ibe ibu ọrụ. Dị otú ahụ mmekọrịta ụkpụrụ nke onwe iwu, ebe onye-eme ihe nkiri - onye, dị iche iche, ụlọ ọrụ - ghọtara ya na ọrụ ya site nkwekọrịta kwubiri ahaghị.

Ọ dị ịrịba ama na onwe-iwu mmekọahụ ma iche iche na iche iche na ndị mmadụ dị onwe ha, kwurula na-eduzi ha. Na nke a, na iwu usoro hụ imekotaotuugbo nweta nke ebumnobi nke ahịa ọtụtụ ihe. Ọ na-na-eche na na nọ nke onwunwe mmekọahụ nke kpọmkwem mmetụta nke steeti a na-ejedebeghị ma ọ bụ ihe amachibidoro. The mkpa ọnọdụ maka irè omume nke azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ na-eme na-qualitatively kọwaa na ahaziri onwunwe mmekọahụ. Ya mere, obodo iwu ga na-ijeụkwụ na ugboro, ịnọgide na-enwe ụkpụrụ nke na-elekọta mmadụ ikpe ziri ezi, n'ji ọdịmma na mma mpi.

Kọwaa ihe na okwu nke bu

Na a ịrịba akụkụ nke ya onwunwe mmekọahụ na-abụghị na akporo nke obodo iwu nọ n'ógbè nke ọha ikike. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere a ọnọdụ usoro ọchịchị nke otu isiokwu ọzọ. Ihe atụ, na ọrụ nke ego na tax usoro nke ala, ụkpụrụ nke irubere, ya mere, adịghị enye hà iwu ikike. N'otu aka ahụ, akporo nke ụkpụrụ nke obodo iwu mmekọrịta ada nke ọha ochichi (eg, ala) onwunwe.

N'ogo nke ala onwunwe mmekọahụ achịkwa mkpa gọọmenti etiti gị n'ụlọnga (abbreviated - Federal Property Management Agency), na ndị fọdụrụ nke onyeisi vetikal: mpaghara ministri na isi ngalaba.

Iji na-agwa ndị Executive ozu na mpaghara ọchịchị na mmekọrita jikwaa ala-ekesịpde onwunwe na mpaghara ministri nke aku na uba na-na-ekpokọtara aha nke ala onwunwe nzobe chekwaa ebe ahu. Otu ndekọ na-usoro oru na mkpofu gọọmenti etiti onwunwe, gụnyere ala enweta ego.

Mpaghara: na-eme nke Ministry of Property Relations

The isi-eme nke Ministry of Property Relations anyị pụrụ ịgbaso, dabeere na anyị banyere ya njikọ akụkọ, site ụzọ, gwa n'ihu ọha. Otu a na-gburu site na aku uwa nke ya na-eme. Ka ihe atụ, Ministry of Property Relations nke Moscow region, dị ka ya kwa afọ akụkọ, ga-eme dị otú ahụ ọrụ dị ka:

• Idebe aha nke gọọmenti etiti onwunwe, gụnyere unitary ụlọ ọrụ, ọha oru, azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ, ezigbo ala na ụlọ, emejupụta-àkù.
• Registration nke nyefe nke ala onwunwe mmasị nri nke azụmahịa ministri, na mpaghara (obodo) onwunwe.
• Ngwaahịa nke ala bụ ndị nọ na mpaghara onwunwe, karị, na Russian Federation Iwu na Land Usoro.
• Nweta nwe nke onwunwe ubi. Mgbe a mmasị uru ụlọ ọrụ (JSC), na ike nwee uru.
• Optimizes aza ajụjụ onwunwe mmekọahụ, mezie redistribution nke ego na mpaghara ego.
• Site n'ibu Njirimara n'etiti gọọmenti etiti, n'ógbè na ọchịchị onwunwe.
• Njikwa mbak ikike isi obodo nke nkwonkwo ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ na-na ebe nke ihe onwunwe.
• Na-mpaghara unitary ụlọ ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị.
• Site n'ibu tenant mpaghara onwunwe.
• Emezu management na ochichi nke ala bụ ihe onwunwe nke ọhia.
• Mma na Monitors mmejuputa privatization plan nke onwunwe ebe.

