Teren atụmatụ na bara uru ihe onwunwe na Sweden

Ọdịnaya nke isiokwu a - na geological Ọdịdị na ịnweta akụ nke Sweden. Gịnị mere a mba? Ọ bụghị nanị ndị kasị ibu nke mba nke Western Europe, ndị territorial State, kamakwa banyere ndị ọgaranya ọdịdị na a dịgasị iche iche nke pụrụ iche atụmatụ na-amaghị ka ọtụtụ Russia. Geography na Sweden na-enye aka onwunwe bụ isiokwu nke mmasị ọ bụghị naanị ka ọkachamara, ọdịdị mbara ala, kamakwa ọtụtụ ọchịchọ ịmata na-agụ akwụkwọ.

Olee ụdị obodo

Location Sweden - Northern Europe (Scandinavian Peninsula). Agbata Obi - Norway si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, Finland - si n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, Denmark - si n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ. Mineral Sweden na Finland, nakwa dị ka atụmatụ nke ihu igwe, ndị yiri na Ọdịdị n'ihi na nso. Baltic Oké Osimiri na Gulf of Bothnia-na-asa site na miri nke ya ala na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda. The size nke mba bụ 450.000 square kilomita.

Ka ugbua kwuru, Sweden - kasị nke Scandinavian mba. N'etiti ihe niile na mba Europe ya size bụ nke abụọ nanị expanses nke mba anyị, dị ka nke ọma dị ka Ukraine, France na Spain. Na ogologo nke ya n'ókèala na ndịda-n'ebe ugwu direction - banyere 1600 kilomita, na "kwụ" (na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ) - banyere 500 km.

Ihe karịrị ọkara nke ebe a na-arụ oké ọhịa, ma 14-15% bụ tundra na bogs, na banyere 9% nke mba na-arụ site n'ime obodo miri. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke osimiri, iyi na ọdọ mmiri ndị Sweden esịmde 90 000. The aha nke nnukwu nke ọdọ mmiri - Vättern, Vänern, Mälaren, Elmeren.

A mara nkọwa nke Swedish osimiri - bụghị kwa ogologo, ma ukwu n'ala ala, na waterfalls na rapids. Channel ha edina n'ụzọ na ntụziaka si n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime osimiri aga n'ime Baltic Sea (ya Gulf of Bothnia).

The ala nwere a pụtara ogologo coastline (2,700 kilomita n'ogologo), mma na ọmarịcha agwaetiti na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke eke si malite. The aha nke kasị isi Swedish agwaetiti - Öland na Gotland.

Relief na bara uru ihe onwunwe na Sweden

Gore akpọ Kebnekaise bụ kasị elu mgbe na mba. Kaa ya n'elu oké osimiri larịị -. Formation nke ihe karịrị 2100 m elu, ya isi atụmatụ dabeere na ọnọdụ nke Scandinavian Peninsula na akụkụ nke Baltic Shield. Apịaji ugwu Ọdịdị ya oge n'okpuru nduzi nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kpụkọrọ na-akpụ akpụ ndị kwụ ọtọ agwa itinye n'ọnọdụ.

Island a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke afọ gara aga bụ center nke European continental glaciation. The ebe kpuchie ya dị ike na kpụkọrọ, ịmata akara nke 1500 m. Ọkà mmụta sayensị ike ịdị adị nke ikpeazụ nke ndị dị otú mkpuchite dị nso n'oge a Stockholm. Ọ mere na banyere 100 narị afọ gara aga. Ọzọ oke kpụkọrọ emi odude ke edere edere n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Gulf of Bothnia, asaa ma ọ bụ asatọ puku afọ gara aga.

A bit nke ọdịdị ala

Ọ na-adabere na ọnọdụ nke mba ịnweta ego na e ji mara nke Swedish enyemaka. Ya n'ókèala nwere ike kewara ugwu na n'ebe ndịda eke ebe. Northern Sweden emi odude tumadi na a ugwu, a na-ekewa n'ime elu, n'etiti na ala vetikal belt. Banyere minerals na ndị ọzọ na eke ego, dị larịị Norland ejide nke mbụ nke ndị a zones a kpụrụ tumadi moraine ego na peat bogs. Na mpaghara nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ Oké Osimiri Bothnia e assemblage nke mmiri sediments.

