Zhostovo tree: akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụzọ nke Ndinam. Zhostovo sere na trays

Bright mara mma okooko osisi: Roses, peonies, daisies, echefu-m, chrysanthemums na okooko lili nke ndagwurugwu (ọ gaghị ekwe omume depụta ha niile), akọ gbasasịa ọkà n'aka artist na ọchịchịrị kenkowaputa metal n'elu - a ọdịnala Zhostovo sere trays. Unique ndiife art of Russia, nke nwere dịghị analogues!

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge ochie Russian azu nwere fọrọ nke nta 2 ọtụtụ narị afọ, na n'oge ahụ ngwaahịa Zhostovo nwe bụghị naanị efunahụghị ewu ewu na ịma mma, ma, on Kama nke ahụ, nweela ihe ndị ọzọ na-ewu ewu n'ụwa nile na mma site otutu echiche nke taa na-eto eto na-ese ihe.

The si malite Zhostovo crafts

Taa, ọ bụla oge a naghị arụ ọrụ ego ga-enwe obi ụtọ na-enweta a onyinye nke ezigbo Zhostovo tree, nke ike-eji bụghị naanị n'ihi na ya bu n'obi utilitarian nzube, ma na-dị ka ihe mbụ mma kichin ime. N'otu aka ahụ, ụmụ nwaanyị ndị obi ụtọ na na mmalite nke XIX narị afọ., Mgbe ha nyere ndị dị otú ahụ mara mma.

Ma, ọ bụghị mgbe niile. Art Zhostovo sere malitere udi Russia ke mbubreyo XVIII narị afọ. Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ na-agụnye ndị mbụ trays, igbe, anwụrụ igbe, sịga mgbe, ụdị nile nke igbe, wdg, na-ese na Usoro nke lacquer miniatures, nke e mere na obodo nta nke ndị Moscow district: .. Ostashkovo, Atọ n'Ime Otu, Novosiltsev Sorokin Zhostovo.

Nke nta nke nta, na mmepụta nke trays dị na a iche iche track, na a na-eduga ọrụ na-eme ka ha guzosie ike iwere Zhostovo obodo. Na mberede, ndị mbụ trays mere kpamkpam nke papier-mache. Ugbu a, anyị na-ama siri ike iche na Zhostovo tree mere si dị otú ahụ a na ihe onwunwe.

N'ihu mmepe nke art Zhostovo

Na 1825, Osip Filippovich Vishnyakov ogbako e mepere Zhostovo. Ọ bụ site n'ihe a merenụ ịbụ ọgụgụ oge nke ịdị adị nke iche iche Zhestovskaya ndiife crafts. N'ezie, nke a ogbako bụghị naanị otu onye. Nke nta nke nta haziri na ndị ọzọ na-akwado mkpebi: Yegor Vishnyakov na obodo dị nso Ostashkovo, A. A. Zaytseva na Trinity obodo. Ewu ewu na nke ha na ngwaahịa bụ nnukwu! Ọfọn ya rere Zhostovo tree na Moscow, St. Petersburg na obodo ndị ọzọ.

Na 1830 Zhostovo ma agbata obi na obodo ntà meghere ọtụtụ ụlọ ahịa, ndị guzobere nke di EF Belyaev, T. M. Belyaev, FV Shapkin, V. L. Leontev na JS Kolomna. Nke nta nke nta, na mmepụta eto, ngwaahịa mere site n'aka na-aba mere nke papier-mache, na nke ndị ọzọ inogide na dịkọrọ ndụ ihe onwunwe - ígwè.

Kpara nka Zhostovo

Nke nta nke nta, ọhụrụ mụrụ, maara anyị niile Zhostovo tree. History echekwara na nsọtu emere n'ubọchi, na-agwa otú nwayọọ nwayọọ ọzọ na ndị ọzọ nwee nkà ọrụ ugbo n'ógbè abuana ke ọrụ nkà noo. Ọ bụ ihe ịtụnanya otú talent apụtawo ìhè n'ihu n'etiti nkịtị, na-agụghị akwụkwọ serfs. The mbụ nwe, nke kwuru banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme akwụkwọ 1839, bụ a serf of agụ Sheremetev - Veshnyakov Philipp Nikitin, ọ na-emekwa ụfọdụ ihe sere trays tinyere nwa ya. N'ihi ya mụrụ Zhostovo nka usoro ndị eze.