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na Ministry of Property Relations nke Moscow ebe bụ nnọọ ọrụ aku player na isi obodo mpaghara. Ya na-eme na-zubere, ọ kwekọrọ na a otu obodo iwu na ubi nke ala na ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ.

Ụfọdụ echiche nke Ọnọdụ nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ozi ọma na ya ọnụ ọgụgụ nwere ike enwetara site na ajụjụ ọnụ nyere site n'isi ya - Andrei Vladimirovich Averkiyeva. Ọ afọ 27.11.2012 - Minister nke Property Relations nke Moscow Region. Dị ka ndị a si Ajụjụ ọnụ, isi criterion maka irè nke ozi ọma na onodu nke ụwa na ego nsogbu bụ iji nweta, na imekọ ihe ọnụ ndị ọchịchị nke Moscow n'ógbè kwụsie ike na akpa ebe - na steeti unitary ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ, okporo ụzọ ọrụ.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-na dum Ọdịdị nke ahụ kwekọrọ ekwekọ Russian Federal Agency (nke pụtara Federal Property Management Agency), anyị pụrụ ịhụ na ndị ọzọ ya territorial ozu na-eme ihe a yiri nke ahụ. Nke ahụ bụ, ha bụ onyeisi ozu steeti ike na-eme ihe kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ nke na mpaghara ọchịchị.

Primary Rosimushchestva nkeji

The isi territorial njikọ anyị n'ihu gọọmenti etiti gị n'ụlọnga bụ ọchịchị ngalaba nke ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ. a na territorial larịị. A ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere nnukwu ala onwunwe mgbagwoju, ọ bụ a pụrụ iche territorial ngalaba nke ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ. A nkeji na-dabeere, karị, nke RF Ministry Order N 233 dere 12.09.2002, ebumnobi nke ha na-eme bụ:

• Huu ọnụnọ nke a otu akpan owo management ala iwu.
• Management na mkpofu nke ala onwunwe, e kenyere na gọọmenti etiti kwadoro nke na, n'eziokwu, kere territorial management.
• Nlekota na ịchịkwa mkpa maka iwu nnabata tụlee eme.

Ka anyị tụlee ọchịchị ngalaba nke ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ si ele ihe anya nke ihe aga-eme rụrụ site ha na ubi nke ọchịchị management nke ihe onwunwe. Ọ na-eburu ndị na-analysis na nlekota nke mpaghara Filiks na ndabere nke natara akwụkwọ banyere ndepụta nke ihe nke ala onwunwe (ie mkpa aha) na ịgbanwe ọnọdụ nke ihe kpọmkwem na ha. A pụrụ iche ebe nke ya ọrụ bụ aza ajụjụ ya na-achịkwa na mpaghara obodo unitary ụlọ ọrụ (GUPami). Department anakwere ha charters, secures ibughari onwunwe, mee ndokwa ka ha ichekwa ego na bank azụmahịa, nyochaa ha irè, nakwa dị ka nyefe nke akụkụ nke uru na obodo mmefu ego. Ịrịba ama ná ọrụ nke ngalaba bụ maka atụmatụ, ọrụ na nkwadebe nke contracts nke ire nke ọchịchị property, nzukọ nke oditi nke ala unitary ụlọ ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, a bughi unit achikota akara nke ala, na-anọ na ala nwe.

Regulation nke Property Relations nke territorial administrations, na-adịghị rụrụ na-akpa iche, ọ na-rụrụ na imekọ ihe ọnụ na akụ na ụba ngalaba nke mpaghara ozu Executive ike. Territorial nkeji nke Ministry of Property Relations nwere okpukpu abụọ nrubeisi - ya ozi na mpaghara Executive ekwesị. Naanị otú a ana achi achi kacha nzukọ arụmọrụ nke ha na-eme.