Plateau Norland bụ center nke isi ore ego na ya. N'otu na-elekwasị anya na isi mee nke osisi. Part ugwu na ndagwurugwu ọgaranya tụụrụ Ona nke na-tumadi mee ka ebe ịta nri.

N'ebe ndịda nke mba (na ala dị larịị nke Småland, na mbara ọzara nke Central Sweden na Skåne Peninsula) bụ tumadi lekwasị ụlọ ọrụ nke mba ahụ na ya ugbo. Ibid - kasị elu bi njupụta. Småland na njikọ na ya dịtụ nwayọọ idụhe bụ ihe kasị mma ebe ndụ mmadụ.

On Ona ekwesighi ka agriculture eto tumadi coniferous ọhịa. Ezi nnukwu akụkụ nke ókèala ahụ a kpuchie peat bogs. Skåne - Sweden South - mbara ọzara nke nta ka kpamkpam akọ maka mkpa nke ọrụ ugbo. E nwere ezi tụụrụ ala, nke bụ mfe aka ma na-akwa mkpụrụ. N'Ọzara interspersed na nkume ridges nke obere elu, ndinyanade mbịne ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ si n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ. Mgbe a oge ọmarịcha larịị agaghi aga-ogwu na-ntekwasa na a predominance nke deciduous osisi (ash, akpu, maple, beech). Gasịrị, mara mma ọhịa e bibiri ndị aka mmadụ.

Sweden Bara Uru ego - nkenke banyere isi ụdị

A akụkụ pụrụ iche nke Swedish subsoil - ụba nke ọla na ikwu ịda ogbenye nke ịnweta fuels. Teren atụmatụ na bara uru minerals Sweden jikọrọ mbụk. N'ihi ọtụtụ outcrops nke magmatic na metamorphic si dị bukwanu mee nke dara ores. A nnọọ obere ego nke otu sedimentary nkume uwa mere fọrọ nke nta ezu enweghị mmanụ, eke gas na coal.

Swedish ígwè ore ego nwere ike rụrụ ka otu n'ime ndị kasị baa ọgaranya n'ụwa. Nke a na-emetụta ịta nke ore mee, na metal ọdịnaya ore. The mbụ akụrụngwa bụ banyere 3 ijeri metric tọn, na nkezi ọdịnaya nke metal na ore karịa 60%.

On na-enye anyị a foto - Sweden bara uru mineral (isi na-eri anụ ụdị).

Ebe ahụ ha

Olee ebe ndị na-ezo isi bara uru minerals Sweden? More karịa 4/5 nke mba ígwè ore mee na-lekwasị ya kasị mkpa ígwè ore district. Ọ bụ nsogbu na Lapland, n'ofè Arctic gburugburu. The kasị ego a na-akpọ Kirunavaara na, dị ka ndị ọkachamara, nwere ihe na-erughị 1.6 nde tọn.

Lapp ọgaranya ore nwere elu kasịnụ nke metal - dịkarịa ala 2/3. Ma, ke adianade do, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị na site. Ọ bụ ya mere nke a ore siri ike gbazee. Jiri ihe ndị a na-enye aka onwunwe na Sweden na a azụmahịa ọnụ ọgụgụ malitere naanị na iwebata Thomas n'oké usoro nke mere na uzo nke XIX na XX ọtụtụ narị afọ.

Onye ọzọ nke ebe nke ígwè, na-akpọ Bergslagen na mara ebe ọ bụ na Middle Ages, na-emi odude ke ufọt akụkụ nke mba. Site ukwu nke ore, ọ concedes n'ebe ugwu, ma ngwaọrụ na-amịpụtara nwere a nta pasent nke na-emerụ sọlfọ na site, nke mere na ọ dịwo anya e ji mee ihe maka mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ, karịsịa nkà mmụta banyere ígwè.

Ka anyị kwuo banyere ndị na-abụghị ferrous ọla

N'otu aka ahụ, interconnected geological Ọdịdị na ịnweta akụ nke Sweden, na-akọ na-abụghị ferrous ọla. Ebe kasị ukwuu n'ime ha ego - na Norlandskom ala dị larịị. Na Buliden ebe - Kristineberg nwere a buru ibu mgbagwoju nke ego na sulphide ore. Na ha mebere atumatu - uka nke ọla kọpa, idu ndú, zinc, silver, gold, arsenic, pyrite. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, na ebe Laysvall nwere edu ubi, na Aitik - ọla kọpa. Ogaranya na a European ọnụ ọgụgụ ọla kọpa ego na Central Sweden na njikọ na a ogologo ọrụ budata adalatawo na ugbu a na-enweghị azụmahịa uru.

