Russian Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine I. The afọ nke ọchịchị, anụ ụlọ na mba ọzọ amụma mgbanwe

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ọtụtụ nsogbu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ụka na ọrụ ohere na akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ na-apụghị ekwetaghị na Catherine m ọdọk Russian ocheeze n'ụzọ dị ukwuu site na mberede. Iwu ọ bụ ogologo - a obere ihe karịa afọ abụọ. O sina dị, ọbụna ndị dị otú a mkpirikpi eze, ọ nọgidere na-akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ndị mbụ Eze Nwanyị Ukwu.

Of washerwomen na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu

March Skavronskaya, nke ga-adịghị anya mara ụwa dị ka Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine 1, a mụrụ na ókèala nke taa Lithuania, n'ala ndị Livonia, na 1684. Ezi ihe ọmụma banyere ya na nwata e. Ke ofụri ofụri, ọdịnihu Catherine 1, onye biography bụ kama ambiguous na mgbe ụfọdụ na-emegiderịta, dị ka onye version, a mụrụ a nwoke onye oru ugbo ezinụlọ. Nne na nna ya anya nwụrụ nke ihe-otiti, na girl e zigara pastọ n'ụlọ a odibo. Dị ka ọzọ version, Marta biri afọ iri na abụọ na ya na nwanne mama, na mgbe ahụ pụtara na ndị ezinụlọ a obodo-àjà, nke bụ na ọrụ na ịmụta ịgụ na-ọdudu-ákwà. Ọkà mmụta sayensị ka na-arụ ụka banyere ebe n'ọdịnihu Ekaterina 1 mụrụ.

biography

Na mbido nke mbụ Russian Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, na ụbọchị na ebe a mụrụ ya na-ka na-adịghị guzosie ike site Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme. More ma ọ bụ obere hoo na historiography ike version, na-egosi na ọ bụ nwa nwaanyị nke a Baltic oru ugbo Samuila Skavronskogo. Na Catholic okwukwe baptizim girl ọbụna nne na nna, na-enye ya aha Martin. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị na-akọ, ọ na a kpọlitere na Marienburgskom mbikọ, n'okpuru nlekọta nke Pastor Glück.

Future Catherine M dịghị mgbe a akwụkwọ. Ma gwa m na ya bụ na-atụ n'anya ugboro dịgasị Cavaliers. E nwere ọbụna ozi na Marta wee tụrụ ime site a ụfọdụ amadi, mụrụ nwa nwaanyị. Pastor jisiri ịlụ ya, ma di, onye bụ a Swedish dragoon, n'oge na-adịghị okụrede enweghị a Chọpụta n'oge Northern War.

Mgbe kpọọ nke Marienburg Russian March, na-aghọ "kwatara n'agha", mgbe ekaufọk nke na-abụghị ọrụ agha, na mgbe e mesịrị, na August 1702 mbụ, bụ na convoy nke Field Marshal Boris Sheremetev. Ọ hụrụ ya, were ya edozi nwaanyị - a washerwoman, mgbe e mesịrị na-ebufe A. Menshikov. Nke a bụ ebe ọ na-ejide ndị anya nke Peter I.

Biographers Russian ezinụlọ eze ka na-eche ihe ọ nwere ike weghara eze. Mgbe niile, mma Martha bụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ adịghị anya wee otu nke ya mistresses.

1 Peter na Catherine 1

Na 1704th na March, dị ka Orthodox omenala, e mere m baptism n'okpuru aha nke Catherine I. Site na oge ọ dị ime. Future Eze Nwanyị Ukwu baptizim Tsarevich Alexei. Ònye bụ onye ike mfe imeghari nile di iche iche nke ọnọdụ, Catherine dịghị mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ọnụnọ nke uche. Ọ mụrụ àgwà ọma na àgwà nke Peter, bịara dị mkpa na ọṅụ ya, na n'ugwu. Na March 1705 nke abụọ ha nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ. Ma, ọdịnihu Catherine m ka nọgidere na-adị n'ụlọ Menshikov na St. Petersburg. Na 1705th n'ọdịnihu Eze Nwanyị Ukwu nke anēwebata n'ulo eze nwanne Natalia Alekseevna. Ebe iti washerwoman malitere ịmụ ịgụ na ide. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị akụkọ, n'oge a ga-eme n'ọdịnihu Catherine m ekekọta a zuru ezu ná mma Menshikov.