Rụọ arụmọrụ nke ala onwunwe ụkpụrụ

Kwesịrị ịdị, na isi ozi nke ọha ochichi - irè onwunwe mmekọahụ. Atụ ndị gosiri na ndị bụrụkwa ihe na-akpali akpali aku n'uba bụ a onwunwe. Na nke a, uche pụrụ iche na-akwụ ụgwọ ndị ọchịchị onwunwe. Dị ka a maara nke ọma, ọ na-agụnye ma na ihe onwunwe na ego nke ime obodo na obodo mepere emepe. Nke a onwunwe nwere ike iji:

• mmejuputa ala nke ọchịchị ọchịchị;
• arụmọrụ nke ọchịchị ọrụ;
• idozi nsogbu metụtara ndokwa nke ọchịchị niile.

The methodological ndabere maka analysis of arụmọrụ ojiji nke ala onwunwe bụ Iwu № 131-FZ "Na Principles of Obodo Self-Government nke Russian Federation." Municipal onwunwe site na ego na-agafere na mpaghara Amawaputala.

Iji nweta ukwuu arụmọrụ hotara na mbụ iwu na-enye na ị ga-eme ma ọ bụrụ na ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ na-emebi. Ihe Nlereanya nke na-egosi: na ikpe nke na-abụghị nnabata zaa ọchịchị ozu zoro aka na paragraf 2-4 nke Nkeji edemede 50 nke Iwu 131, ihe onwunwe e kewapụrụ na ụdị ndị ọzọ nke ihe onwunwe. The usoro na timeframe maka ẹkụre usoro a na-ekpebi ndị ọzọ na gọọmenti etiti iwu - № 178 "On privatization nke ala na ọchịchị onwunwe."

Ọ kwesịkwara kwuru na ntoputa, mmejuputa iwu-na nchupu nke e nwe nke ọchịchị, nakwa dị ka usoro maka aha nke ihe onwunwe dị na ya, dị ka akọwapụtara site Art. 50 FZ 131. azịza nke ajụjụ, na ihe ụdị ihe onwunwe mgbe na-ọchịchị. Firstly, na a onwe (ruru ya ọdịdị nke ihe nnweta na ike na-converted n'ime isi obodo). Nke abụọ, na steeti (n'ihi na nke ya Njirimara iji ike ọha ọha mmasị pụrụ iche mma na gburugburu ebe obibi maka ịrụ ọrụ na mmepe nke putara ighe mkpa ụlọ ọrụ).

Ina ọkachamara na ala na ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ

The oge a aku na uba bụ ọha mgbe niile ejikọ ya oru na ụmụ amaala si iche iche na ụdị ezigbo ala na ụlọ. Nke a bụ - nnọọ n'uju, Atiya nke ala dị iche iche ụlọ na akụkụ, na ya entrails. Irè mwekota nke ezigbo ala na ụlọ na mba aku na uba, na-ejizi ha site ụda akụ na ụba, oru na nhazi mkpebi bụ ọrụ na-achọ pụrụ iche usọ. Ihe e kwuru n'elu rụpụtara ina ọpụrụiche "ala na ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ" maka akụ na ụba mba. On ya specificity nwere ike hụrụ site depụtara ụfọdụ ihe na ọzụzụ profaịlụ: nwale ọrụ, oru yiri nkata, ego na aku na uba analysis of akpọkwa, ewu akụnụba.

The mkpa nke ọrụ mee ka doo ke 2008 nke a n'otu cadastre mba, nakwa dị ka na njedebe nke 90s - ala Koodu. Akụ na ụba mba ugbu a na-enwe mmetụta na ọ dị mkpa maka eru ọkachamara na a profaịlụ.