Olee ihe ndị ọzọ bara uru ihe onwunwe na Sweden-ewere ọnọdụ na ya n'ókèala? E nwere ike ịhụ na bituminous shale ego nke na-ebu a anya nta mee nke uranium. Ọ na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 317 000 ise. Nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ banyere 20% nke ngụkọta mee nke ikeketeorie mba.

Ma n'ihi na mmepe nke uranium-amị shales achọ ịrịba inwetara. Nke a na usoro bụ nnọọ na-eri-irè na anya nke na-enwe mmeri nke ukwuu taa na price larịị maka raw uranium.

Ogaranya ego nke Norrbotten na Bergslagen quality ígwè ore anāchi achi na-mara bụghị naanị na mba kamakwa maka nke ụwa dum. Na Norrbotten - a otutu ọla kọpa-pyrite ego na ya. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ha si n'ebe - banyere 100. The ógbè a na-akpọ Västerbotten na Bergslagen metụtara Central Sweden, bụkwa ọgaranya ore na ọla kọpa pyrites.

Petroleum na Sweden

All ndị a minerals Sweden mba fọrọ nke nta enweghị ike ịgwụcha agwụcha. A ole na ole maara nke ọma mmanụ ubi na-emi odude ke Central European mmanụ na gas efere. Na Sweden na-akawanye nanị akụkụ dị nta nke ya, na-ekpuchi akụkụ nke iji nke 30 000 square kilomita. Ọ enyene n'àgwàetiti Gotland ke edem edere-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. The aha nke kasị nke ubi - Hamra. Mmanụ mee e, dị ka ndị ọkachamara, bụ banyere 20 000 ise.

Dị na mba, na coal, kama mkpa nke ya mee ike, Otú ọ dị. Ebe a, enyemaka na bara uru minerals Sweden interconnected ozugbo. Onuete ọkpụrụkpụ ya -. Bụghị karịa 0,8 m Kol ego (Öresund, Höganäs) nwere ike dị na ógbè Skåne, emi odude anya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri Sweden.

Ma na e nwere ga-abụ na Sweden oké ọnụ ahịa ọla? Obere nke ọlaedo na ọlaọcha concomitantly emepụta n'oge nhazi nke sulfide ore ego na ya. Otú ọ dị, Enasene e ikekwe naanị otu n'ime gold-ubi.

Banyere Swedish ihu igwe

Dị ka ihe niile Scandinavian mba, ọtụtụ ndị Swedish n'ókèala ina n'okpuru a oyi akwa nke snow. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ebe feature Scandinavian n'ugwu. Ha na-arụ ọrụ nke a na ihe mgbochi na free eruba nke iru mmiri ikuku uka na-abịa site Atlantic. The iche iche nke Swedish idụhe egwuri a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ ịrịba ogologo nke mba na meridional direction.

Eastern na n'ebe ndịda akụkụ nke mba n'ihi na na-ekpo ọkụ mmiri nke Gulf Stream nwere a Maritime ọnọdụ ihu igwe na a nta na-agbanwe gaa continental. Na January okpomọkụ ya na-abụkarị ke nso site na - 15 ka ⁰S - 3 ⁰S. Na July - 10-17 ⁰S.

Kwa Afọ mmiri ozuzo nke banyere 300-800 mm nke mmiri ozuzo. Ebe ọ bụ na volatility nke ha obere, e nwere ngafe mmiri. Na njikọ na ikpeazụ na-akpata na mba n'ókèala a na-n'ụzọ dị ukwuu kpuo.

Ugwu ugwu ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ógbè nke obodo, karịsịa ná mpụga nke Arctic gburugburu, ihu igwe dị subarctic agwa. A ịrịba òkè nke Northern Territory kpuchie ice Ibé akwụkwọ, na ọtụtụ ugwu-ndagwurugwu kpụkọrọ.