The kasị ama nwe Zhostovo tree: OE Burbyshev (a artist na Zhostovo bụ kpara, ya mere a virtuoso), nm Tsaplagin, æ Vishnyakov, K. V. Gribkov, I. S. Leontev , D. S. Kledov, P. S. Kurzin, I. A. Savelev, MR Mitrofanov, A. P. Gogin, I. P. Plahov, BV mkpa. All ndị a nna ukwu ma na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ hapụrụ a miri emi akara ke art of Zhostovo, na ha e kere dị ịrịba ama ọrụ Zhostovo miniatures esịne ke ọlaedo ego trades.

Zhostovo tree - mmepụta technology

The mbụ mmepụta technology Zhostovo tree egbu maramara karịrị afọ. The ukwu nwere otutu aghụghọ nke ahia, ha na ọ dịghị onye ga-eso. Ya mere, ihe banyere naanị n'ozuzu okwu, ị nwere ike ịgwa imewe nke ngwaahịa Zhostovo technology.

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, oge a trays na-mere ígwè. Ha pụrụ inwe ihe ndị kasị aru ụdị, ya niile na-adabere na mbụ echiche nke onye na-ese. Tupu egosipụta tree ga-ọma polished na kpuchie a abụọ oyi akwa primer Kwadebere dabeere na carbon nwa na kaolin. Mgbe ahụ workpiece na-ground ọzọ, na-kpuchie na ọtụtụ n'ígwé nke acha lacquer. Ebe ọ bụla oyi akwa ga-ọma Fikiere ma nwekwara zuru okè egbu maramara.

Ọzọkwa n'ichepụta Zhostovo trays gaa nzọụkwụ ọzọ. Mgbe niile preparatory ọrụ ngwaahịa dị njikere maka sere, na ka n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ọ na-amalite a ukwu na-ese. Sere Zhostovo tree bụ omenala eji mmanụ ágbá. N'elu ya ẹkụre, ngwaahịa ọzọ na otutu n'ígwé ntekwasa na ghọọ, sochiri ihicha na polishing okokụre tree inye fọrọ specular gloss.

Artistic usoro na atụmatụ Zhostovo sere

Artistic usoro Zhostovo sere na ya si malite si omenala Russian lacquer miniatures, ma, n'ezie, nwere onwe ha e ji mara. The ndabere nwere ike ikekwe-akpọ ụkpụrụ na-egbuke egbuke na agba na a ọchịchịrị ndabere na mma ikwọ gold ịchọ mma. Background Zhostovo tree bụchaghị nwa, o nwere ike ịbụ ihe ọ bụla ị chọrọ agba: red, aja aja, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, acha anụnụ anụnụ na ocher. Mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwere songs rụrụ Potali (eṅomi gold), nne nke pearl ma ọ bụ a ìhè, ọ fọrọ nke nta na-acha ọcha, ma ọ bụ kama a ndiiche si iwu tụziri site artist pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche.

Zhestovsky tree na-emekarị na-ese na ndị dị otú a n'ụzọ na-etiti nke mejupụtara (ifuru bouquet) bụ ndị kasị ukwuu na-egbuke egbuke na agba, nke bụ isi na-elekwasị anya na-eduzi. Nso n'ọnụ nke na ihe nke bouquet na-aghọ nta na darker, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ha jikọrọ ọnụ na ndabere. Si otú ọbọ a visual omimi na olu sere. Zhostovo okooko osisi na-dere bụghị site n'okike, ọzọ mgbe ha na-adabere na ya, ka ukwuu nke image na-adabere na ihe pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche nke ukwu.