onye onwunwe

Ọzọ larịị nke onwunwe mmekọahụ kọwaa obodo iwu. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ruo mgbe 1996, mgbe Civil na Family Codes, larịị metụtara onwe onye na ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ nakweere. Personal onwunwe mmekọahụ, otú a, nweela ya oge a nkọwa ekele na revival na Russian onwe iwu Ozizi. N'ihi na onye onwunwe na-na-metụtara mmadụ onwunwe (dịkarịa ala - ezinụlọ). Na a na-ekwu, ọ bụ na-emekarị a ajụjụ nke ụlọ onwunwe, ihe metụtara mmepụta eme. Personal onwunwe, dị ka megide onwe, a onye na-enwetara, ọ naghị enye ya uru, nke na-eduga a unidirectional ije nke ya ego. Ọ bụrụ na onwe onwunwe ozugbo-akpali ma na-amalite ahịa, onye n'ụzọ ike ina ha mmepụta. Ọ na-chere na onye ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ na-eme ka ngosi nke ụfọdụ ezigbo shei àgwà izute ya mkpa.

Nke a na ebe bụ a peculiar mmekọrịta gbanwee njikọ alụmdi na nwunye, a n'ihu nkọwa nke ezinụlọ iwu.

Property ezinụlọ iwu

Ntem, n. 1 tbsp. 33 nke Family Usoro nke Russian Federation, na iwu mmekọrịta dị n'etiti di na nwunye na-guzosie ike nkwonkwo (bezdolevoy) onwunwe ọchịchị. Property mmekọahụ nke di na nwunye na-ji ndị nkịtị onwunwe (nkwonkwo onwunwe) na onye (iche iche).

Nkeji edemede 34 nke Family Usoro-enye a ndepụta nke ihe bụ ihe onwunwe nke na di na nwunye, enwetara site na ọnọdụ nke nkwonkwo. The constituent akụkụ bụ nkwonkwo ego natara site na di na nwunye na oru (maka ọgụgụ isi na entrepreneurial ọrụ); iche iche na ụdị nke na-elekọta mmadụ nche ego; enwetara na ngụkọta ego natara site ibughari na bụrụnụ ndị kwụ chịm onwunwe; ma, zụrụ ke aha nke ma nwunye.

Iji di na nwunye ndị dị iche iche ihe onwunwe na-agụnye:

• onwunwe nke onye ọ bụla n'ime ha, enwetara tupu alụmdi na nwunye;
• natara n'oge ọnụnọ ya na alụmdi na nwunye n'ime a pụrụ iche onyinye ma ọ bụ ihe nketa;
• ihe maka ojiji nkeonwe (ndị a na-adịghị metụtara ọla na ndị ọzọ okomoko ihe).

Legal ụkpụrụ nke ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ nke di na nwunye na-agụnye a na ngalaba nke ha nkịtị onwunwe ma n'oge na alụmdi na nwunye na mgbasa ya (ma ozugbo ma ọ bụ n'ime oge nke afọ atọ mgbe ịgba alụkwaghịm). Ọ rụrụ ma ọ bụ dị notarized nkwekọrịta n'etiti ha, ma ọ bụ karị n'ụlọikpe. Nkeji edemede 39 nke Family Usoro nke Russian Federation na-agụnye nkewa nke nkwonkwo onwunwe ndabara hà ya òkè nke onye ọ bụla nke na di na nwunye.

ọgwụgwụ

Society nwere ike adịghị adị na-enweghị ihe onwunwe mmekọahụ. Ha banye n'ime ọtụtụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, iwu ya kwadoro nke oge a ndụ. Ha, mmejuputa iwu-na-ebute ọdịmma nke ndị ọzọ harmonization achọ elu nkà. Ihe kpatara nke ndị dị otú ahụ na-akwa ụkpụrụ bụ a doro anya nzaghachi. The oge a larịị nke na-arụ ọrụ onwunwe mmekọahụ enye ịrị elu ụfọdụ ndụ cycles nke na-elekọta mmadụ na usoro na ha pụta ụwa Ọnọdụ nke onwunwe akụ nke ọha mmadụ. Na uzo, mmepe nke ndị a na ego ga-apụghị izere ezere ime ka n'ihu mma na njikarịcha nke usoro iwu nke onwunwe mmekọahụ.