About Swedish osimiri na ọdọ mmiri

Ịnweta ego na Sweden - bụghị naanị nke ya eke ego. All nke n'elu atụmatụ nke ihu igwe, ọdịdị ala na geological Ọdịdị na Sweden bụ mma maka a dịgasị iche iche nke ẹdude ọdọ mmiri na osimiri ekpuchi a map nke mba a na ok netwọk. Swedish osimiri igba, na-emekarị site warara ndagwurugwu na chọrọ mma na ihe n'ụba waterfalls na rapids. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ha na-eme dị ka ume na isi mmalite.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle osimiri hydropower dị ka onye nke mba eke ego, ihe kasị dị ịrịba ego bụ ndị na-amalite na Scandinavian ugwu (na ha n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mkpọda), igba site Norlandskomu ala dị larịị na-asọpụta n'ime Gulf of Bothnia. Aha-ha - Ongermanelven, dalälven, Lule, Umeelv, Indalsälven. Rivers ọzọ na-apụghị ịgụta ọnụ ọdọ mmiri ndị na ọtụtụ ọdọ-dị ka extensions na-eme ihe dị ka eke ọdọ. Ha nwere ike inye mmiri iwu na N'ezie nke afọ.

Lake - ihe abụzi akụkụ nke odida obodo na-ahụkarị nke mba ndị dị ka Sweden na Finland. N'okpuru ha nwere ọ dịkarịa ala 8% nke mba. Emi odude ke n'etiti Lake Vänern, Sweden na Europe - ndị kasị ibu. On asọpụta nke ya osimiri Göta Älv elu nsụda mmiri, nke na-eji, na-ewuru na ya a dị ike hydroelectric osisi na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbupu akpọchi.

Ahịhịa nke mba ụwa

Na ọgwụgwụ - a okwu ole na ole banyere osisi ego na Sweden. Fọrọ nke nta niile nke ya n'ókèala, ma e wezụga na ihe ndị gabigara ókè ndịda, bụ nke podzolic mpaghara. Ha adịghị na-anọchi anya a akpan akpan uru maka ọrụ ugbo. More adabara na nke a bụ sod-podzolic ala umu, ghọrọ ebe nile na ndị dị larịị na ọdọ mmiri Middle Sweden.

Forest aja aja Ona, nke na-atụle ihe ndị kasị tụụrụ niile, ẹdude na ókèala nke Scandinavian Peninsula, emi odude ke akụkụ ebe ndịda nke mba. Tumadi nke ọgaranya dịịrị banye na mmiri Skåne.

Ahịhịa na Sweden na-anọchi anya tumadi site na oke ohia, na-ezo ihe karịrị 50% nke ókèala. Ha ebe -. More karịa 23 nde hectare, ka a na-egosi na steeti esetịpụ mbụ n'etiti mba Europe. Otutu nke ọhịa nkejikotara coniferous. Kwupụta ugwu, na ókèala pola Lapland, na-eto eto na mkpọda nke oké ọhịa nwayọọ nwayọọ na-amụba elu dochie na birch gbagọrọ agbagọ. More gbatịrị n'elu ugwu tundra-ogwu lichen, akpaetu, junipa na Dwarf birches.

Naanị na okpomọkụ, na-aka ike odida obodo nke ugwu na obi ike blooming ahịhịa na ahịhịa ndụ. Tundra ahịhịa na-ekpuchi dịkarịa ala 1/8 nke ohere. Nke sara mbara-leaved osisi nwere ike ikwu banyere klone, akpu, Linden na ntụ. N'ebe ndịda akụkụ nke mba nwere ike izute na beech ọhịa.

È nwere ọtụtụ na Sweden osisi

Ọ bụghị naanị na onye nke Sweden minerals n'ịgba ya n'etiti flagships nke ụwa aku na uba. Dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa eke ego - osisi ego - Sweden bụ nke European isi ná mba ọzọ. N'afọ ọ na-emepụta ma gụọ 2.3 ijeri cubic mita, na fọrọ nke nta niile nke ọ bụ nke conifers. Dị otú ahụ na a buru ibu akụ isi nke mba ahụ bụ nke ọma mepere woodworking na pulp na akwụkwọ ọrụ.

Ọ bụrụ na n'etiti narị afọ gara aga, e nwere a n'ezie obi aghara-aghara nke dị oké ọnụ ahịa na oke ohia, ya ijeụkwụ na-adịbeghị anya ọtụtụ iri afọ ka budata kwụsịlata. State nọrọ a otutu ego maka mweghachi na mezie nke eke ebe na mma ya mejupụtara. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, arụpụtaghị ihe nke ebe kpuchie oké ọhịa amụbawo ịrịba.