ZIL-157: nkọwa na photos

"ZIL 157" (a foto nke ụgbọ ala na-ọkọnọ na page), a dị ike na ụgbọala, nke e arụpụtara na Soviet oge na factory Likhachev, si 1958 na 1991. The igwe nwere uma nke ihe niile na-wheel mbanye niile na-teren ụgbọala, ya mere Oghere Usoro mmepụta iji na huu ụgbọala nke ogba agha nke Soviet Union. Na nke a, a ụfọdụ ego nke "ZIL 157" e ji akụ na ụba mba.

ndozi

Na 1961, ihe nlereanya e gbanwetụrụ na natara index "ZIL 157K." The ọhụrụ version nke ụgbọ ala na-emepụta ruo mgbe 1978, mgbe ahụ, kwaga ya mmepụta na Ural Automobile Plant (UAMZ), ma n'okpuru aha nke "ZIL 157KD". The ọhụrụ ígwè bụ dị iche iche si aga mma nnyefe, a pụrụ ịdabere na otu diski ipigide, a ọma axial guzozie na ọbụna ibu nkesa na telescopic ujo absorbers. Na-akwọ ụgbọala arụmọrụ nke gbanwetụrụ nlereanya a na mma, na ọnụego elu site 60 ruo 65 kilomita kwa awa. The emelitere version kemgbe maka ụfọdụ oge ịbịa, "Zil 157" onye photos e bipụtara ọ bụla, e nkewa dị ka ọ bụla na ngwá agha nke oge.

The ụgbọ ala ahụ bụ a osisi n'elu ikpo okwu kpuchie longitudinal metal n'ọnụ nke echebe megide abrasion. The mbadamba kpọkọtara si osisi efere, ọkpụrụkpụ 20 na a obosara nke 80 millimeters. Chepụta ike longitudinal transverse Ogwe Noa na metal brackets. Front osisi e n'ịnyịnya fixedly na akuku ma n'azụ nọdụ, si otú na-akọwara n'elu ikpo okwu ahụ. N'ihi ya, loading na ebutu nke agha na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ na ihe onwunwe rụrụ mfe na ngwa ngwa.

Site ndị agha na-akụ na ụba mba

Car "ZIL 157KD" e mepụtara ruo mgbe 1991, na arụmọrụ nke ụgbọ ala agbanwebeghị, niile technical parameters n'ụzọ zuru ezu izute chọrọ nke ọrụ. Na ebe ọ bụ na agha ahụ malitere na mmepụta nke niile na-teren ugbo ke 1966 ke osisi Likhachev "Zil 131", na ọkọnọ nke "ZIL 157KD" na agha nke USSR ikpe kwụsịrị. The igwe na-esiwanye eji na obodo injinịa, na mkpokọta na ala ugbo na oke ohia. Pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, na-adịghị okomoko teren ụgbọala aghọwo ihe dị oké ngwá ọrụ dị iche iche ubi.

Model "ZIL 157B" traktọ na-enweghị a n'ahụ, bụ karịsịa adaba njem na-egbu osisi. Ike traction ekwe na-eji igwe maka iga nke ogologo ndekọ.

technical e ji mara

Afọ nke isi mmiri na mgbakọ, "Zil 157" osobo kasị elu chọrọ nke oge. Ebe ọ bụ na ígwè e mepụtara maka Soviet Army, maka ya mmepụta emeghị egbughị ego. N'ihi ya, "Zil 157", àgwà ya na-adịghị mkpa ka a mma, anakọtara na a ebu belt na a classic ikpe, n'ihi na afọ na-enweghị na-agbanwe agbanwe technology.

The ụgbọ ala ama onwem na ihe engine nke nkezi ike na nnyefe na ise drive akụ, otu onye nke na-ejikọ ahụ ekesa unit na gearbox, abụọ aka adiana nke n'ihu na n'etiti axles. The anọ na nke ise cardan aro ejikọ n'etiti mmiri na azụ, site onye n'etiti amị mgbakọ.

ụgbọ ala

Wheels "Zil 157" nwere a miri emi zọcha directional, fọrọ nke nta ka iwepu slippage. N'ihi na oge mbụ na anụ ụlọ akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ na ụgbọala e debere paging usoro mezie taya. Punctures na obere oghere nime wheel-adịghị emetụta na-agba ọsọ nke igwe, na Compressor na-akpaghị aka pumped nke chọrọ ego nke ikuku iji chefuo enweghị nsogbu. Si akwọ ụgbọala oche nwere ike na-agụnye pumping usoro.