Nke nta nke nta, mmekọrịta ya na eze wee dị nnọọ nso. Nke a na-ìhè site ha akwụkwọ ozi na 1708. Pita nwere ọtụtụ mistresses. Ọ ọbụna tụlere ha na Catherine, ma o mere ihe o mere abụghị nkọcha, na-agbalị imeghari ka eze whims na etinye na ya iwe ọkụ na-aghọ akụkụ nke. Ọ bụ mgbe niile nso n'oge ya akwụkwụ ọdịdọ,-ekere òkè na ya niile na ihe isi ike nke mara ụlọikwuu ndụ na-eji nwayọọ na-atụgharị n'ime n'ezie nwunye Ọkaakaa. Na mgbe kpọmkwem òkè ngwọta nke ọtụtụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị banyere ọdịnihu Catherine m gbalịrị, ma na eze nwere oké mmetụta.

Na 1709-nke ọ na-esokarị site Peter, gụnyere ihe nile njem. N'oge Prut mkpọsa nke 1711, mgbe agha Russia na-gbara ya gburugburu, ọ zọpụta bụghị naanị di ya n'ọdịnihu, ma ndị agha, na-enye ndị Turkish vizier ya nile ọla ime ka ya banye a truce.

alụmdi na nwunye

On ya laghachiri isi obodo, nke iri abụọ nke February 1712, Pita na Catherine 1 1 ndọ. Ugbua mụrụ site na mgbe nwa ha nwaanyị Anna, bụ onye mesịrị ghọọ nwunye nke Duke nke Holstein, na Elizabeth - n'ọdịnihu Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, na afọ nke atọ na afọ ise, na a agbamakwụkwọ esibeghị n'ebe ịchụàjà soro ladies. The agbamakwụkwọ wee ebe fọrọ nke nta na nzuzo a obere uka, nke diri Prince Menshikov.

Ebe ọ bụ na oge na m nwetara Catherine yad. Ọ malitere ịnabata mba ọzọ nnọchiteanya na izute na ọtụtụ European eze. Dị ka nwunye nke onye ndozigharị eze, Ekaterina Velikaya - 1st Russian Eze Nwanyị Ukwu - na ike nke okwukwe ha na ntachi obi abụghị usụhọde ka ya na di ya. Na oge site na 1704 st ka 1723rd, ọ mụrụ nwa na iri na otu ụmụ Peter, Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwụrụ obere. Ugboro ime egbochighị ya iso ya na di ya na ya gara ya ọtụtụ ugboro: ya nwere ike ịdị ndụ na a tent na-ehi ụra na a ike bed, bụghị a bit ntamu.

Enen

Na 1713, Peter m, onye toro ùgwù omume nke ya na nwunye ya na oge nke ọdịda maka Russian Prut mkpọsa, guzobere Order of St. Catherine. Ọ bụ ya onwe-etinye ihe ịrịba ama na ya na di ya na November 1714 nke. Ọ mbụ a na-akpọ Order nke Ntọhapụ na a chọrọ naanị Catherine. Na kpọkwara nke nwunye n'oge ọrịa-fated Prut mkpọsa, Peter m chetara na ya manifesto nke echichi nke nwunye ya na November 1723rd. Ndị mba ọzọ na ndị ọzọ ntị ga-ihe niile na-aga na Russian ikpe, otu olu kwuru eze amama Eze Nwanyị Ukwu. Na n'oge Persian mkpọsa na 1722 Catherine ọbụna idet isi ya wee malite eyi Grenadier okpu. O ji ya na di ya Nme ndị agha, na-ahapụ ozugbo na agha.