Isi motifs na themes

The isi ebumnobi Zhostovo egosipụta N'ezie bụ na ụdị nile nke Ifuru motifs, a dịgasị iche iche nke nke ndị nọmba! Zhostovo sere agbaso ọtụtụ ụdị nke omenala mejupụtara. Okooko osisi nwere ike ikpokọta na nnukwu ùkwù esịnede 3-5 inflorescences, ẹwụtde ke nkata ma enịm garlands gburugburu perimeta nke tree.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị sere nwere ike a gbakwunyere na oyiyi nke tomato, mkpụrụ osisi na nnụnụ. E nwere samples Zhostovo sere, ka ochie ọla Dutch ka lifes. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na osisi na-eru nhazi ezu, ebe a bụ ihe ịrịba ama niile nke easel sere: na-akpachara anya ntị zuru ezu, izugbe agba, free improvisation.

Zhostovo trays: esi ise nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ

Usoro nile nke na-egosipụta ndị tree nwere ike kere n'ime 4 nkebi. First na-akpọ "zamalevka": na ngwaahịa dị ka ọ pounces razbelennymi akọwa a ọnyà silhouette nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu picture, na ọnọdụ nke isi tụrụ.

Ha na-agbaso site "tenezhka" na "akara": ngwa nke uzo onyinyo na designation nke oké agba nke na-egbuke egbuke ebiet. Mgbe ahụ, na udi nke okooko osisi na epupụta ọzọ bụ ụfọdụ.

Agba nke atọ - blikovka: ngwa nke bleaching powder ngwa ngwa smears. Site n'enyemaka nke niile kpọmkwem ichekwa.

Ndien ke akpatre, ndị a ikpeazụ 4th ogbo nke "chertezhka" na "nkịtị". Na nnọọ mma brushes nna resilient mgbanwe circuit edoghi encircles ọ bụla akwukwo na petal adọta Alaka na nkọwa, nke na-akpọ na-adịgide adịgide.

Atụmanya maka mmepe nke crafts

Ugbu Zhostovo nka crafts na-enwe ike ugboro. 90-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, uloru nọ n'okpuru na-elekọta ma na-ego nke ala, mgbe perestroika na ida nke Soviet Union, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ebe n'ime onwe aka. Ugbu a nkuku-nkume uru, ọ bụghị ichebe omenala na ihe obibia nke craft.

The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke artists na enterprise e budata belata. Ọtụtụ nka malitere ịrụ ọrụ onwe n'ụlọ. Ọ rụrụ ọtụtụ onwe iwu, a tụrụ mkpọrọ bụghị naanị site Zhostovo tree. Modern Masters arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ mgbe na-egosipụta a dịgasị iche iche nke na-achị: si friji na mobile phones na karama nke dị oké ọnụ wine mkpoko. Nnubata nke nkà na-eto eto - akwụkwọ gụchara akwụkwọ Fedoskino lacquer miniatures nso nso jụrụ. O sina dị, ụlọ ọrụ na-ka na-adị ndụ, na-arụ ọrụ na nraranye na okwukwe na-eme n'ọdịnihu.

Ka esi Zhostovo?

N'ihi na onye ọ bụla na matakwuo nso na akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkà nke Zhostovo ụlọ ọrụ haziri ihe na-akpali 5-hour njem na-nwe-klas. Mgbe ụlọ ọrụ bụ mgbe niile na-arụ ọrụ shop ebe ị pụrụ ịzụta ngwaahịa na crafts, dị ka ha na-ekwu, "na okpomọkụ si okpomọkụ."

Na site Moscow na Zhostovo e nweghị ike. Anyị kwesịrị imeri dum 50 km na okporo ụzọ na ntụziaka Ostashkovskoe Mytishchi district. I nwekwara ike mfe iru ebe ahụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala. Ọzọ nhọrọ si Medvedkovo Metro ka Zhostovo mgbe niile ụgbọ ala mgbagharị nọmba 438.