Taya "Zil 157" ndị ọzọ, e mere maka ije na-amaghị nwoke snow ma ọ bụ swampy ebe. N'ihi nke a ọ dị mkpa iji belata nrụgide 0,7 atmospheres. Wheels biri, ha n'elu ghọrọ wider. Mgbe-agafe mejupụtara òkè, taya ọzọ pumped ruo nkịtị mgbali nke 2.8 atmospheres.

jụrụ usoro

Sịlịnda ngọngọ "Zil 157" na "jaket" mechiri emechi ụdị. Site ekesa coolant akaghị. Igwe okpomọkụ bụ a tubular Ọdịdị, ruo eruo na-akwụ ọtọ blinds. Six-bladed ofufe wheel-enye ndị ọzọ jụrụ.

Site constructive ọghọm obi jụrụ usoro "Zil 157" nwere ike ikwu na uche nke engine ala okpomọkụ. Na mwepu 10 degrees nwere iji pụrụ iche maka egbochi ihe shrouds maka engine ogige, ebe ọ bụ na obi jụrụ usoro anaghị akwado ndị chọrọ okpomọkụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị thermostat e bipụta, ma housings ka na-esịne ke nkwakọ igwe.

Engine "Zil 157"

• cylinder ikike - 5559 cm / 3;
• ụdị - mmanụ ụgbọala, carburetor;
• kacha ike - 109 HP.;
• nọmba nke cylinders - 6, na-akara ndokwa;
• cylinder n'obosara - 101,6 mm;
• mkpakọ ruru - 6.2;
• obi jụrụ - antifirizi;
• onwunwe - ígwè cylinder ngọngọ, cylinder isi aluminum;
• anọ - ọrụ;
• ịtụ 1-5-3-6-2-4 nke cylinders;
• mmanụ ụgbọala A-66, A-72.

nnyefe

Ntuziaka nnyefe, a ise-nzọụkwụ:

• Model 151;
• ịgbanwee - n'ala menjuobi.

Gear oke:

• ise gia (ogologo) - 0,81;
• anọ gia - 1.00;
• atọ gia - 1,89;
• abụọ gia - 3.32;
• mbụ nyefe - 6,24;
• Laa azu - 6,70.

Ekesa igbe, abụọ-ogbo:

Gear oke:

• mbụ nyefe - 2,44;
• abụọ gia - 1,24;
• isi nnyefe drive axles - otu, 6,67.

Akụkụ ya na ibu ibu e ji mara

• ngụkọta arọ bụ 10.190 n'arọ;
• ogologo 6684 mm;
• elu: full, na okwuchi windo 2915 mm, enweghị okwuchi windo 2360 mm;
• 2315 mm n'obosara;
• n'ihu track 1755 mm;
• n'azụ track 1750 mm;
• isi wheel 3 665 + 1 120 mm;
• ala nwechapụ (nwechapụ) - 310 mm.

mgbanwe

N'oge na mmepụta nke "ZIL 157" e kere site iri na otu isi na nsụgharị, nke rụrụ otu ọrụ kpọmkwem. Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị pụrụ iche ugbo ala:

• ọkụ ụgbọala na a tank nke mmiri na ike nke 4.5 tọn, extendable n'ọkwá na abụọ ụlọ maka pesonel;
• ụgbọ ala na mberede-amụba ka ha na-eweta ọkụ eletrik nwa oge edepuchaala nyere ihe.
• nlereanya na mesikwuru n'ihu bompa maka towing site n'ịgba;
• ụgbọala onwem na a winch, mere maka Anam Udeme si nnukota onu wheel na track ugbo ala;
• isi ihe nlereanya "Zil 157", mbipụta 1958;
• traktọ "157B";
• isi nlereanya na 1961, "157K";
• traktọ na 1961, "157KV";
• isi nlereanya na 1978 "157KD";
• traktọ na 1978, "157KDV";
• Tropical version na enwekwukwa jụrụ usoro na okpomọkụ ahụ gbaagburugburu, "157YU";
• mbupụ nlereanya "157E";
• nlereanya na-echebe ngwá, echebekwa - "157G";
• nlereanya na a echebekwa echebe ngwá kemgbe 1961 - "157KG";
• nlereanya pụrụ iche sọrọ mmanụ ụgbọala tankị, mkpokọta olu nke 300 lita - "Zil 157E".

