Propylene glycol - ihe ọ bụ? Chemical Njirimara, na ojiji nke

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị na ịchọ mma, senti na nri ọrụ, nakwa dị ka ụzụ na okirikiri bụ ihe organic umi nke alcohols. Ya aha - propylene glycol. Gịnị ka ọ bụ? Tụlee Njirimara, molekụla Ọdịdị na ojiji nke a compound na isiokwu.

Propylene glycol - ihe ọ bụ?

Nke a dialcohol ndị mmadụ malitere iji ozugbo ha hụrụ ihe bara uru ma dị mkpa Njirimara ya nwere. Hibere ọ dị iche obere si ethanol ma ọ bụ glycerol, nakwa dị ka a doro anya mmiri mmiri. Otú ọ dị, ya viscosity dị elu karịa ethanol, ma obere karịa nke glycerol. Dị ka ya toxicity ọ bụ ọtụtụ usụhọde ka kacha nso agbata obi a homologous usoro - ethylene glycol.

Ọ bụrụ na ethanediol - a siri ike nsi, na propylene glycol - dịghị. The ojiji nke ihe a dabeere na ya na ahụ na chemical Njirimara. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-eji nkenke oge na-akọwa na isi ndi bụ nke propylene glycol, ngwa ga-kwupụtara na ọtụtụ ndi nke aku na uba.

1. Chemical ụlọ ọrụ.
2. Ụgbọ elu na ụgbọala na-ewu.
3. Mmanụ na gas ụlọ ọrụ.
4. Agba na ghọọ ụlọ ọrụ.
5. Ịchọ mma na perfumery ụlọ ọrụ.
6. Food Production.
7. Nka na ụzụ ubi nke ọrụ.
8. Medicine.

O doro anya na anyị na-atụle a umi bụ a bara uru chemical ngwaọrụ na ihe dị mkpa iche maka nkịtị mmepụta na ime ihe nke dị iche iche na owuwu. Ọ bụ ya mere mmepụta nke ngwaahịa a ga-gbakọọ ke tọn kwa afọ. Ya na-ebupụ na bubata n'etiti mba abụọ na-rụrụ ifịk ifịk. Fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla ubi nke ọrụ na mmepụta emetụta ojiji nke a umi dị ka propylene glycol. Gịnị ka ọ bụ? Gịnị bụ ya chemical Ọdịdị, usoro na Njirimara? Anyị ga-ichoputa n'ihu.

The usoro na molekul

E nwere ọtụtụ variants nke formulas nke i nwere ike na-egosi bụghị nanị na qualitative na quantitative mejupụtara nke molekul, kama iji nke atọm nkekọ na ya, ya bụ, na Ọdịdị nke okwu.

1. Molekụla ma ọ bụ ahụrụ anya. Dị ka nke a usoro nwere ike ikpe na ndị mejupụtara nke compound. Propylene glycol ga-apụta dị ka C ₃ H ₈ O _2. Ma ndị dị otú a ndekọ adịghị enye ohere ikwu ihe Njirimara nke a umi, n'ihi na iji nke atọm amaghị ama.
2. The condensed bughi usoro. Na nke a, na propylene mejupụtara nwere otu usoro, ma o nwere ihe abụọ nwere di iche iche: 1,2 - propanediol Kra ₂ OH-CHOH-Kra _3, na 1,3-propanediol Kra ₂ OH-Kra ₂ -CH ₂ OH. Ọnọdụ nke ọtọ otu ekpebi reactivity nke umi. N'etiti onwe ha abụọ owuwu - isomers.
   
3. Full bughi usoro. Ọ na-egosi na onye ọ bụla nkekọ na a molekul, gụnyere a compound n'etiti carbon na hydrogen. The propylene glycol niile njikọ otu sigma-ụdị, n'ihi ya, na-anọchi anya zuru uche nke ihe owuwu adịghị.

Dị ka a dị mfe umi propylene - a mmiri mmiri nke bụ a racemic ngwakọta abụọ ngwa anya isomeric owuwu. Nke a bụ n'ihi na akpàràkpà carbon atọm na a yinye. Ya mere, otu agbagharị ụgbọelu nke ekewasị ìhè nri na ndị ọzọ n'aka ekpe. Otú ọ dị, Njirimara nke umi dị ka a dum bụ fọrọ nke nta enweghị mmetụta.

Physical Njirimara nke umi

Na okwu nke ahụ kwa, 100% propylene glycol nwere ndị na-esonụ e ji mara.

1. Colorless mmiri mmiri, oké, viscous, nwere a pụtara njupụta uru.
2. Na okpo ọnụ, sweetish, isi kpọmkwem.
3. Ọ bụ ezigbo ihe mgbaze maka ndị nnọchiteanya nke fọrọ nke nta niile na klas nke bekee.
4. Sam propylene glycol bụ soluble na mmiri na mmanya na ihe ọjọọ - na benzene na ether.
5. The esi n'ókè nke - 45.5 ⁰ C na nkịtị nsogbu. ọnụego na-abawanye na-amụba nsogbu.
6. Ọ nwere nnukwu ogo hygroscopicity.
7. Ọ na ala corrosion ike.