Iri-na-n'ụbọchị nke atọ nke December 1721 osisi nke Sineti na Synod nke Russian Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine kwetara. Karịsịa n'ihi na ya echichi na May 1724 mbụ e nyere site okpueze, nke na ya n'ịma mma ya karịrị okpueze nke eze. Na isi nke nwunye nke Emperor uma Peter onwe ya tọrọ.

Eserese

Echiche ihe na mputa bụ Catherine, emegiderịta. Ọ bụrụ na ị-elekwasị anya na ya nwoke na gburugburu ebe obibi, na echiche nke dum mma, ma nwanyị, na-emeso ya na-abụchaghị eziokwu, kwere ya nkenke, oké na nwa. N'ezie, ọdịdị nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu emeghị ka ukwuu nke ihe echiche. O nwere naanị anya na ya na-achọpụta ya ala si malite. The uwe o yi bụ ochie style, kpamkpam machite na ọlaọcha sequins. Ọ mgbe a mpaghara nke di n'ihu na-mma na embroidery mere nke dị oké ọnụ ahịa na nkume si mbụ ịbịaru n'ụdị a abụọ-gawa ugo. Na queen nọ na-eyịride na Order, a iri na abuo obere oyiyi na ọgwụ nchebe. Dị ka ọ na-aga, ihe niile àkù a kụrụ.

n'usoro

Otu n'ime ụmụ ha - Peter, onye, mgbe abdication nke eze ukwu ahụ okenye nketa nke Evdokia Lopukhina atụle a 1718 ukara prestolonasledovatelem, na 1719-m nwụrụ anwụ. Ya mere, eze ahụ naanị ndozigharị ahụ na nwunye ya na-ahụ ya ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nọchiri. Ma n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1724 mbụ Eze Nwanyị Ukwu, Peter-enyo enyo nke ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru na igwefoto-kadet Mons. O gburu ndị ahụ ikpeazụ, kwụsịrị na-ekwurịta okwu ya na nwunye ya: anaghị ekwu okwu, na ohere ọ bụ ihe amachibidoro. Ahuhu n'ihi na ndị ọzọ si mesoo a egwu igbu ka eze, na iwe-ya na ọ dọwara a uche na nke ocheeze gafere nwunye ya.

Na ozugbo na doro arịrịọ nke nwa-ya nwayi Elizabeth, Peter kwetara nri ehihie na Catherine - a nwaanyị bụ onye ya atọsa enyi na osote maka a zuru afọ iri abụọ. Ọ mere na a ọnwa tupu ọnwụ nke onye eze ukwu. Na January 1725 nke abụọ ọ dara ọrịa. Catherine mgbe niile bụ na àkwà nke a na-anwụ anwụ edidem. N'abalị si 28 nke na 29 nke Peter nwụrụ n'aka nke nwunye ya.

Nrigo ocheeze

Dị ka ọnwụ nke a ma ọ bụ nwunye, ọ bụghị nwere oge iji na-ekwusa ikpeazụ ya, mkpebi nke ajụjụ nke inwe ghọrọ aku "Supreme Onyenwe anyị" - òtù nke Sineti, Synod, na ndị ọchịagha bụ ndị nọrịị na n'obí iri abụọ na asaa nke January. Abụọ n'ime ha bụ ndị ọzọ. One, esịnede nke ọnụnọ na nnọọ elu nke na gọọmenti ike emechu ndị oké ozu, edu European-gụrụ akwụkwọ Prince Dmitry Golitsyn. Ná mgbalị iji amachi autocracy, nke ikpeazụ choro iji wuo n'ocheeze Peter m - a obere nwa nwa Petra Velikogo. M ga-asị na ndị candidature nke nwa ọhụrụ ahụ dị nnọọ ewu ewu n'etiti ndị niile Russian oké ozu na klas, onye chọrọ ịhụ na nzukọ ụmụ-isi onye nwere ike iweghachi ha gara aga ùgwù.

mmeri

The abụọ party bụ na n'akụkụ nke Catherine. The gbawara n'etiti bụ apụghị izere ezere. Site n'enyemaka nke ya andikabuana enyi Menshikov na Buturlina Yaguzhinskii na ịdabere na Nche, ọ rịgooro ocheeze dị ka Catherine 1, n'oge ọchịchị nke maka Russia ọ bụla pụrụ iche na a akara. Ha adịteghị. Site na nkwekọrịta Menshikov, Catherine emeghị ka ọ ghara n'ihe omume nke ala, Ọzọkwa, nke-asatọ na February 1726, o nyere mbụ Russian akara-aka nke Onye Kasị Elu mara Council.

