The Battle nke Somme: mmụba nke agha na ya pụta

Site 1916, agha nke ọnọdụ na French nkiri agha dọkpụụrụ na maka ogologo oge. N'ihi na ọtụtụ ọnwa ndị agha nke na-alụrịta agha ike ọganihu ọbụna a kilometa.

ọzụzụ

Òtù na ihu nke British na French kwetara n'etiti onwe ha banyere cohesive iwe. Isi ọrụ e kwadebere maka Republican n'akụkụ, ebe British malitere ịrụ support ọrụ. Ọ bụ a nke ndi-agha Somme, nke na-otu n'ime ndị a kasị wụfuo ọbara agha nke agha.

Dị ka atụmatụ, na Entente allies na-awakpo na atọ asakde iso ese: na Russian, Italian na French. Isi nke ụka na December 1915 n'obodo Chantilly na Picardie. Italian na Russian na-aga na-amalite ya arụmọrụ ke June, mgbe Somme iwe e setịpụrụ maka July 1st.

Sonyere na ise ụsụụ ndị agha, atọ French na abụọ English. Otú ọ dị, nke ndi-agha Somme mere na-aga dị ka atụmatụ, mgbe a na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha n'iyi na Verdun (banyere 160 puku). Front, nke a haziri iwe nwere a obosara nke 40 kilomita. A na saịtị nyere n'iwu site ọchịagha Fayolle na Rawlinson. Total management ka Ferdinand Foch. German agbachitere aku Fritz von N'okpuru.

Ọbụna na atụmatụ ogbo o doro anya na agha nke Somme ga-a ogologo na-agwụ ike agha na-achọ na ojiji nke niile dị ego. Ógbè ahụ doro na nza nke edoghi na trenches. Command-atụ anya na mbụ ogbunigwe ga imebisi ọ bụla akara, mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-ewe ndị bipu. Ọ nwere ike ugboro ugboro ruo mgbe ọdịda ikpeazụ redoubt.

abufuw

Ná mmalite, ndị German ọnọdụ ndị a ga-chụọ n'ọrụ site na ogbunigwe. Ọzụzụ a malitere tupu nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-akpasu iwe na June 24. The dum izu redoubts na ike nke German agha n'usoro ebibi na-aga n'ihi na bipu-apụghị ịzọ onwe onye iro ọnọdụ. Ahụhụ ma egbe. Down banyere ọkara nke ọgụ-njikere nkeji na-napụrụ.

Dị ka e bu n'obi, na-bipu kpaliri on July 1st. N'ụbọchị mbụ gburu dịkarịa ala 20 puku British agha, gụnyere na-eje ozi expeditionary agha si chịrị nke alaeze ukwu. Na nri ka iyi tojubigara ókè okpu na-ọnọdụ nke onye iro, mgbe ekpe bụ otu ihe ahụ kụrụ afọ n'ala na biri na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke irrecoverable losses. Ụfọdụ ndị French na a ndabere merela agadi anya, na-egwu gburugburu ebe obibi na ọdịdị nke "ite". Ya mere Fayolle nyere iwu ka ndị agha ya a obere nzọụkwụ azụ ka ha ịchụkwudo na jikọrọ aka.

positional agha

The iwe bụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa, nke na-abụkarị ihe e ji mara nke dum First World War. Kwa kilometa e nyere price nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị e mesoro. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị agha ahụ na-alọta ebe a afọ gara aga, e gburu na-ekpe ka ha ụzọ. Prewar ala nke France, Belgium na Germany ghọọ a na-eli ozu.

Site July, onye ọ bụla nke ọzọ pụrụ nweta usoro ihe ịga nke ọma. Ya mere, Agha nke Somme na-adọrọ mmasị n'ime niile ọhụrụ nkewa, na-agafere si ọzọ asakde iso ese. N'oge na-adịghị ndị Germany chere ụkọ agha, dị ka ihe yiri ka ihe ndị na Western Europe mepụtara Brusilovski iwe nke Russian agha nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. E lekwasịrị nke agha Austria na Germany nwere ịgwa ya ka enyere a ọtụtụ ndị agha na ngwá ọrụ, ọ bụghị iji chọpụta udo ya n'azụ nkewa nke Nicholas II.

Mbelata nke Germany

Site September, agha nke attrition chigharịkwuuru ndị Germany na a manyere ha kwụsịtụ ya nile iwe omume na-alụso ndị British na French. Nke a bụ ihe dị mkpa mgbanwe na ihe ndị so mee ka ndị Agha nke Somme. The N'ihi nke mkpebi dị otú ahụ doro anya: ahụ jikọrọ aka kpebiri ekpeghachi July nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-akpasu iwe.

Mathematically, abụọ ọzọ ndị agha na-anọchi anya ya 58 na 40 nkewa na-adịghị na ihu ọma nke ndị Germany. Iji ịkpọlite ndị mmụọ nke ike gwụrụ ndị agha, ndị agha bịara onye nketa ka alaeze Bavaria Rupprecht. The English kwuru na maka oge mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke tankị eji na ọgụ. Ọ bụ a nlereanya Mark V, we nweta egbe egbe (dabere na nhazi). The ụgbọ ala bụ na-ahụkarị uko, na-emebi emebi ma adighi ike. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ kpam kpam demoralized ndị Germany, onye amaghị na ha na-akwadebe ndị agha nke Somme. Ụbọchị agha were ọnwa anọ (1 July - 18 November).

pụta

Ke mbubreyo n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke British na French ama merela agadi 37 kilomita, na mgbe ahụ na biri agha nke Somme. Nkenke na sporadically iso metụtara nkà mmụta. Front metering ke ọzọ nchere. Oge egosiwo na weere bled Germany ma nye òtù usoro ụzọ ikpeazụ ogbo nke agha. Uru ahụmahụ nke imekọ ihe ọnụ kwere n'isi ụlọ ọrụ Britain na France na-ahazi ha omume n'ụzọ dị irè karị na-eme n'ọdịnihu arụmọrụ.

The jikọrọ aka furu efu n'elu omume nke banyere 146 puku ndị e gburu na 450.000 merụọ. Mutilated anọgide nwere nkwarụ maka ndụ, na ihe nile n'ihi na nke ọhụrụ na ngwá agha, ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ogbunigwe. The Germany ekpe n'ọgbọ agha 164.000 nwụrụ anwụ ma na 300,000 dara ụlọ ọgwụ.