Ndị dị otú ahụ nkịtị Njirimara na-ekpebi isi ubi nke ngwa nke umi. Mgbe propanediol ike n'ibelata siri ike na-ajụ ọnyà ikuku mmiri ma kee ya, na-ewedata okpomọkụ nke bekee, dispersing gburugburu compound. Ya mere, ọ na-eji na-emepụta ihe oriri.

chemical Njirimara

Si echiche reactivity, 1,3-propylene glycol ọzọ bụ reactive isomer. Ke adianade do, o nwere ike polymerize. Ke ofụri ofụri, e nwere ọtụtụ isi Jeremaya mere na-enwe ike ịbanye dihydric mmanya.

1. Esterification. Na organic na inorganic asịd na-meghachi omume na-etolite esters.
2. Site na mmeghachi omume na alkali enye glycolates, otu ihe a na-eme mmekọrịta na alkali ọla.
3. Ike nke na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na guzobere aldehydes, allylic alcohols dimetildioksanov na ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa.
4. Dehydrogenation Jeremaya mere iduga guzobe nke acetol, aldehydes, asịd.
5. The ọxịdashọn na-esonyere guzobe nke ụmụ irighiri nke acetone, propionaldehyde, lactic acid, formaldehyde na ndị ọzọ na ogige.

The ojiji nke a umi ke ụlọ ọrụ na-atụle mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ezie, dị ka a n'ihi nke stepwise ire ere molekul kpụrụ dị nnọọ mmiri na carbon dioxide. Usoro dị ka ndị a:

• propylene glycol;
• lactic acid;
• PVK (pyruvic acid) ;
• mmiri;
• carbon dioxide.

Ọ bụ ya mere na-ewere na o kwere omume iji nke a dị iche iche na nzube: ma ọrụaka ma nri na ịchọ mma.

Toxicity na mmetụta na-ahu na

Propylene glycol - gịnị ka ọ bụ na okwu nke mmetụta na mmadụ? Ọtụtụ nnyocha na nnwale gosiri na kpọmkwem na-ezighị ezi mmetụta na-ebi na nsụkọrọ na akụkụ, a compound na-enweghị. Adịghị akpata iyatesịt na nācha ọbara-ọbara nke anụ ahụ, adịghị akpọkọtara na imeju na-na akụrụ, dị ka oge izu ọbụna na ụzọ ha.

Nlele na ụmụ oke na-iwesa a kwa ụbọchị propylene glycol, gosipụtara na ọ dịghị emetụta ahụ ike na ndụ nke ndụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na a ogologo oge iji ngwaahịa na preparations nwere buru ibu nke umi, ike na-ata ahụhụ akụrụ, ọrụ ha na-eguzosi ike n'ezi ga-mie ala. Ma nke a ga-iwesa a nnukwu ego nke nnoo ọcha 100% propylene glycol, nke bụ n'ezie-agaghị ekwe omume.

Ya mere, na ojiji nke na-aba n'anya na ịchọ mma, senti na nri ụlọ ọrụ na-ekwe dị ka iwu na ụkpụrụ. The naanị-ezighị ezi mmetụta ọ pụrụ inwe ndị na-ata ahụhụ si na akpụkpọ ọrịa, dermatitis, eczema na mgbagwoju iche nke ahu anataghi. Na nke a, ọ na-adịghị atụ aro iji creams, ointments, shampoos na ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa na nwere umi.

Manufacturing Industry

Chemical Njirimara ekwe propylene nweta propylene oxide si ya n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ nke okpomọkụ (200 ⁰ C) na nsogbu (1.6 MPa). Na nke a na ngwaahịa ndị dị nnọọ atọ Efrata:

• propylene glycol;
• glycol;
• tripropylene.

N'ihi na n'ihu nhazi na nkewa usoro pụrụ iche idozi kọlụm na-eji. The okokụre ngwaahịa nwere nnukwu ọcha uru (99%), ya mere ozugbo njikere maka ojiji. Food propylene glycol dabara ọzọ nhazi, nchekwa oge nke ruo afọ abụọ.

Jiri dị ka mmiri nbelata ịjụ oyi

Mbụ niile na-aba n'anya na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka okpomọkụ ụgbọelu. Propylene glycol nwere ike ga-eji na teploustanovkah na okpomọkụ nso si -40 ⁰ C ka 108 ⁰ C. Ọzọkwa, ya ala corrosion ike na-enye ohere ịnọgide na-enwe akụrụngwa. Ya mere propanediol na-eji maka:

• kpo oku;
• oyi nke niile ụdị ụlọ;
• ventilashion;
• Jụrụ oriri.

Ji ntecha

The ike nke umi enwetaghị ma kee mmiri, chụgara, rụọ udidi, isi ụmụ irighiri na-ebu underlies ya iji na ntecha na perfumery ọrụ. Ke adianade do, ala reactivity na nchekwa na okwu nke gburugburu, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-ekpebi oke nke a akụrụngwa bụ ike creams, shampoos, pastes, ointments na ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa.

E nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ịzụta propylene glycol. Price na-adabere na ịta nke ngwaahịa na ego nke iji. Ọ na-àmà site 150 na 170 rubles kwa kilogram.

The ojiji na nri ụlọ ọrụ

Na nri ụlọ ọrụ propylene glycol maara dị ka E1520. Ọ bụ onye so na ọtụtụ na ngwaahịa na ndị pasty, creamy-anọgidesi na ihe siri ike confectionery. Ọrụ ya - dispersion, softening, jụrụ, canning.