Politics na mba

State ọrụ Catherine m bụ nanị ukwuu n'ime nnọọ ịbanye akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ ga-kwuru na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu bụ mmasị na omume nke Russian nsoro. Na nnọchite nke mba n'ezie achị mara Council - a ahụ kere obere oge tupu ya arịgoo n'ocheeze. Ọ gụnyere Menshikov, G. Golovkin, FM Apraksin, D. Golitsyn, P. na A. Osterman Tolstoy.
Catherine 1 eze malite na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ụtụ isi e belata, na gbaghaara ọtụtụ ndị mkpọrọ na dọọrọ n'agha. Nke mbụ bụ n'ihi na ebili ahịa na ụjọ mee discontent n'etiti ndị mmadụ. Ụfọdụ Catherine mgbanwe kagburu nke ochie ahụ, e site Peter 1. ka ihe atụ, budata belata ọrụ nke Sineti kagburu na ndị isi obodo, nke a gbanwere na ike nke onye-isi, a Commission, nke na-agụnye ndị ọchịagha na flagships. Dị ka ọdịnaya nke a mgbanwe, Catherine 1 ha nwere na-elekọta mma nke Russian agha.

International mmekọahụ

Ma ọ bụrụ na esịtidem Politika Ekateriny 1 n'ihe dị na N'ezie nke Peter oge, mba na mba ihe niile wee na-ahụ n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka Russia na-akwado ndị na-azọrọ nke Duke Charles Frederick, nwa na iwu nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu na nna ya Pita 3, ka Schleswig. Denmark na Austria nwere njọ mmekọahụ. Na 1726, mba n'akụkụ aka Vienna Union. Ke adianade do, Russia aghọ ke Courland ahụkebe mmetụta na-agbalị-eziga ka Menshikov dị ka a na-achị ndị Duchy, ma ndị obodo ahụ guzogidere. N'otu oge Catherine 1 mba ọzọ amụma agbawo mkpụrụ. Russia, na-enwe enweta ohere site Persia na Turkey na Caucasus, bụ ike weghara Shirvan mpaghara.

na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị image

Site nnọọ ná mmalite nke ya eze Catherine 1 esịtidem iwu e iji na-egosi onye ọ bụla na ocheeze ya dị mma aka na na mba anọwo na ụzọ họọrọ akwa Rọbọt. The Supreme mara Council mgbe niile busoro a ọgụ na mgba ike. Ma, ndị mmadụ hụrụ n'anya na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu. Na nke a n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ esịtidem Politika Ekateriny 1 na-adịghị akara ọ bụla pụrụ iche uru n'ihi na ndị nkịtị.

Ya n'ihu na mgbe niile jupụtara ndị mmadụ dị iche iche na-arịọ. Ọ chiri ha, na-enye ebere, na n'ihi na ọtụtụ ọbụna ghọrọ nne mmiri chukwu. N'oge ọchịchị nke nwunye nke abụọ nke Petra Velikogo bu onye-isi nzukọ nke Academy nke Sciences. Ke adianade do, Eze Nwanyị Ukwu shells na Kamchatka njem nke Bering.

The mbụ Russian Eze Nwanyị Ukwu akpa ke May 1727. Nọchiri ya họpụtara ntorobịa Peter 2 - nwa nwa, na a regent - Menshikov. Otú ọ dị, a ọgụ na mgba ike wee na. Mgbe ọchịchị Catherine 1, akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ekwu, ọ nyere ịrị elu a ogologo oge nke Russian n'obí revolutions.