Total 797 934 ụgbọala e mepụtara nke niile mgbanwe, "eze nke anya-ụzọ", dị ka "Zil 157" kwuru na ndị mmadụ.

The ọhụrụ engine

The isi nlereanya 1978 "157KD" e onwem na ihe engine, a ụgbọala na a n'otu "Zil 130". mkpakọ ruru ama ọkọri si 6.2 na 6.5. Pistin otu - cylinder iche iche, pistons, setịpụrụ nke mkpakọ yiri mgbaaka, mkpịsị aka, ejikọta mkpanaka kpamkpam biiri si engine "130". lubrication usoro adi gbanwere mmanụ ugbu a kpochara na a centrifugal iyo.

Mmiri mgbapụta ike e budata ụba, n'ịnyịnya karịsịa ọhụrụ alternator, kọmpat, oru oma unit. Ịgachi Starter dochie vysokooborotisty, mụbara ike. Nkịtị ngụ oge nyere ụzọ kpọtụrụ na transistor mgbanye usoro. The emelitere engine e arụnyere na "ZIL 157KD" na Ural alaka nke ZIL.

"ZIL 157" dizel

Mmepụta oge nke niile na-teren ụgbọ, dizel ike osisi, nke ga-emepụta na ihe ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ ke adị. Ya mere, na USSR, niile gwongworo onwem naanị na petrol Motors. Otú ọ dị, "Zil 157" nwere ike na ntọala ga-D245-12S dizel engine ika, ọ na-adịghị mkpa ịgbanwe ihe ọ bụla, ihe niile arịọnụ ndị docking moto na predach igbe nwere ike mfe na-emegharị. Ọ bụ naanị na ọ dị mkpa ka bee mgbe n'azụ support brackets na Weld si "Zil 130" ma ọ bụ "131 Zil '. Otú ọ dị, mgbe wụnye a dizel engine ga-kwadebere maka tangible n'ikwe dum igwe bụ naanị-adịghị mma nke ndị dị otú modernization.

àkwà mmiri

Car "Zil 157" n'agbanyeghị nke mgbanwe na-onwem na atọ nke otu ụdị na-agba ọsọ gia. Nke a mbara, semiaxial àkwà mmiri, na differentials. The gia oke nke Kwadobe yiri niile atọ ibé. arịọnụ brackets na-haziri maka elliptical akwukwo isi iyi, ọ bụ ezie na nkwusioru nwere ike ịbụ a pendulum na eriri igwe isi iyi na haịdrọlik ujo absorbers.

Kama siri ike na-arụ ọrụ ọnọdụ, "Zil 157" àkwà mmiri nke na-enwe ndị brunt, amanye ndị na-emepụta anya n'ihi na ngwọta povyshayushie pụrụ ịdabere na ụgbọ ala suspensions. atụmatụ e mepụtara zuru ezu dị mfe ma a pụrụ ịdabere na, nke na-agụnye echichi nke haịdrọlik ujo absorbers.

All nkera akara nke ụgbọ ala na-ejikọta ya na nkedo-ígwè rụọ, ndị na-akụkụ nke "157" nnọọ irè braking system. Nkanka nke eluigwe na ala na ihe onwunwe "feredo" na-arụ ọrụ flawlessly. The ụgbọ ala na-fọrọ nke nta mgbe hapụrụ zọcha akara n'okporo ụzọ, kwụsịrị bụ ezigbo onye na-enweghị jerks, nke na-emekarị so site mgbochi nke arọ ugbo ala.

ụgbọ ala di ike

N'agbanyeghị mfe nke ewu na ogologo ọrụ ndụ, "eze nke anya-ụzọ" mgbe ụfọdụ oge izu. Otú ọ dị, ugbu a nwe echegbula-teren ụgbọala akụkụ ahụ mapụtara "Zil 157" bụ na-ere n'ọtụtụ zuru ezu. Na Soviet oge, ke ukem na mmepụta nke ugbo ala, karịsịa gwongworo, na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ mmepụta ihe maka mmepụta nke mmezi ngwa iwu. Na, dị ka a na-achị, akụkụ ahụ mapụtara emepụta nnukwu quantities anya uku ina. Ndị a bụ ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ nke zubere aku na uba, ma ọ bụ n'ihi ha na taa, ị pụrụ ịzụta ihe fọrọ nke nta niile dị gị mkpa iji rụkwaa ụgbọ ala.